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Synofzik M, Haack T, Kopajtich R, Gorza M, Rapaport D, Greiner M, Schönfeld C, Freiberg C, Schorr S, Holl R, Gonzalez M, Fritsche A, Fallier-Becker P, Zimmermann R, Strom T, Meitinger T, Züchner S, Schüle R, Schöls L, Prokisch H. Absence of BiP co-chaperone DNAJC3 causes diabetes mellitus and multisystemic neurodegeneration. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:689-97. [PMID: 25466870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration are common diseases for which shared genetic factors are still only partly known. Here, we show that loss of the BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) co-chaperone DNAJC3 leads to diabetes mellitus and widespread neurodegeneration. We investigated three siblings with juvenile-onset diabetes and central and peripheral neurodegeneration, including ataxia, upper-motor-neuron damage, peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, and cerebral atrophy. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous stop mutation in DNAJC3. Screening of a diabetes database with 226,194 individuals yielded eight phenotypically similar individuals and one family carrying a homozygous DNAJC3 deletion. DNAJC3 was absent in fibroblasts from all affected subjects in both families. To delineate the phenotypic and mutational spectrum and the genetic variability of DNAJC3, we analyzed 8,603 exomes, including 506 from families affected by diabetes, ataxia, upper-motor-neuron damage, peripheral neuropathy, or hearing loss. This analysis revealed only one further loss-of-function allele in DNAJC3 and no further associations in subjects with only a subset of the features of the main phenotype. Our findings demonstrate that loss-of-function DNAJC3 mutations lead to a monogenic, recessive form of diabetes mellitus in humans. Moreover, they present a common denominator for diabetes and widespread neurodegeneration. This complements findings from mice in which knockout of Dnajc3 leads to diabetes and modifies disease in a neurodegenerative model of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome.
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Takacs ZF, Solomayer EF, Schick B, Zimmermann R, Greiner M, Bohle RM, Linxweiler M. Identifikation von SEC62 als EMT induzierendes Onkogen der 3q Region in präkanzerösen Läsionen der Zervix. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Linxweiler J, Kollipara L, Zahedi RP, Lampel P, Zimmermann R, Greiner M. Proteomic insights into non-small cell lung cancer: New ideas for cancer diagnosis and therapy from a functional viewpoint. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Schorr S, Linxweiler M, Greiner M, Jung M, Cavalie A, Zimmermann R. Sec62 as a novel gating modulator for protein translocation and ion permeability of the mammalian Sec61 complex (LB196). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.lb196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dudek J, Lang S, Schorr S, Linxweiler J, Greiner M, Zimmermann R. Analysis of protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum of human cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1033:285-99. [PMID: 23996184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-487-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene-silencing strategies has made it possible to study the transport of precursors of soluble and membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of human cells. In these approaches, a certain target gene is silenced in the cell type of choice, followed by analysis of the effect of this silencing on the biogenesis of a single or set of precursor polypeptide(s) in cell culture or in cell-free assays involving semi-permeabilized cells and in vitro translations systems. These approaches allow for functional analysis of components of the ER-resident protein transport machinery as well as the elucidation of their potential cell-type variations and regulatory mechanisms. The gene-silencing and subsequent plasmid-based complementation carries the additional benefit of facilitating analysis of the consequences of disease-linked mutations in ER transport components.
