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Gschwendtner S, Leberecht M, Engel M, Kublik S, Dannenmann M, Polle A, Schloter M. Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Microbial Community Structure at the Plant-Soil Interface of Young Beech Trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) Grown at Two Sites with Contrasting Climatic Conditions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:867-878. [PMID: 25370887 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial community responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) occur mainly indirectly via CO2-induced plant growth stimulation leading to quantitative as well as qualitative changes in rhizodeposition and plant litter. In order to gain insight into short-term, site-specific effects of eCO2 on the microbial community structure at the plant-soil interface, young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from two opposing mountainous slopes with contrasting climatic conditions were incubated under ambient (360 ppm) CO2 concentrations in a greenhouse. One week before harvest, half of the trees were incubated for 2 days under eCO2 (1,100 ppm) conditions. Shifts in the microbial community structure in the adhering soil as well as in the root rhizosphere complex (RRC) were investigated via TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Multivariate analysis of the community profiles showed clear changes of microbial community structure between plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 mainly in RRC. Both TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing showed a significant decrease in the microbial diversity and evenness as a response of CO2 enrichment. While Alphaproteobacteria dominated by Rhizobiales decreased at eCO2, Betaproteobacteria, mainly Burkholderiales, remained unaffected. In contrast, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria, predominated by Pseudomonadales and Myxococcales, respectively, increased at eCO2. Members of the order Actinomycetales increased, whereas within the phylum Acidobacteria subgroup Gp1 decreased, and the subgroups Gp4 and Gp6 increased under atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Moreover, Planctomycetes and Firmicutes, mainly members of Bacilli, increased under eCO2. Overall, the effect intensity of eCO2 on soil microbial communities was dependent on the distance to the roots. This effect was consistent for all trees under investigation; a site-specific effect of eCO2 in response to the origin of the trees was not observed.
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Van Tuijl SG, Van Cauteren YJ, Pikhard T, Engel M, Schieveld JN. Management of pediatric delirium in critical illness: a practical update. Minerva Anestesiol 2015; 81:333-341. [PMID: 24762705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric delirium (PD) is an acute state of brain dysfunction and is often seen in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). There is a growing awareness of its clinical interdisciplinary importance. The aim of this article was to describe the three clinical presentations, to evaluate the differential diagnosis and to give a concise and practical update for the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of PD at the PICU, based on recent literature and expert opinions. We discuss an interdisciplinary flow chart which helps the reader dealing with the diagnosis and management of any acute emotional and or behavioral disturbance, of which PD is a special case.
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Schmidt O, Halpin D, Bateman E, Paggiaro P, Bleecker E, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Schmidt H, Kerstjens H. Once-daily tiotropium Respimat add-on to at least ICS maintenance therapy reduces exacerbation risk in patients with uncontrolled symptomatic asthma. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schmidt O, FitzGerald JM, Kerstjens H, Paggiaro P, Ohta K, Ichinose M, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Engel M, Schmidt H, Bateman E. Once-daily tiotropium Respimat add-on to ICS ± LABA improves control across asthma severities. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schmidt O, Ohta K, Ichinose M, Tohda Y, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Kunimitsu S, Sakamoto W, Adachi M. Once-daily tiotropium Respimat® is well tolerated and efficacious over 52 weeks in Japanese patients with symptomatic asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)± long-acting β2-agonist (LABA): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dusser D, Devillier P, Buhl R, Castro M, Kerstjens H, Paggiaro P, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Unseld A, Bateman E. Tolérance du tiotropium Respimat en traitement additionnel d’un traitement continu par CSI±LABA chez des patients adultes ayant un asthme symptomatique : analyse des données groupées. Rev Mal Respir 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.10.