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Taupitz M, Stolzenburg N, Ebert M, Schnorr J, Hauptmann R, Kratz H, Hamm B, Wagner S. Gadolinium-containing magnetic resonance contrast media: investigation on the possible transchelation of Gd³⁺ to the glycosaminoglycan heparin. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:108-16. [PMID: 23281283 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retention of gadolinium (Gd) in biological tissues is considered an important cofactor in the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Research on this issue has so far focused on the stability of Gd-based contrast media (GdCM) and a possible release of Gd³⁺ from the complex. No studies have investigated competing chelators that may occur in vivo. We performed proton T(1) -relaxometry in solutions of nine approved GdCM and the macromolecular chelator heparin (250 000 IU per 10 ml) without and with addition of ZnCl₂. For the three linear, nonspecific GdCM complexes, Omniscan®, OptiMARK® and Magnevist®, 2 h of incubation in heparin at 37 °C in the presence of 2.0 mm ZnCl₂ led to an increase in T₁-relaxivity by a factor of 7.7, 5.6 and 5.1, respectively. For the three macrocyclic complexes, Gadovist®, Dotarem® and Prohance®, only a minor increase in T₁-relaxivity by a factor of 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 was found, respectively. Without addition of ZnCl₂, no difference between the two GdCM groups was observed (factors of 1.4, 1.2, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.4, respectively). The increase in T₁-relaxivities observed for linear GdCM complexes may be attributable to partial transchelation with formation of a macromolecular Gd-heparin complex. For comparison, mixing of GdCl₃ and heparin results in a 8.7-fold higher T₁-relaxivity compared with a solution of GdCl₃ in water. Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and as such occurs in the human body as a component of the extracellular matrix. GAGs generally are known to be strong chelators. Gd³⁺ released from chelates of GdCM might be complexed by GAGs in vivo, which would explain their retention in biological tissues. Plasma GAG levels are elevated in end-stage renal disease; hence, our results might contribute to the elucidation of NSF.
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Taupitz M. Kontraste in der MRT. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lindquist RL, Papazoglou S, Scharlach C, Waiczies H, Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Schellenberger E. Imaging of magnetic microfield distortions allows sensitive single-cell detection. Mol Imaging 2013; 12:83-89. [PMID: 23415396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell tracking with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is mostly performed using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle-labeled cells. However, negative contrast in T2*-weighted imaging is inherently problematic as a homogeneous background signal is required to visualize the negative signal. In a magnetic field, SPIO-labeled cells develop their own magnetization, distorting the main field. We show here a method to visualize these distortions and use them to identify single cells with increased sensitivity and certainty compared to T2* images. We labeled HeLa cells with SPIOs, suspended labeled cells in agarose to make phantoms, and performed high-resolution gradient-echo MRI. Phase images were processed to enhance the visibility of single cells. To quantify SPIO content, we generated a map of frequency differences. MRI of cell phantoms showed that single cells could be detected at concentrations ranging from 200 to 10,000 cells mL(-1). Postprocessing of the magnetic resonance phase images reveals characteristic microfield distortions, increasing dramatically the sensitivity of cell recognition, compared to unprocessed T2* images. Calculating frequency shifts and comparing microfield distortions to simulations permit estimation of the nanoparticle load of single cells. We expect the ability to detect and quantify the iron load of single cells to prove useful in studies of cell trafficking, especially in rare cell populations.
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Wagner S, Schnorr J, Ludwig A, Stangl V, Ebert M, Hamm B, Taupitz M. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of atherosclerosis using citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: calcifying microvesicles as imaging target for plaque characterization. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:767-79. [PMID: 23450179 PMCID: PMC3581358 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the suitability of citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) as a contrast agent for identifying inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS AND RESULTS VSOP, which have already been evaluated as a blood pool contrast agent for MR angiography in human clinical trials, were investigated in Watanabe heritable hyper-lipidemic rabbits to determine to what extent their accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions is a function of macrophage density and other characteristics of progressive atherosclerotic plaques. In advanced atherosclerotic lesions, a significant MRI signal loss was found within 1 hour after intravenous administration of VSOP at the intended clinical dose of 0.05 mmol Fe/kg. Histological examinations confirmed correlations between the loss of MRI signal in the vessel wall and the presence of Prussian blue-stained iron colocalized with macrophages in the plaque cap, but surprisingly also with calcifying microvesicles at the intimomedial interface. Critical electrolyte magnesium chloride concentration in combination with Alcian blue stain indicates that highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans are a major constituent of these calcifying microvesicles, which may serve as the key molecules for binding VSOP due to their highly complexing properties. CONCLUSION Calcifying microvesicles and macrophages are the targets for intravenously injected VSOP in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that VSOP-enhanced MRI may render clinically relevant information on the composition and inflammatory activity of progressive atherosclerotic lesions at risk of destabilization.