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Linxweiler M, Schorr S, Schäuble N, Jung M, Linxweiler J, Langer F, Schäfers HJ, Cavalié A, Zimmermann R, Greiner M. Targeting cell migration and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response with calmodulin antagonists: a clinically tested small molecule phenocopy of SEC62 gene silencing in human tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:574. [PMID: 24304694 PMCID: PMC3878975 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells benefit from their ability to avoid apoptosis and invade other tissues. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein Sec62 is a key player in these processes. Sec62 is essential for cell migration and protects tumor cells against thapsigargin-induced ER stress, which are both linked to cytosolic Ca2+. SEC62 silencing leads to elevated cytosolic Ca2+ and increased ER Ca2+ leakage after thapsigargin treatment. Sec62 protein levels are significantly increased in different tumors, including prostate, lung and thyroid cancer. Methods In lung cancer, the influence of Sec62 protein levels on patient survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. To elucidate the underlying pathophysiological functions of Sec62, Ca2+ imaging techniques, real-time cell analysis and cell migration assays were performed. The effects of treatment with the calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP) and ophiobolin A, on cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, cell growth and cell migration were compared with the effects of siRNA-mediated Sec62 depletion or the expression of a mutated SEC62 variant in vitro. Using Biacore analysis we examined the Ca2+-sensitive interaction of Sec62 with the Sec61 complex. Results Sec62 overproduction significantly correlated with reduced patient survival. Therefore, Sec62 is not only a predictive marker for this type of tumor, but also an interesting therapeutic target. The present study suggests a regulatory function for Sec62 in the major Ca2+ leakage channel in the ER, Sec61, by a direct and Ca2+-sensitive interaction. A Ca2+-binding motif in Sec62 is essential for its molecular function. Treatment of cells with calmodulin antagonists mimicked Sec62 depletion by inhibiting cell migration and rendering the cells sensitive to thapsigargin treatment. Conclusions Targeting tumors that overproduce Sec62 with calmodulin antagonists in combination with targeted thapsigargin analogues may offer novel personalized therapeutic options.
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Ampofo E, Welker S, Jung M, Müller L, Greiner M, Zimmermann R, Montenarh M. CK2 phosphorylation of human Sec63 regulates its interaction with Sec62. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2938-45. [PMID: 23287549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase CK2 is a pleiotropic enzyme which is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells. Several years ago CK2 was found to be associated with the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum. So far nothing is known about the function of CK2 at the ER. METHODS CK2 phosphorylation sites in the polypeptide chain of Sec63 were mapped using deletion mutants and a peptide library. Binding of Sec63 to CK2 and to Sec62 was analyzed by pull-down assays and by co-immunoprecipitation RESULTS Sec63 was identified as a novel substrate and binding partner of protein kinase CK2. We identified serine 574, serine 576 and serine 748 as CK2 phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of Sec63 by CK2 enhanced its binding to Sec62. CONCLUSIONS Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylation of Sec63 leads to an enhanced binding of Sec63 to Sec62. This complex formation is a prerequisite for a functional ER protein translocon. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Thus, our present data indicate a regulatory role of CK2 in the ER protein translocation.
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Andresen G, Rasmussen M, Rodriguez R, Becker S, Greiner M. Fundamental Properties of and Transition to a Fully Renewable Pan-European Power System. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123304001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Doherr M, Calavas D, Cameron A, Dufour B, Greiner M, Gustafson L, Hoinville L, Knopf L, Roger F, Stärk K, Salman M. First international conference on animal health surveillance (ICAHS). Prev Vet Med 2012; 105:165-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abernethy D, Menzies F, McCullough S, McDowell S, Burns K, Watt R, Gordon A, Greiner M, Pfeiffer D. Field trial of six serological tests for bovine brucellosis. Vet J 2012; 191:364-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Greiner M, Dadon M, Lemasle P, Cluzel P. How Does the Pathophysiology Influence the Treatment of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome and is the Result Long-lasting? Phlebology 2012; 27 Suppl 1:58-64. [DOI: 10.1258/phleb.2011.012s07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to consider the influence of pathophysiology in the treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) and to determine the criteria which impact on the long-term results. A classification of venous pathology including three types of pathophysiological conditions, independent of the location of the pelvic venous pathology, is developed and illustrated. These types, diagnosed by cross-sectional imaging and confirmed by phlebography, are associated with a specific therapeutic plan. The long-term results are dependent on the quality of the initial Phlebographic mapping that must be selective and complete, the angiographic findings, in particular the study of collaterals feeding the venous anomalies, the treatment of all venous anomalies, the respect of contraindications, the use of appropriate materials and the occurrence of new pregnancies. In conclusion, the feasibility and satisfactory short-term results of endovascular treatment of PCS are admitted. Questions remain regarding the effectiveness of the different embolic agents and the long-term results of this treatment.
