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Fatkenheuer G, Duvivier C, Rieger A, Durant J, Rey D, Schmidt W, Hill A, van Delft Y, Marks S, Rieger A, Vetter N, Greil R, Pedersen C, Storgaard M, Morlat P, Katlama C, Durant J, Cotte L, Duvvier C, Rey D, Esser S, Stellbrink C, Schmidt W, Stoll M, Stephan C, Fatkenheuer G, Stoehr A, Rockstroh J, Banhegyi D, Itzchak L, Shahar E, Maayan S, Turner D, Lazzarin A, Antinori A, Carosi G, Minoli L, di Perri G, Filice G, Andreoni M, Duiculescu D, Rugina S, Erscoiu S, Streinu A, Pronin A, Pokrovsky V, Gruzdev B, Yakovlev A, Voronin E, Clotet B, Gatell J, Arribas J, Podzamczer D, Domingo P, Miralles Alvarez C, Hernandez Quero J, Furrer H, Feher J, Johnson M, Fox J, Nelson M, Fisher M, Orkin C. Lipid profiles for etravirine versus efavirenz in treatment-naive patients in the randomized, double-blind SENSE trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 67:685-90. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hoeper K, Stoll M, Schmidt RE, Krauth C, Amelung V, Meyer-Olson D. Langzeitauswirkungen auf gesundheitsökonomische Folgekosten im Jahr 2010 durch den initialen antiretroviralen Therapiebeginn bei HIV-Patienten. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ulbricht K, Behrens G, Stoll M, Salzberger B, Jessen H, Jessen A, Kuhlmann B, Heiken H, Trein A, Schmidt R. A Multicenter, Open Labeled, Randomized, Phase III Study Comparing Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Atazanavir to Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Zidovudine and Lamivudine in Naive HIV-1-Infected Patients: 48-Week Analysis of the LORAN Trial. Open AIDS J 2011; 5:44-50. [PMID: 21643422 PMCID: PMC3103898 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601105010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the study was to compare the metabolic side effects of a nucleoside analogue-containing regimen with a nucleoside analogue-sparing double protease inhibitor regimen. A secondary goal was to test for efficacy of a double-PI regimen. DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III clinical trial. SUBJECTS Adult HIV-1-infected individuals naïve to antiretroviral therapy with viral load above 400 HIV-RNA copies/ml were randomized (1:1) to either 400 mg lopinavir /100 mg ritonavir (LPV/r) BID plus 150 mg lamivudine/300 mg zidovudine (CBV) BID versus LPV/r BID plus 300 mg atazanavir (ATV) QD. Main outcome measure was the virologic failure in both groups, defined as viral load ≥50 copies/ml at week 48. RESULTS In the CBV/LPV/r-arm, 29 out of 35 patients [(83%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 66.9-92.2%] and 18 out of 40 patients (45%; 95% CI 29.7-61.5%) in the ATV/LPV/r-arm had a HIV-RNA level <50 copies/ml at week 48. The intent-to-treat analysis revealed inferior virologic response in the ATV/LPV/r arm (Chi-Q and Fisher´s Exact Test p<0.001) and resulted in premature termination of the trial. Eleven patients in the ATV/LPV/r-arm discontinued therapy because of virological failure. These failures mostly presented with low level replication (<1,000 copies/ml). Increases in CD4 cell counts was significantly more rapid in the ATV/LPV/r arm (p=0.02), but comparable at week 48. CONCLUSIONS ATV/LPV/r had less virologic efficacy than the conventional RTI-based regimen and resulted in a high virological failure rate with low level replication.