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Ludwig A, Poller WC, Westphal K, Minkwitz S, Lättig-Tünnemann G, Metzkow S, Stangl K, Baumann G, Taupitz M, Wagner S, Schnorr J, Stangl V. Rapid binding of electrostatically stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles to THP-1 monocytic cells via interaction with glycosaminoglycans. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:328. [PMID: 23314954 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast agents that target specific inflammatory components of atherosclerotic lesions has the potential to emerge as promising diagnostic modality for detecting unstable plaques. Since a high content of macrophages and alterations of the extracellular matrix are hallmarks of plaque instability, these structures represent attractive targets for new imaging modalities. In this study, we compared in vitro uptake and binding of electrostatically stabilized citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) to THP-1 cells with sterically stabilized carboxydextran-coated Resovist(®). Uptake of VSOP in both THP-1 monocytic cells and THP-derived macrophages (THP-MΦ) was more efficient compared to Resovist(®) without inducing cytotoxicity or modifying normal cellular functions (no changes in levels of reactive oxygen species, caspase-3 activity, proliferation, cytokine production). Importantly, VSOP bound with high affinity to the cell surface and to apoptotic membrane vesicles. Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis by glucose deprivation in THP-MΦ was associated with a significant reduction of VSOP attachment suggesting that the strong interaction of VSOP with the membranes of cells and apoptotic vesicles occurs via binding to negatively charged GAGs. These in vitro experiments show that VSOP-enhanced MRI may represent a new imaging approach for visualizing high-risk plaques on the basis of targeting pathologically increased GAGs or apoptotic membrane vesicles in atherosclerotic lesions. VSOP should be investigated further in appropriate in vivo experiments to characterize accumulation in unstable plaque.
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Taupitz M, Schnorr J, Wagner S. Author's reply: To PMID 23450179. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4675-4676. [PMID: 24383105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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Gemeinhardt I, Puls D, Gemeinhardt O, Taupitz M, Wagner S, Schnorr B, Licha K, Schirner M, Ebert B, Petzelt D, Macdonald R, Schnorr J. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of experimentally collagen-induced arthritis in rats using the nonspecific dye tetrasulfocyanine in comparison with gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and clinical score. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:106008. [PMID: 23224007 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.10.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using 15 rats with collagen-induced arthritis (30 joints) and 7 control rats (14 joints), we correlated the intensity of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) of the nonspecific dye tetrasulfocyanine (TSC) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathology, and clinical score. Fluorescence images were obtained in reflection geometry using a NIRF camera system. Normalized fluorescence intensity (INF) was determined after intravenous dye administration on different time points up to 120 min. Contrast-enhanced MRI using gadodiamide was performed after NIRF imaging. Analyses were performed in a blinded fashion. Histopathological and clinical scores were determined for each ankle joint. INF of moderate and high-grade arthritic joints were significantly higher (p<0.005) than the values of control and low-grade arthritic joints between 5 and 30 min after TSC-injection. This result correlated well with post-contrast MRI signal intensities at about 5 min after gadodiamide administration. Furthermore, INF and signal increase on contrast-enhanced MRI showed high correlation with clinical and histopathological scores. Sensitivities and specificities for detection of moderate and high-grade arthritic joints were slightly lower for NIRF imaging (89%/81%) than for MRI (100%/91%). NIRF imaging using TSC, which is characterized by slower plasma clearance compared to indocyanine green (ICG), has the potential to improve monitoring of inflamed joints.