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Lang S, Benedix J, Fedeles SV, Schorr S, Schirra C, Schäuble N, Jalal C, Greiner M, Hassdenteufel S, Tatzelt J, Kreutzer B, Edelmann L, Krause E, Rettig J, Somlo S, Zimmermann R, Dudek J. Different effects of Sec61α, Sec62 and Sec63 depletion on transport of polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1958-69. [PMID: 22375059 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.096727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-translational transport of polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involves the Sec61 channel and additional components such as the ER lumenal Hsp70 BiP and its membrane-resident co-chaperone Sec63p in yeast. We investigated whether silencing the SEC61A1 gene in human cells affects co- and post-translational transport of presecretory proteins into the ER and post-translational membrane integration of tail-anchored proteins. Although silencing the SEC61A1 gene in HeLa cells inhibited co- and post-translational transport of signal-peptide-containing precursor proteins into the ER of semi-permeabilized cells, silencing the SEC61A1 gene did not affect transport of various types of tail-anchored protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated, with a similar knockdown approach, a precursor-specific involvement of mammalian Sec63 in the initial phase of co-translational protein transport into the ER. By contrast, silencing the SEC62 gene inhibited only post-translational transport of a signal-peptide-containing precursor protein.
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Bakr WS, Preiss PM, Tai ME, Ma R, Simon J, Greiner M. Orbital excitation blockade and algorithmic cooling in quantum gases. Nature 2011; 480:500-3. [PMID: 22193104 DOI: 10.1038/nature10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interaction blockade occurs when strong interactions in a confined, few-body system prevent a particle from occupying an otherwise accessible quantum state. Blockade phenomena reveal the underlying granular nature of quantum systems and allow for the detection and manipulation of the constituent particles, be they electrons, spins, atoms or photons. Applications include single-electron transistors based on electronic Coulomb blockade and quantum logic gates in Rydberg atoms. Here we report a form of interaction blockade that occurs when transferring ultracold atoms between orbitals in an optical lattice. We call this orbital excitation blockade (OEB). In this system, atoms at the same lattice site undergo coherent collisions described by a contact interaction whose strength depends strongly on the orbital wavefunctions of the atoms. We induce coherent orbital excitations by modulating the lattice depth, and observe staircase-like excitation behaviour as we cross the interaction-split resonances by tuning the modulation frequency. As an application of OEB, we demonstrate algorithmic cooling of quantum gases: a sequence of reversible OEB-based quantum operations isolates the entropy in one part of the system and then an irreversible step removes the entropy from the gas. This technique may make it possible to cool quantum gases to have the ultralow entropies required for quantum simulation of strongly correlated electron systems. In addition, the close analogy between OEB and dipole blockade in Rydberg atoms provides a plan for the implementation of two-quantum-bit gates in a quantum computing architecture with natural scalability.
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Linxweiler M, Linxweiler J, Barth M, Benedix J, Jung V, Kim YJ, Bohle RM, Zimmermann R, Greiner M. Sec62 bridges the gap from 3q amplification to molecular cell biology in non-small cell lung cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:473-83. [PMID: 22197383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular carcinogenesis of lung cancer has yet to be clearly elucidated. We investigated the possible oncogenic function of SEC62 in lung cancer, which was predicted based on our previous findings that lung and thyroid cancer tissue samples exhibited increased Sec62 protein levels. The SEC62 gene locus is at 3q26.2, and 3q amplification is reportedly the most common genomic alteration in non-small cell lung cancer. We analyzed SEC62 mRNA and protein levels in tissue samples from lung cancer patients by real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, and IHC and found significantly increased SEC62 mRNA and protein levels in tumors compared with tumor-free tissue samples from the same patients. Correlation analyses revealed significantly higher Sec62 levels in tumors with lymph node metastases compared with nonmetastatic tumors, as well as in poorly compared with moderately differentiated tumors. On the basis of these promising results, we examined the role of Sec62 in cancer cell biology in vitro. Cell migration assays with lung and thyroid cancer cells showed distinct stimulation of migration in SEC62-overexpressing cells and inhibition of migration in Sec62-depleted cells. Moreover, we found that SEC62 silencing sensitized the cells to thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, our results indicate that SEC62 represents a potential candidate oncogene in the amplified 3q region in cases of non-small cell lung cancer and harbors various functions in cancer cell biology.
