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Liu F, Jarrett WL, Urban MW. Glass (Tg) and Stimuli-Responsive (TSR) Transitions in Random Copolymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1006914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kamada J, Koynov K, Corten C, Juhari A, Yoon JA, Urban MW, Balazs AC, Matyjaszewski K. Redox Responsive Behavior of Thiol/Disulfide-Functionalized Star Polymers Synthesized via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100365n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Corten CC, Urban MW. Repairing polymers using oscillating magnetic field. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:5011-5015. [PMID: 25377855 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200901940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Repair of physically separated thermoplastic polymers containing γ-Fe2 O3 nanoparticles without sacrificing their mechanical properties is achieved by applying an oscillating magnetic field. As γ-Fe2 O3 nanoparticles oscillate at the frequency of the magnetic field, localized amorphous flow occur, and a permanent repair of physically separated polymeric films is achieved.
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Misra A, Urban MW. Environmentally Compliant Fluoro-Containing MMA/nBA Colloidal Dispersions; Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Coalescence. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9012303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Urban MW, Greenleaf JF. A Kramers-Kronig-based quality factor for shear wave propagation in soft tissue. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:5919-33. [PMID: 19759409 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/19/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Shear wave propagation techniques have been introduced for measuring the viscoelastic material properties of tissue, but assessing the accuracy of these measurements is difficult for in vivo measurements in tissue. We propose using the Kramers-Kronig relationships to assess the consistency and quality of the measurements of shear wave attenuation and phase velocity. In ex vivo skeletal muscle we measured the wave attenuation at different frequencies, and then applied finite bandwidth Kramers-Kronig equations to predict the phase velocities. We compared these predictions with the measured phase velocities and assessed the mean square error (MSE) as a quality factor. An algorithm was derived for computing a quality factor using the Kramers-Kronig relationships.
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Misra A, Jarrett WL, Urban MW. New Poly(methyl methacrylate)/n-Butyl Acrylate/Pentafluorostyrene/Poly(ethylene glycol) (p-MMA/nBA/PFS/PEG) Colloidal Dispersions: Synthesis, Film Formation, and Protein Adsorption. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu M, Urban MW. Polymeric Surfaces with Anticoagulant, Antifouling, and Antimicrobial Attributes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200950936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Misra A, Urban MW. Acorn-shape polymeric nano-colloids: synthesis and self-assembled films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 31:119-27. [PMID: 21590883 DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
These studies show for the first time that the synthesis of two distinct phase-separated copolymers within one colloidal particle, i.e., poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/n-butylacrylate (nBA) and poly(nBA)/pentafluorostyrene (p-PFS) phases, results in unique acorn-shaped morphologies and are capable of coalescence. Spectroscopic and morphological analysis combined with contact angle measurements as well as thermodynamic modeling reveal that in an effort to create stable heterogeneous two-phase particle morphologies it is essential to provide desirable interfacial energetic conditions during polymerization and to utilise monomers that have a similar glass transition temperature (T(g) ). Such colloidal particles are stable and are able to self-assemble during coalescence, depending upon the surface energy of a substrate. When a particle monolayer coalesces on a high surface tension substrate, the p-PFS phase expresses itself near the film-air interface, whereas for low surface energy substrates, the p-PFS phase dominates the film-substrate interfacial regions.
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Bartels JW, Billings PL, Ghosh B, Urban MW, Greenlief CM, Wooley KL. Amphiphilic cross-linked networks produced from the vulcanization of nanodomains within thin films of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidinone)-b-poly(isoprene). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9535-9544. [PMID: 19492784 DOI: 10.1021/la900753r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diblock copolymers of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidinone) (PNVP) and poly(isoprene) (PIp) were employed as building blocks for the construction of complex cross-linked networks that present surfaces having amphiphilic character, imparted by covalent trapping of compositionally heterogeneous phase-separated morphologies. The kinetics for the homopolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidinone by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) techniques was studied, and the initially obtained PNVP-based macro-RAFT agents were then extended to PNVP-b-PIp block copolymers. Therefore, the PNVP chain length was held constant at a number-averaged degree of polymerization of 120, while the PIp chain length was varied to afford a series of three PNVP120-b-PIpx block copolymers (where x=710, 53, and 25). These materials were then cross-linked individually using sulfur monochloride, to produce complex amphiphilic networks. The nanoscopically resolved topographies of these films were analyzed using atomic force microscopy, and their compositional heterogeneities were probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and internal reflectance infrared imaging techniques. Additionally, the surfaces were analyzed to determine the extent of surface reorganization under aqueous conditions.