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Haeckel A, Schoenzart L, Appler F, Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Schellenberger E. Combined in situ zymography, immunofluorescence, and staining of iron oxide particles in paraffin-embedded, zinc-fixed tissue sections. Mol Imaging 2012; 11:383-388. [PMID: 22954182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles are used as potent contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. In histology, these particles are frequently visualized by Prussian blue iron staining of aldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Recently, zinc salt-based fixative was shown to preserve enzyme activity in paraffin-embedded tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that zinc fixation allows combining in situ zymography with fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) and iron staining for advanced biologic investigation of iron oxide particle accumulation. Very small iron oxide particles, developed for magnetic resonance angiography, were applied intravenously to BALB/c nude mice. After 3 hours, spleens were explanted and subjected to zinc fixation and paraffin embedding. Cut tissue sections were further processed to in situ zymography, IHC, and Prussian blue staining procedures. The combination of in situ zymography as well as IHC with subsequent Prussian blue iron staining on zinc-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues resulted in excellent histologic images of enzyme activity, protease distribution, and iron oxide particle accumulation. The combination of all three stains on a single section allowed direct comparison with only moderate degradation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled substrate. This protocol is useful for investigating the biologic environment of accumulating iron oxide particles, with excellent preservation of morphology.
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Schellenberger E, Haeckel A, Schoenzart L, Appler F, Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Hamm B. Combined in Situ Zymography, Immunofluorescence, and Staining of Iron Oxide Particles in Paraffin-Embedded, Zinc-Fixed Tissue Sections. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Liefeldt L, Klüner C, Glander P, Giessing M, Budde K, Taupitz M, Rogalla P, Kroencke TJ. Non-invasive imaging of living kidney donors: intraindividual comparison of multislice computed tomography angiography with magnetic resonance angiography. Clin Transplant 2012; 26:E412-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2012.01680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wagner M, Schilling R, Doeblin P, Huppertz A, Luhur R, Schwenke C, Maurer M, Hamm B, Taupitz M, Durmus T. Macrocyclic contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of chronic myocardial infarction: intraindividual comparison of gadobutrol and gadoterate meglumine. Eur Radiol 2012; 23:108-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Guo J, Posnansky O, Hirsch S, Scheel M, Taupitz M, Braun J, Sack I. Fractal network dimension and viscoelastic powerlaw behavior: II. An experimental study of structure-mimicking phantoms by magnetic resonance elastography. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:4041-53. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/12/4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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63
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Taupitz M, Schnorr B. Planung und Durchführung klinischer Studien. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1310956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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64
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Borgert J, Schmidt JD, Schmale I, Rahmer J, Bontus C, Gleich B, David B, Eckart R, Woywode O, Weizenecker J, Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Haegele J, Vogt FM, Barkhausen J. Fundamentals and applications of magnetic particle imaging. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2012; 6:149-53. [PMID: 22682260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new medical imaging technique which performs a direct measurement of magnetic nanoparticles, also known as superparamagnetic iron oxide. MPI can acquire quantitative images of the local distribution of the magnetic material with high spatial and temporal resolution. Its sensitivity is well above that of other methods used for the detection and quantification of magnetic materials, for example, magnetic resonance imaging. On the basis of an intravenous injection of magnetic particles, MPI has the potential to play an important role in medical application areas such as cardiovascular, oncology, and also in exploratory fields such as cell labeling and tracking. Here, we present an introduction to the basic function principle of MPI, together with an estimation of the spatial resolution and the detection limit. Furthermore, the above-mentioned medical applications are discussed with respect to an applicability of MPI.
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Taupitz M, Wagner S, Eberbeck D, Schnorr J. Magnetische Nanopartikel für die in vivo Diagnostik und für die Therapie. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Knopke C, Wiekhorst F, Gemeinhardt I, Ebert M, Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Trahms L. Quantification of small magnetic nanoparticle characteristics by temperature dependent magnetorelaxometry. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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67
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Haegele J, Sattel T, Erbe M, Luedtke-Buzug K, Taupitz M, Borgert J, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. [Magnetic particle imaging (MPI)]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011; 184:420-6. [PMID: 22198836 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) displays the spatial distribution and concentration of superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs). It is a quantitative, tomographic imaging method with high temporal and spatial resolution and allows work with high sensitivity yet without ionizing radiation. Thus, it may be a very promising tool for medical imaging. In this review, we describe the physical and technical basics and various concepts for clinical scanners. Furthermore, clinical applications such as cardiovascular imaging, interventional procedures, imaging and therapy of malignancies as well as molecular imaging are presented.