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Devillier P, Dusser D, Halpin D, Bateman E, Paggiaro P, Bleecker E, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Schmidt H, Kerstjens H. Le tiotropium Respimat en traitement bronchodilatateur additionnel d’un traitement de fond par CSI±LABA réduit le risque d’exacerbation chez les patients asthmatiques adultes non contrôlés. Rev Mal Respir 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.10.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Paggiaro P, Halpin D, Buhl R, Engel M, Zubek V, Blahova Z, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Pizzichini E. P260 Tiotropium Respimat(R) Add-on To Inhaled Corticosteroids Improves Lung Function In Patients With Symptomatic Mild Asthma: Results From A Phase Iii Trial. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dahl R, Doherty D, Corren J, Karpel J, Kerstjens H, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Schmidt H, Hashimoto S. P230 Once-daily Tiotropium Respimat(R) Improves Lung Function In Patients With Severe Symptomatic Asthma Independent Of Leukotriene Modifier Use. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang WH, Casale T, Bateman ED, Dahl R, Pizzichini E, Vandewalker M, Virchow JC, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf PM, Schmidt H, Kerstjens HAM. Tiotropium respimat® add-on therapy reduces airflow obstruction in patients with symptomatic moderate asthma, independent of TH2 inflammatory status. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2014. [PMCID: PMC4304131 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-10-s2-a52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Price D, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Schmidt H, Dahl R, Paggiaro P, Vandewalker M, Kerstjens H, Kaplan A. S91 Once-daily tiotropium Respimat(R) add-on to ICS + LABA improves symptom control and reduces exacerbations in patients with symptomatic asthma. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dahl R, Casale T, Pizzichini E, Vandewalker M, Virchow J, Engel M, Sigmund R, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Kerstjens H. P229 Once-daily Tiotropium Respimat(R) As Add-on To At Least Medium- To High-dose Ics, With Or Without Laba, Improves Lung Function In Patients With Symptomatic Asthma, Independent Of Allergic Status. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Haughney J, Vandewalker M, Meltzer E, Paggiaro P, Engel M, Unseld A, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Kerstjens H. P231 Once-daily Tiotropium Respimat(R): Safety And Tolerability Results From Five Phase Iii Trials In Adults With Symptomatic Asthma. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Halpin D, Paggiaro P, Bleecker E, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Schmidt H, Kerstjens H. P255 Once-daily Tiotropium Respimat(R) Add-on To At Least Ics Maintenance Therapy Reduces Exacerbation Risk In Patients With Uncontrolled Symptomatic Asthma. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Price D, Bateman E, Paggiaro P, Kaplan A, Engel M, Schmidt H, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Kerstjens H. S92 Efficacy Of Once-daily Tiotropium Respimat(R) 5 g From Five Phase Iii Trials In Adults With Symptomatic Asthma. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Engel M, Hoffmann J, Castrillon-Oberndorfer G, Freudlsperger C. The value of three-dimensional printing modelling for surgical correction of orbital hypertelorism. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 19:91-5. [PMID: 25249178 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-014-0466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Orbital hypertelorism is defined as an increased distance between both medial and lateral sides of the orbits. Most common causes are frontonasal malformations, craniofacial fissures, encephalocele and a miscellaneous group of various syndromic or chromosomal disorders. Surgical correction of orbital hypertelorism is still challenging. The present report describes a case of severe orbital hypertelorism of an 11-year-old boy, where surgical correction was planned using three-dimensional printing modelling. This approach allowed reducing time of surgery, accurately planning the location of the osteotomies and precontouring the osteosynthesis material. Three-dimensional models are very helpful tools in planning complex craniofacial operative procedures.