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Aumsuwan N, McConnell MS, Urban MW. Tunable Antimicrobial Polypropylene Surfaces: Simultaneous Attachment of Penicillin (Gram+) and Gentamicin (Gram−). Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:623-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm8013473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mitri FG, Davis BJ, Urban MW, Alizad A, Greenleaf JF, Lischer GH, Wilson TM, Fatemi M. Vibro-acoustography imaging of permanent prostate brachytherapy seeds in an excised human prostate--preliminary results and technical feasibility. ULTRASONICS 2009; 49:389-94. [PMID: 19062061 PMCID: PMC2715013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective in this work is to investigate the feasibility of using a new imaging tool called vibro-acoustography (VA) as a means of permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) seed localization to facilitate post-implant dosimetry (PID). METHODS AND MATERIALS Twelve OncoSeed (standard) and eleven EchoSeed (echogenic) dummy seeds were implanted in a human cadaver prostate. Seventeen seeds remained after radical retropubic prostatectomy. VA imaging was conducted on the prostate that was cast in a gel phantom and placed in a tank of degassed water. 2-D magnitude and phase VA image slices were obtained at different depths within the prostate showing location and orientation of the seeds. RESULTS VA demonstrates that twelve of seventeen (71%) seeds implanted were visible in the VA image, and the remainder were obscured by intra-prostatic calcifications. Moreover, it is shown here that VA is capable of imaging and locating PPB seeds within the prostate independent of seed orientation, and the resulting images are speckle free. CONCLUSION The results presented in this research show that VA allows seed detection within a human prostate regardless of their orientation, as well as imaging intra-prostatic calcifications.
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Yu M, Urban MW, Sheng Y, Leszczynski J. Molecular recognition at methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate (MMA/nBA) monomer unit boundaries of phospholipids at p-MMA/nBA copolymer surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:10382-10389. [PMID: 18693704 DOI: 10.1021/la801765n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipid structural features and their interactions with proteins provide a useful vehicle for further advances in membrane proteins research. To mimic one of potential lipid-protein interactions we synthesized poly(methyl methacrylate/ n-butyl acrylate) (p-MMA/nBA) colloidal particles that were stabilized by phospholipid (PLs). Upon the particle coalescence, PL stratification resulted in the formation of surface localized ionic clusters (SLICs). These entities are capable of recognizing MMA/nBA monomer interfaces along the p-MMA/nBA copolymer backbone and form crystalline SLICs at the monomer interface. By utilizing attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction (SAD) combined with ab initio calculations, studies were conducted that identified the origin of SLICs as well as their structural features formed on the surface of p-MMA/nBA copolymer films stabilized by 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) PL. Specific entities responsible for SLIC formation are selective noncovalent bonds of anionic phosphate and cationic quaternary ammonium segments of DLPC that interact with two neighboring carbonyl groups of nBA and MMA monomers of the p-MMA/nBA polymer backbone. To the best of our knowledge this is the first example of molecular recognition facilitated by coalescence of copolymer colloidal particles and the ability of PLs to form SLICs at the boundaries of the neighboring MMA and nBA monomer units of the p-MMA/nBA chain. The dominating noncovalent bonds responsible for the molecular recognition is a combination of H-bonding and electrostatic interactions.