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Wuerfel E, Smyth M, Millward JM, Schellenberger E, Glumm J, Prozorovski T, Aktas O, Schulze-Topphoff U, Schnorr J, Wagner S, Taupitz M, Infante-Duarte C, Wuerfel J. Electrostatically Stabilized Magnetic Nanoparticles - An Optimized Protocol to Label Murine T Cells for in vivo MRI. Front Neurol 2011; 2:72. [PMID: 22203815 PMCID: PMC3240893 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel highly efficient protocol to magnetically label T cells applying electrostatically stabilized very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP). Our long-term aim is to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate T cell dynamics in vivo during the course of neuroinflammatory disorders such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Encephalitogenic T cells were co-incubated with VSOP, or with protamine-complexed VSOP (VProt), respectively, at different conditions, optimizing concentrations and incubation times. Labeling efficacy was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry as well as histologically, and evaluated on a 7 T MR system. Furthermore, we investigated possible alterations of T cell physiology caused by the labeling procedure. T cell co-incubation with VSOP resulted in an efficient cellular iron uptake. T2 times of labeled cells dropped significantly, resulting in prominent hypointensity on T2*-weighted scans. Optimal labeling efficacy was achieved by VProt (1 mM Fe/ml, 8 h incubation; T2 time shortening of ∼80% compared to untreated cells). Although VSOP promoted T cell proliferation and altered the ratio of T cell subpopulations toward a CD4+ phenotype, no effects on CD4 T cell proliferation or phenotypic stability were observed by labeling in vitro differentiated Th17 cells with VProt. Yet, high concentrations of intracellular iron oxide might induce alterations in T cell function, which should be considered in cell tagging studies. Moreover, we demonstrated that labeling of encephalitogenic T cells did not affect pathogenicity; labeled T cells were still capable of inducing EAE in susceptible recipient mice.
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Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Schellenberger EA, Warmuth C, Fahlenkamp UL, Wagner S, Kaufels N, Wagner M. Cardiac magnetic resonance angiography using blood-pool contrast agents: comparison of citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles with gadofosveset trisodium in pigs. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011; 184:105-12. [PMID: 22179768 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) with gadofosveset trisodium as blood pool contrast agents for cardiac magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) in pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal experiments were approved by the responsible authority. 10 CMRA-like examinations were performed at 1.5 T after administration of VSOP (0.06 mmol Fe/kg; 5 examinations) and gadofosveset trisodium (0.03 mmol Gd/kg; 5 examinations). The CMRA protocol included ECG-gated inversion-recovery-prepared T1-weighted gradient echo imaging (IR-GRE; one slice) and ECG-gated inversion recovery prepared steady state free precession imaging (IR SSFP; one slice) before and 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after injection. At each time point, three different inversion times (TI; 200 msec, 300 msec, and 400 msec) were applied. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) between blood and myocardium were calculated and compared using mixed linear models. RESULTS No significant differences of CNR were found between IR-GRE and IR SSFP. At 3 and 5 min after contrast agent administration, VSOP showed a significantly higher CNR than gadofosveset trisodium when TI of 200 msec and 300 msec were applied (TI of 200 msec at 3 min: 8.2 ± 0.7 vs. 5.4 ± 0.7; TI of 200 msec at 5 min: 7.9 ± 0.7 vs. 3.5 ± 0.8; TI of 300 msec at 3 min: 11.7 ± 0.7 vs. 8.8 ± 0.8; TI of 300 msec at 5 min: 11.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8; p < 0.05). Moreover, significant differences in favor of VSOP were found for all time points from 10 to 40 min irrespective of TI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION VSOP has superior blood-pool properties compared to gadofosveset trisodium resulting in prolonged improvement of CNR on CMRA.