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Walker A, Pfitzner B, Neschen S, Kahle M, Harir M, Lucio M, Moritz F, Tziotis D, Witting M, Rothballer M, Engel M, Schmid M, Endesfelder D, Klingenspor M, Rattei T, Castell WZ, de Angelis MH, Hartmann A, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Distinct signatures of host-microbial meta-metabolome and gut microbiome in two C57BL/6 strains under high-fat diet. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:2380-96. [PMID: 24906017 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A combinatory approach using metabolomics and gut microbiome analysis techniques was performed to unravel the nature and specificity of metabolic profiles related to gut ecology in obesity. This study focused on gut and liver metabolomics of two different mouse strains, the C57BL/6J (C57J) and the C57BL/6N (C57N) fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks, causing diet-induced obesity in C57N, but not in C57J mice. Furthermore, a 16S-ribosomal RNA comparative sequence analysis using 454 pyrosequencing detected significant differences between the microbiome of the two strains on phylum level for Firmicutes, Deferribacteres and Proteobacteria that propose an essential role of the microbiome in obesity susceptibility. Gut microbial and liver metabolomics were followed by a combinatory approach using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography time of tlight MS/MS with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, revealing distinctive host and microbial metabolome patterns between the C57J and the C57N strain. Many taurine-conjugated bile acids (TBAs) were significantly elevated in the cecum and decreased in liver samples from the C57J phenotype likely displaying different energy utilization behavior by the bacterial community and the host. Furthermore, several metabolite groups could specifically be associated with the C57N phenotype involving fatty acids, eicosanoids and urobilinoids. The mass differences based metabolite network approach enabled to extend the range of known metabolites to important bile acids (BAs) and novel taurine conjugates specific for both strains. In summary, our study showed clear alterations of the metabolome in the gastrointestinal tract and liver within a HFD-induced obesity mouse model in relation to the host-microbial nutritional adaptation.
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Wallisch S, Gril T, Dong X, Welzl G, Bruns C, Heath E, Engel M, Suhadolc M, Schloter M. Effects of different compost amendments on the abundance and composition of alkB harboring bacterial communities in a soil under industrial use contaminated with hydrocarbons. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:96. [PMID: 24659987 PMCID: PMC3952045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkane degrading microorganisms play an important role for the bioremediation of petrogenic contaminated environments. In this study, we investigated the effects of compost addition on the abundance and diversity of bacteria harboring the alkane monooxygenase gene (alkB) in an oil-contaminated soil originated from an industrial zone in Celje, Slovenia (Technosol). Soil without any amendments (control soil) and soil amended with two composts differing in their maturation stage and nutrient availability, were incubated under controlled conditions in a microcosm experiment and sampled after 0, 6, 12, and 36 weeks of incubation. As expected the addition of compost stimulated the degradation of alkanes in the investigated soil shortly after the addition. By using quantitative real-time PCR higher number of alkB genes were detected in soil samples amended with compost compared to the control soils. To get an insight into the composition of alkB harboring microbial communities, we performed next generation sequencing of amplicons of alkB gene fragment. Richness and diversity of alkB gene harboring prokaryotes was higher in soil mixed with compost compared to control soils with stronger effects of the less maturated, nutrient poor compost. The phylogenetic analysis of communities suggested that the addition of compost stimulated the abundance of alkB harboring Actinobacteria during the experiment independent from the maturation stage of the compost. AlkB harboring γ-proteobacteria like Shewanella or Hydrocarboniphaga as well as α-proteobacteria of the genus Agrobacterium responded also positively to the addition of compost to soil. The amendment of the less maturated, nutrient poor compost resulted in addition in a large increase of alkB harboring bacteria of the Cytophaga group (Microscilla) mainly at the early sampling time points. Our data indicates that compost amendments significantly change abundance and diversity pattern of alkB harboring microbes in Technosol and might be a useful agent to stimulate bioremediation of hydrocarbons in contaminated soils.