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Liu F, Urban MW. Dual Temperature and pH Responsiveness of Poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl acrylate) Colloidal Dispersions and Their Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8006784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aumsuwan N, Danyus RC, Heinhorst S, Urban MW. Attachment of Ampicillin to Expanded Poly(tetrafluoroethylene): Surface Reactions Leading to Inhibition of Microbial Growth. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1712-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800176t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rhudy KL, Su S, Howell HR, Urban MW. Self-stratified films obtained from poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate) colloidal dispersions containing poly(vinyl alcohol): a spectroscopic study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:1808-1813. [PMID: 18193907 DOI: 10.1021/la702881h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
These studies focus on the role of poly(vinyl alcohol) (pVOH) during colloidal synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate) (pMMA/nBA) and its effect on particle coalescence. Using 2D photoacoustic FT-IR spectroscopy and internal reflection IR imaging, we showed that the presence of pVOH creates competing environments between the copolymer particle surfaces, aqueous phases, and dispersing agents which results in migration and self-induced stratification occurring during coalescence. pMMA/nBA/pVOH films stratify to form sodium dodecyl sulfate rich film-air interfaces, and the -SO3- moieties exhibit preferential parallel orientation with respect to the surface. At the same time, the bulk of the film is dominated by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the pVOH phase and the copolymer matrix. This behavior is attributed to significant interactions between pVOH and pMMA/nBA, resulting in limited mobility of pVOH.
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Liu F, Urban MW. 3D Directional Temperature Responsive (N-(dl)-(1-Hydroxymethyl) Propylmethacrylamide-co-n-butyl Acrylate) Colloids and Their Coalescence. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702101m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aumsuwan N, Heinhorst S, Urban MW. The Effectiveness of Antibiotic Activity of Penicillin Attached to Expanded Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) Surfaces: A Quantitative Assessment. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3525-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bm700803e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Misra A, Jarrett WL, Urban MW. Fluoromethacrylate-Containing Colloidal Dispersions: Phospholipid-Assisted Synthesis, Particle Morphology, and Temperature-Responsive Stratification. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070852k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aumsuwan N, Heinhorst S, Urban MW. Antibacterial Surfaces on Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene; Penicillin Attachment. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:713-8. [PMID: 17291097 DOI: 10.1021/bm061050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was chemically modified to retard the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This was accomplished by microwave plasma reactions in the presence of maleic anhydride (MA) to create acid functional groups on ePTFE surfaces, followed by esterification reactions with 200 and 600 molecular weight linear polyethylene glycol (PEG). Such surfaces were utilized for further reactions with penicillin (PEN) through etherification reactions to create anti-microbial surfaces. These reactions resulted in surface morphological changes, and spectroscopic analysis using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) revealed the formation of ester linkages resulting from reactions between PEN and PEG functionalities. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by a series of experiments where PEN-modified ePTFE specimens were immersed in a liquid aureus culture, and the bacteria growth was quantified by measuring % absorbance of the suspension at 600 nm wavelength. The lowest absorbance was observed for the solution containing PEN-PEG-MA-ePTFE specimens, thus showing highly effective anti-bacterial activity toward gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that shows PEN-ePTFE surface modifications that are effective against gram-positive aureus bacteria.
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Bae WS, Convertine AJ, McCormick CL, Urban MW. Effect of sequential layer-by-layer surface modifications on the surface energy of plasma-modified poly(dimethylsiloxane). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:667-72. [PMID: 17209618 DOI: 10.1021/la062281f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated grafting of N,N-dimethylacrylamide, styrenesulfonate (SS), and (ar-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) from microwave plasma carboxylated, initiator-functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces was accomplished utilizing reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Surface spectroscopic attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were utilized to determine surface grafting and morphological surface features. The VBTAC-grafted PDMS provided a smooth, hydrophilic cationic surface for creating layer-by-layer (LBL) surfaces via alternating deposition of well-defined poly(SS) and poly(VBTAC), also prepared via aqueous RAFT. Comparisons of the ATR FT-IR spectra of the LBL assemblies and those of respective anionic poly(SS) and cationic poly(VBTAC) components confirmed strong electrostatic complexation of a fraction of the sulfonate and quarternary ammonium species in the layers as well as the existence of noncomplexed species. AFM images of surface topology indicated the presence of domains, likely phase-separated segments of the respective homopolymers, as well as interlayer mixing. The employed LBL methodology results in formation of stable, highly hydrophilic surfaces on a PDMS substrate. To our knowledge, this is the first study that illustrates surface functionalization of PDMS using microwave plasma and RAFT polymerization, followed by LBL deposition of polyelectrolytes.
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