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Treib J, Haass A, Koch D, Grauer M, Stoll M, Schimrigk K. Influence of blood pressure and cardiac output on cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in acute stroke measured by TCD. Eur J Neurol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stoll M, Ros K, Vogt C, Zwick T, Simhofer H, Castell J, Staszyk C, Gerlach K. Das Hemisphärenmodell – eine neue Bezeichnung der Projektionsrichtungen am Kopf des Pferdes in der Röntgendiagnostik. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2011. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nowak-Göttl U, Fiedler B, Huge A, Niederstadt T, Thedieck S, Seehafer T, Stoll M. Plasma glutathione peroxidase in pediatric stroke families. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:33-8. [PMID: 20946167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Promoter polymorphisms in the plasma glutathione peroxidase gene (GPX3), which encodes a major antioxidant enzyme implicated in post-translational modification of fibrinogen, have been implicated as risk factors for arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) in young adults. However, the contribution of these polymorphisms could not be confirmed by other studies. PATIENTS/METHODS The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of three haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) in GPX3 in a large family-based study sample comprising 268 nuclear families with different pediatric AIS subtypes, i.e. arteriopathy stroke (AS) and thromboembolic stroke (TS). In addition, an independent study sample comprising 154 nuclear families of pediatric CSVT was investigated. Single-point and haplotype association was assessed with the transmission disequilibrium test implemented in haploview. RESULTS Single-point analysis revealed that the G allele of htSNP rs8177412 was significantly overtransmitted to affected AS children (T/U = 25 : 11, χ(2) = 5.54, P = 0.019), but not to affected TS children (T/U = 49 : 40, χ(2) = 0.91, P = 0.34). The corresponding GG haplotype (H2: frequency 0.18) was also significantly overtransmitted to AS children (T/U = 23 : 11, χ(2) = 4.28, P= 0.03), but not to TS children or in children with CSVT. These results remained significant following 10,000 bootstrap permutations. Our findings indicate that genetic variants of GPX3 are risk factors for AS, but not for thromboembolic AIS or CSVT, in children. CONCLUSIONS Our results further highlight the need to analyze the contribution of genetic variants to pediatric AS, TS or CSVT separately, as these subcategories probably result from different combinations of risk-conferring and protective genetic variations.
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Forssmann WG, The YH, Stoll M, Adermann K, Albrecht U, Tillmann HC, Barlos K, Busmann A, Canales-Mayordomo A, Gimenez-Gallego G, Hirsch J, Jimenez-Barbero J, Meyer-Olson D, Munch J, Perez-Castells J, Standker L, Kirchhoff F, Schmidt RE. Short-Term Monotherapy in HIV-Infected Patients with a Virus Entry Inhibitor Against the gp41 Fusion Peptide. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:63re3. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zoufaly A, an der Heiden M, Kollan C, Bogner JR, Fätkenheuer G, Wasmuth JC, Stoll M, Hamouda O, van Lunzen J. Clinical outcome of HIV-infected patients with discordant virological and immunological response to antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2010; 203:364-71. [PMID: 21208929 DOI: 10.1093/jinfdis/jiq055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subgroup of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients with severe immunodeficiency show persistently low CD4+ cell counts despite sustained viral suppression. It is unclear whether this immuno-virological discordance translates into an increased risk for clinical events. METHODS Data analysis from a large multicenter cohort incorporating 14,433 HIV-1-infected patients in Germany. Treatment-naive patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4+ cell counts <200 cells/μL who achieved complete and sustained viral suppression <50 copies/mL (n = 1318) were stratified according to the duration of immuno-virological discordance (failure to achieve a CD4+ cell count ≥200 cells/μL). Groups were compared by descriptive and Poisson statistics. The time-varying discordance status was analyzed in a multivariable Cox model. RESULTS During a total of 5038 person years of follow-up, 42 new AIDS events occurred. The incidence rate of new AIDS events was highest in the initial 6 months of complete viral suppression (immuno-virological discordance group, 55.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30.82-90.82; and immune responder group, 24.54; 95% CI, 10.59-48.35) and decreased significantly by 65% per year in patients with immuno-virological discordance (incidence risk ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.92; P = .03). Immuno-virological discordance and prior AIDS diagnosis were independently associated with new AIDS events (hazard ratio, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.09-8.82; P = .03). CONCLUSION Compared with immune responders, patients with immuno-virological discordance seem to remain at increased risk for AIDS. Absolute risk is greatly reduced after the first 6 months of complete viral suppression.
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Seidel CF, Schinz H, Stoll M. Untersuchungen über Aromastoffe. 2. Mitteilung. Über das Erdbeeraroma. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.660410208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mohammad-Khani S, Otremba B, Klein R, Capelle HH, Logemann F, Bange FC, Schmidt RE, Stoll M. A fatal case of AIDS-defining meningoencephalitis by C. neoformans, sensitive to antifungal therapy. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15:504-6. [PMID: 21159575 PMCID: PMC3352659 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-11-504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of life threatening meningoencephalitis in HIV-infected patients. Diagnosis is based on tests for cryptoccocal antigen in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and on culture of the organism. We present a case of AIDS-related cryptococcal meningoencephalitis unresponsive to antifungal combination therapy, despite of evidence of fungal susceptibility in vitro. Significant decreases in cryptococcal antigen titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid did not correlate with progress in disease and fatal outcome.