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Schmidt O, Kerstjens HAM, Bleecker E, Meltzer E, Casale T, Pizzichini E, Engel M, Bour LJ, Verkleij CB, Moroni-Zentgraf PM, Bateman ED. Tiotropium as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids for patients with symptomatic asthma: lung function and safety. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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70
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Beck E, Kerstjens HAM, Tashkin DP, Engel M, Dahl R, Paggiaro P, Vandewalker M, Seibold W, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Schmidt H, Bateman ED. Tiotropium decreases the risk of exacerbations in patients with symptomatic asthma regardless of baseline characteristics. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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71
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Schmidt O, Kerstjens HAM, Bleecker E, Meltzer E, Casale T, Pizzichini E, Engel M, Bour LJ, Verkleij CB, Moroni-Zentgraf PM, Bateman ED. Tiotropium as add-on to inhaled corticosteroids significantly improves asthma control as reflected by the ACQ responder rate. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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72
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Haesler F, Hagn A, Engel M, Schloter M. Impact of elevated atmospheric O3 on the actinobacterial community structure and function in the rhizosphere of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Front Microbiol 2014; 5:36. [PMID: 24575080 PMCID: PMC3920289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria belonging to the phylum of Actinobacteria are known as antagonists against phytpathogenic microbes. This study aimed to analyze the effect of ozone on the actinobacterial community of the rhizosphere of four years old European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees during different time points of the vegetation period. Effects of ozone on the total community structure of Actinobacteria were studied based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. In addition effects of the ozone treatment on the diversity of potential biocontrol active Actionobacteria being able to produce antibiotics were characterized by using the type II polyketide synthases (PKS) genes as marker. Season as well as ozone treatments had a significant effect on parts of the actinobacterial rhizosphere community of European beech. However on the basis of the performed analysis, the diversity of Actinobacteria possessing type II PKS genes is neither affected by seasonal changes nor by the ozone treatments, indicating no influence of the investigated treatments on the biocontrol active part of the actinobacterial community.
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Kerstjens H, Devillier P, Bleecker E, Meltzer E, Casale T, Pizzichini E, Schmidt O, Engel M, Bour L, Verleij C, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Bateman E. Le tiotropium en association aux corticostéroïdes inhalés (CSI) chez des patients présentant un asthme symptomatique : fonction pulmonaire et tolérance. Rev Mal Respir 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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74
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Fuka MM, Wallisch S, Engel M, Welzl G, Havranek J, Schloter M. Dynamics of bacterial communities during the ripening process of different Croatian cheese types derived from raw ewe's milk cheeses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80734. [PMID: 24278315 PMCID: PMC3835732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities play an important role in cheese ripening and determine the flavor and taste of different cheese types to a large extent. However, under adverse conditions human pathogens may colonize cheese samples during ripening and may thus cause severe outbreaks of diarrhoea and other diseases. Therefore in the present study we investigated the bacterial community structure of three raw ewe's milk cheese types, which are produced without the application of starter cultures during ripening from two production sites based on fingerprinting in combination with next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Overall a surprisingly high diversity was found in the analyzed samples and overall up to 213 OTU97 could be assigned. 20 of the major OTUs were present in all samples and include mostly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), mainly Lactococcus, and Enterococcus species. Abundance and diversity of these genera differed to a large extent between the 3 investigated cheese types and in response to the ripening process. Also a large number of non LAB genera could be identified based on phylogenetic alignments including mainly Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcacae. Some species belonging to these two families could be clearly assigned to species which are known as potential human pathogens like Staphylococcus saprophyticus or Salmonella spp. However, during cheese ripening their abundance was reduced. The bacterial genera, namely Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Bifidobacterium, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, Thermoanerobacterium, E. coli, Hafnia, Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium, Petrotoga, Kosmotoga, Megasphaera, Macrococcus, Mannheimia, Aerococcus, Vagococcus, Weissella and Pediococcus were identified at a relative low level and only in selected samples. Overall the microbial composition of the used milk and the management of the production units determined the bacterial community composition for all cheese types to a large extend, also at the late time points of cheese ripening.
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Halpin DMG, Bateman ED, Tashkin DP, Engel M, Dahl R, Paggiaro P, Beck E, Vandewalker M, Seibold W, Moroni-Zentgraf P, Schmidt H, Kerstjens HAM. P163 Tiotropium decreases the risk of exacerbations in patients with symptomatic asthma regardless of baseline characteristics including markers of allergic status. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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