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Ma R, Tai ME, Preiss PM, Bakr WS, Simon J, Greiner M. Photon-assisted tunneling in a biased strongly correlated Bose gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:095301. [PMID: 21929250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.095301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of coherently generated lattice photons on an atomic Mott insulator subjected to a uniform force. Analogous to an array of tunnel-coupled and biased quantum dots, we observe sharp, interaction-shifted photon-assisted tunneling resonances corresponding to tunneling one and two lattice sites either with or against the force and resolve multiorbital shifts of these resonances. By driving a Landau-Zener sweep across such a resonance, we realize a quantum phase transition between a paramagnet and an antiferromagnet and observe quench dynamics when the system is tuned to the critical point. Direct extensions will produce gauge fields and site-resolved spin flips, for topological physics and quantum computing.
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Brachmann JFS, Bakr WS, Gillen J, Peng A, Greiner M. Inducing vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate using holographically produced light beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:12984-12991. [PMID: 21747450 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.012984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate a technique that can create non-equilibrium vortex configurations with almost arbitrary charge and geometry in a Bose-Einstein condensate. We coherently transfer orbital angular momentum from a holographically generated light beam to a 87Rb condensate using a two-photon stimulated Raman process. Using matter wave interferometry, we verify the phase pattern imprinted onto the atomic wave function for a single vortex and a vortex-antivortex pair. In addition to their phase winding, the vortices created with this technique have an associated hyperfine spin texture.
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Greiner M, Kreutzer B, Lang S, Jung V, Cavalié A, Unteregger G, Zimmermann R, Wullich B. Sec62 protein level is crucial for the ER stress tolerance of prostate cancer. Prostate 2011; 71:1074-83. [PMID: 21557272 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that over-expression of the SEC62 gene is a widespread phenomenon in prostate cancer. Since the use of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing substances such as thapsigargin in prostate cancer therapy is widely discussed in the literature, we investigated the influence of Sec62 protein content on the cellular response to these drugs. METHODS Growth effects were analyzed by real-time cell analysis and viability tests in DU145-cells representing an increased SEC62 expression or PC3- and LNCaP-cells representing a similar SEC62 expression compared to non-tumor cells. Ca(2+) -imaging in an established HeLa-system with fluorescent dye was used to study molecular effects of Sec62 depletion. RESULTS We found a lower propensity toward apoptotic cell death after thapsigargin treatment for DU145 cells compared to PC3 or LNCaP and siRNA-mediated silencing of SEC62 resulted in a reduced viability of thapsigargin-treated PC3 cells, indicating that Sec62 functions in cellular stress response. Measurement of cytosolic [Ca(2+) ] demonstrated the influence of Sec62 on the cellular response to thapsigargin on a molecular level. Using real-time cell analysis, we observed the loss of androgen stimulation of LNCaP cells in the presence of thapsigargin, and an additional negative effect on cell growth of Sec62 depletion. Also, for PC3- and DU145-cells Sec62 depletion inhibited growth after thapsigargin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a crucial function of Sec62 in the response to thapsigargin-induced ER stress. This will be of great significance on the background of elevated Sec62 protein levels in prostate cancer cells when treatment with thapsigargin analogs is considered.
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Greiner M, Kreutzer B, Jung V, Grobholz R, Hasenfus A, Stöhr RF, Tornillo L, Dudek J, Stöckle M, Unteregger G, Kamradt J, Wullich B, Zimmermann R. Silencing of the SEC62 gene inhibits migratory and invasive potential of various tumor cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:2284-95. [PMID: 20669223 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sec62 is part of the protein translocation apparatus in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In yeast, Sec62 participates in the post-translational translocation of proteins into the ER, but its function in mammals remains elusive. Previously we described the amplification and over-expression of the SEC62 gene in prostate cancer cell lines and the protein has been described as a potential target gene in prostate cancer. In the current study we show that in the tumor tissue of prostate cancer patients Sec62 protein levels are elevated compared with tumor-free tissue derived from the same patients or from prostates of control group patients and that the higher Sec62 protein content correlates with an increasing de-differentiation of the cells. Therefore, up-regulation of Sec62 protein content indeed is a phenomenon associated with prostate cancer progression. Analysis of a multi-tissue tumor array showed that in addition to prostate cancer, overproduction of Sec62 is observed in various other tumors, most significantly in tumors of the lung and the thyroid. To examine the tumor-related functions of Sec62, we silenced the SEC62 gene in the prostate cancer cell-line PC3 as well as in a set of other tumor cell-lines with two different siRNAs. In general, after silencing of SEC62 the cell migration and the invasive potential of the cells was blocked or at least dramatically reduced while cell viability was hardly affected. Thus, the SEC62 gene may indeed be considered as a target gene in the therapy of various tumors.