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Farwick A, Wellmann J, Stoll M, Berger K. Kombination von genetischen Varianten erhöht das individuelle Schlaganfallrisiko. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wolf E, Blankenburg M, Bogner JR, Becker W, Gorriahn D, Mueller MC, Jaeger H, Welte R, Baudewig M, Walli R, Stoll M. Cost impact of prospective HLA-B*5701-screening prior to abacavir/lamivudine fixed dose combination use in Germany. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15:145-51. [PMID: 20554495 PMCID: PMC3400999 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-4-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Avoiding abacavir in HIV-infected patients tested positive for HLA-B*5701 reduces the risk of abacavir hypersensitivity reaction (ABC-HSR). Our aim was to assess the costs of clinically suspected HSR and to estimate potential cost savings of implementing prospective HLA-B*5701-screening for HIV-infected patients initiating abacavir/lamivudine fixed-dose combination (ABC/3TC FDC) compared to initiating respective treatment without screening. Methods Employing a decision tree model the expected HSR-related costs of screening vs. no screening were estimated from the societal and healthcare payer perspective (reference year 2007). A retrospective standardized assessment of all clinically suspected ABC-HSR cases without screening at 5 German HIV-centres was performed to measure resource consumption. In- and outpatient care, discarded ABC/3TC FDC and concomitant medication were considered. Direct resource utilization was valued using German fees (EBM, G-DRGs). Indirect costs were measured with the human capital approach. Estimates for the HLA-B*5701-prevalence, HSR-incidence, and hospitalization rate were based on clinical trials and cohorts and it was assumed that screening reduces the incidence of clinically suspected ABC-HSR from 10% to 0.5%. Results Thirty-two ABC-HSR cases were identified from 1998 to 2007. Mean direct and total costs per clinically suspected HSR case were € 1,362 and € 2,235, respectively. Hospital costs contributed 63.3% to direct costs. Potential cost savings when implementing genetic screening were estimated at € 44 and € 127 per screened patient, from a healthcare payer or societal perspective. Conclusion HLA-B*5701 screening prior to ABC/3TC FDC initiation prevents significant HSR-related costs per screened patient and is likely to lead to overall net savings.
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Pischke S, Ho H, Urbanek F, Meyer-Olsen D, Suneetha PV, Manns MP, Stoll M, Wedemeyer H. Hepatitis E in HIV-positive patients in a low-endemic country. J Viral Hepat 2010; 17:598-9. [PMID: 20002566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schmitz B, Schmidt-Petersen K, Brand E, Telgmann R, Nicaud V, Hagedorn C, Labreuche J, Dördelmann C, Elbaz A, Gautier-Bertrand M, Fischer J, Evans A, Morrison C, Arveiler D, Stoll M, Amarenco P, Cambien F, Paul M, Brand-Herrmann SM. P391 OSTEOPONTIN GENE VARIATION AND CARDIO/CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE PHENOTYPES. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ernst D, Bange FC, Rana A, Baerlecken N, Puls F, Schmidt R, Stoll M. Tuberkulosereaktivierung mit Mycobacterium-bovis-Infektion der Mundschleimhaut unter Immunsuppression. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2010; 135:1179-81. [PMID: 20514598 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stellbrink HJ, Baldus S, Behrens G, Bogner JR, Harrer T, Hoffmann C, van Lunzen J, Münch J, Racz P, Scheller C, Stoll M, Tenner-Racz K, Rockstroh J. HIV-induced immune activation: pathogenesis and clinical relevance - summary of a workshop organized by the German AIDS Society (DAIG e.v.) and the ICH Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, November 22, 2008. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15:1-12. [PMID: 20159665 PMCID: PMC3351841 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript is communicated by the German AIDS Society (DAIG) http://www.daignet.de. It summarizes a series of presentations and discussions during a workshop on immune activation due to HIV infection. The workshop was held on November 22nd 2008 in Hamburg, Germany. It was organized by the ICH Hamburg under the auspices of the German AIDS Society (DAIG e.V.).