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Kitagawa T, Aspect A, Greiner M, Demler E. Phase-sensitive measurements of order parameters for ultracold atoms through two-particle interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:115302. [PMID: 21469872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nontrivial symmetry of order parameters is crucial in some of the most interesting quantum many-body states of ultracold atoms as well as condensed matter systems. Examples in cold atoms include p-wave Feshbach molecules and d-wave paired states of fermions that could be realized in optical lattices in the Hubbard regime. Identifying these states in experiments requires measurements of the relative phase of different components of the entangled pair wave function. We propose and discuss two schemes for such phase-sensitive measurements, based on two-particle interference revealed in atom-atom or atomic density correlations. Our schemes can also be used for relative phase measurements for nontrivial particle-hole order parameters, such as d-density wave order.
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Benedix J, Lajoie P, Jaiswal H, Burgard C, Greiner M, Zimmermann R, Rospert S, Snapp EL, Dudek J. BiP modulates the affinity of its co-chaperone ERj1 for ribosomes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36427-33. [PMID: 20864538 PMCID: PMC2978572 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.143263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes synthesizing secretory and membrane proteins are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and attach to ribosome-associated membrane proteins such as the Sec61 complex, which forms the protein-conducting channel in the membrane. The ER membrane-resident Hsp40 protein ERj1 was characterized as being able to recruit BiP to ribosomes in solution and to regulate protein synthesis in a BiP-dependent manner. Here, we show that ERj1 and Sec61 are associated with ribosomes at the ER of human cells and that the binding of ERj1 to ribosomes occurs with a binding constant in the picomolar range and is prevented by pretreatment of ribosomes with RNase. However, the affinity of ERj1 for ribosomes dramatically changes upon binding of BiP. This modulation by BiP may be responsible for the dual role of ERj1 at the ribosome, i.e. acting as a recruiting factor for BiP and regulating translation.
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O'Connor AM, Sargeant JM, Gardner IA, Dickson JS, Torrence ME, Dewey CE, Dohoo IR, Evans RB, Gray JT, Greiner M, Keefe G, Lefebvre SL, Morley PS, Ramirez A, Sischo W, Smith DR, Snedeker K, Sofos J, Ward MP, Wills R. The REFLECT statement: methods and processes of creating reporting guidelines for randomized controlled trials for livestock and food safety. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:57-64. [PMID: 20002546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The conduct of randomized controlled trials in livestock with production, health, and food-safety outcomes presents unique challenges that might not be adequately reported in trial reports. The objective of this project was to modify the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to reflect the unique aspects of reporting these livestock trials. A 2-day consensus meeting was held on November 18-19, 2008 in Chicago, IL, to achieve the objective. Before the meeting, a Web-based survey was conducted to identify issues for discussion. The 24 attendees were biostatisticians, epidemiologists, food-safety researchers, livestock production specialists, journal editors, assistant editors, and associate editors. Before the meeting, the attendees completed a Web-based survey indicating which CONSORT statement items would need to be modified to address unique issues for livestock trials. The consensus meeting resulted in the production of the REFLECT (Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Control Trials) statement for livestock and food safety and 22-item checklist. Fourteen items were modified from the CONSORT checklist, and an additional subitem was proposed to address challenge trials. The REFLECT statement proposes new terminology, more consistent with common usage in livestock production, to describe study subjects. Evidence was not always available to support modification to or inclusion of an item. The use of the REFLECT statement, which addresses issues unique to livestock trials, should improve the quality of reporting and design for trials reporting production, health, and food-safety outcomes.