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Stoll W, Stoll M. Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen nach den neuen „Versorgungsmedizinischen Grundsätzen”. Laryngorhinootologie 2010; 89:204-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Patsenker E, Wissniowski TT, Millonig G, Mueller S, Seitz HK, Stoll M, Ocker M, Stickel F. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 expression modulates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis: Role of Acetaldehyde. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Farwick A, Dasch B, Weber BHF, Pauleikhoff D, Stoll M, Hense HW. Variations in five genes and the severity of age-related macular degeneration: results from the Muenster aging and retina study. Eye (Lond) 2009; 23:2238-44. [PMID: 19169232 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Little is known about the role of genetic variants in the early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to investigate how genetic variations within five well-defined genes relate to AMD severity. METHODS We analysed SNPs in the genes for complement factor H (CFH), age-related maculopathy susceptibility (ARMS2), HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HtrA1), complement factor B (CFB), and complement component 2 (C2)in 183 controls and 730 patients with increasing severity of AMD from the Muenster aging and retina study (MARS). Severity scoring was based on the Rotterdam classification of fundus photographs. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with very early AMD showed a significantly increased minor allele frequency (MAF) only for CFH-rs1061170. With increasing severity of AMD, SNPs in CFH-rs1061170,as well as ARMS2-rs10490924, became consistently more common (P<0.001). Likewise, HtrA1-rs11200638 was less clearly associated with AMD severity, whereas C2-rs9332739 and CFB-rs641153 showed no relation. Multifactorial models confirmed CFH and ARMS2 as major determinants of AMD severity, whereas addition of HtrA1, C2 and CFB did not improve model prediction. In the models, age did not contribute to very early but to all more severe AMD stages, whereas smoking history had a significant impact only for late AMD. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the CFH gene is involved in the onset of AMD, whereas both, the CFH and ARMS2 genes, and more weakly, the HtrA1 gene, appear to account for the advancement of AMD. The results for SNPs in the C2 and CFB genes were inconclusive. Genetic factors dominated in their impact over age and smoking history.
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Baerlecken N, Jacobs R, Stoll M, Schmidt R, Witte T. Recurrent, MultifocalMycobacterium avium‐intercellulareInfection in a Patient with Interferon‐γ Autoantibody. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:e76-8. [DOI: 10.1086/605581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Kerner J, Minkler P, Stoll M, Hoppel C. Fatty acid beta oxidation is the source of malonyl‐CoA for fatty acid chain elongation in rat heart. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.793.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wendt N, Schulz A, Qadri F, Bolbrinker J, Kossmehl P, Winkler K, Stoll M, Vetter R, Kreutz R. Genetic analysis of salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl rats reveals a link between cardiac fibrosis and high cholesterol. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:618-26. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Greil R, Moik M, Reitsamer R, Ressler S, Stoll M, Namberger K, Menzel C, Mlineritsch B. Efficacy of neoadjuvant bevacizumab (Av), capecitabine (X), and docetaxel (T) for invasive breast cancer (BC): Phase II result. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kurnik K, Krümpel A, Stoll M, Nowak-Göttl U. Thrombophilia in the young. Hamostaseologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1616930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a rare disease that is being increasingly diagnosed and recognized in paediatrics in the past decade, usually as a secondary complication of primary severe underlying diseases. Apart from acquired thrombophilic risk factors, such as lupus anticoagulants, inherited thrombophilias (IT) have been established as risk factors for venous thromboembolic events in adults. In children with idiopathic VTE and in paediatric populations in which thromboses were associated with underlying medical diseases, IT have been described as additional prothrombotic risk factors. Follow-up data for VTE recurrence in children are available and suggest a recurrence rate of approximately 3% in neonates and 8% in other children. Here we present a review of the impact of IT on early onset of VTE and recurrence in children. Statistically significant associations between the IT traits investigated, e.g. factor V G1691A, factor II G20210A, protein C-, protein S-, antithrombin deficiency, elevated lipoprotein (a), combined IT and VTE onset were reported. In addition, statistically significant associations with recurrent VTE were calculated for protein S-, antithrombin-deficiency, and the factor II variant and combined IT. The absolute risk increase for VTE recurrence associated with IT ranged from 9.8 % for children carrying the factor II variant to 26% and 29% in children with combined IT and protein S-deficiency, respectively. Data obtained gave evidence that the detection of IT is clinically meaningful in children with VTE and underlines the importance of a paediatric thrombophilia screening program. Based on these data treatment algorithms have to be discussed.
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