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Bakr WS, Peng A, Tai ME, Ma R, Simon J, Gillen JI, Folling S, Pollet L, Greiner M. Probing the Superfluid-to-Mott Insulator Transition at the Single-Atom Level. Science 2010; 329:547-50. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1192368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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O’Connor AM, Sargeant JM, Gardner IA, Dickson JS, Torrence ME, Dewey CE, Dohoo IR, Evans RB, Gray JT, Greiner M, Keefe G, Lefebvre SL, Morley PS, Ramirez A, Sischo W, Smith DR, Snedeker K, Sofos J, Ward MP, Wills R. The REFLECT Statement: Methods and Processes of Creating Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials for Livestock and Food Safety by Modifying the CONSORT Statement. Zoonoses Public Health 2010; 57:95-104. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Müller L, de Escauriaza MD, Lajoie P, Theis M, Jung M, Müller A, Burgard C, Greiner M, Snapp EL, Dudek J, Zimmermann R. Evolutionary gain of function for the ER membrane protein Sec62 from yeast to humans. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:691-703. [PMID: 20071467 PMCID: PMC2828957 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-08-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized interactions between the human proteins Sec62 and Sec63 as well as the putative interaction of human Sec62 with ribosomes. The data demonstrate evolutionary conservation of Sec62/Sec63 interaction and indicate that in the course of evolution Sec62 of vertebrates has gained the additional function to interact with ribosomes. Because of similarity to their yeast orthologues, the two membrane proteins of the human endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Sec62 and Sec63 are expected to play a role in protein biogenesis in the ER. We characterized interactions between these two proteins as well as the putative interaction of Sec62 with ribosomes. These data provide further evidence for evolutionary conservation of Sec62/Sec63 interaction. In addition, they indicate that in the course of evolution Sec62 of vertebrates has gained an additional function, the ability to interact with the ribosomal tunnel exit and, therefore, to support cotranslational mechanisms such as protein transport into the ER. This view is supported by the observation that Sec62 is associated with ribosomes in human cells. Thus, the human Sec62/Sec63 complex and the human ER membrane protein ERj1 are similar in providing binding sites for BiP in the ER-lumen and binding sites for ribosomes in the cytosol. We propose that these two systems provide similar chaperone functions with respect to different precursor proteins.
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O'Connor AM, Sargeant JM, Gardner IA, Dickson JS, Torrence ME, Dewey CE, Dohoo IR, Evans RB, Gray JT, Greiner M, Keefe G, Lefebvre SL, Morley PS, Ramirez A, Sischo W, Smith DR, Snedeker K, Sofos JN, Ward MP, Wills R. The REFLECT statement: methods and processes of creating reporting guidelines for randomized controlled trials for livestock and food safety. J Food Prot 2010; 73:132-9. [PMID: 20051216 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.1.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The conduct of randomized controlled trials in livestock with production, health, and food-safety outcomes presents unique challenges that may not be adequately reported in trial reports. The objective of this project was to modify the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to reflect the unique aspects of reporting these livestock trials. A two-day consensus meeting was held on November 18-19, 2008 in Chicago, Ill, United States of America, to achieve the objective. Prior to the meeting, a Web-based survey was conducted to identify issues for discussion. The 24 attendees were biostatisticians, epidemiologists, food-safety researchers, livestock production specialists, journal editors, assistant editors, and associate editors. Prior to the meeting, the attendees completed a Web-based survey indicating which CONSORT statement items may need to be modified to address unique issues for livestock trials. The consensus meeting resulted in the production of the REFLECT (Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Control Trials) statement for livestock and food safety (LFS) and 22-item checklist. Fourteen items were modified from the CONSORT checklist, and an additional sub-item was proposed to address challenge trials. The REFLECT statement proposes new terminology, more consistent with common usage in livestock production, to describe study subjects. Evidence was not always available to support modification to or inclusion of an item. The use of the REFLECT statement, which addresses issues unique to livestock trials, should improve the quality of reporting and design for trials reporting production, health, and food-safety outcomes.
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