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Wagner M, Wagner S, Schnorr J, Schellenberger E, Kivelitz D, Krug L, Dewey M, Laule M, Hamm B, Taupitz M. Coronary MR angiography using citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles as blood-pool contrast agent: initial experience in humans. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:816-23. [PMID: 21769977 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP-C184) as blood-pool contrast agent for coronary MR angiography (CMRA) in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six healthy volunteers and 14 patients with suspected coronary artery disease underwent CMRA after administration of VSOP-C184 at the following doses: 20 μmol Fe/kg (4 patients), 40 μmol Fe/kg (5 patients), 45 μmol Fe/kg (6 healthy volunteers), and 60 μmol Fe/kg (5 patients). In healthy volunteers, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and vessel edge definition (VED) of contrast-enhanced CMRA were compared with non-contrast-enhanced CMRA. In patients, a per-segment intention-to-diagnose evaluation of contrast-enhanced CMRA for detection of significant coronary stenosis (≥50%) was performed. RESULTS Three healthy volunteers (45 μmol Fe/kg VSOP-C184) and two patients (60 μmol Fe/kg VSOP-C184) had adverse events of mild or moderate intensity. VSOP-C184 significantly increased CNR (15.1 ± 4.6 versus 6.9 ± 1.9; P = 0.010), SNR (21.7 ± 5.3 versus 15.4 ± 1.6; P = 0.048), and VED (2.3 ± 0.6 versus 1.2 ± 0.2; P < 0.001) compared with non-contrast-enhanced CMRA. In patients, contrast-enhanced CMRA yielded sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for detection of significant coronary stenosis of 86.7%, 71.0%, 73.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION CMRA using VSOP-C184 was feasible and yielded moderate diagnostic accuracy for detection of significant coronary stenosis within this proof-of-concept setting.
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Makowski MR, Varma G, Wiethoff AJ, Smith A, Mattock K, Jansen CHP, Warley A, Taupitz M, Schaeffter T, Botnar RM. Noninvasive assessment of atherosclerotic plaque progression in ApoE-/- mice using susceptibility gradient mapping. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:295-303. [PMID: 21422166 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.110.957209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages have been identified as a major contributor to plaque development and destabilization in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to noninvasively assess uptake of citrate coated very small iron oxide particles at different stages of plaque development in the brachiocephalic artery of apoE(-/-) mice. Susceptibility gradient mapping (SGM) was applied to generate positive contrast images and to quantify iron oxide uptake. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4, 8, or 12 weeks; 300 μmol Fe/kg was injected 24 and 48 hours before final MRI. Increasing very small iron oxide particle uptake was observed over the course of atherosclerotic plaque development. Simultaneous administration of pravastatin led to a significant decrease in very small iron oxide particle uptake, assessed by mass spectroscopy and histology. SGM-MRI allowed the generation of positive contrast images, and magnitudes (mT/m) of contrast enhancement in SG parameter maps significantly correlated with the absolute iron oxide content (R(2)=0.70, P<0.05) and the macrophage density (R(2)=0.71, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows an increase in iron oxide uptake (measured by in vivo SGM-MRI, histology, and mass spectroscopy) with the progression of plaque development in an apoE(-/-) mouse model of accelerated atherosclerosis. Positive contrast provided by SGM-MRI allowed for a clear visualization of intraplaque iron oxide depositions, and magnitudes (mT/m) of contrast enhancement in SG parameter maps allowed for the quantification of intraplaque iron oxide particles.
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Voigt A, Elgeti T, Durmus T, Idiz ME, Butler C, Beling M, Schilling R, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Stangl K, Taupitz M, Kivelitz D, Wagner M. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in dilated cardiomyopathy in adults—towards identification of myocardial inflammation. Eur Radiol 2010; 21:925-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-010-1985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Maxeiner A, Adkins CB, Zhang Y, Taupitz M, Halpern EF, McDougal WS, Wu CL, Cheng LL. Retrospective analysis of prostate cancer recurrence potential with tissue metabolomic profiles. Prostate 2010; 70:710-7. [PMID: 20017167 PMCID: PMC2909586 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical care of prostate cancer patients, an improved method to assess the risk of recurrence after surgical treatment is urgently needed. We aim to retrospectively evaluate the ability of ex vivo tissue magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy-based metabolomic profiles to estimate the risk of recurrence. METHODS PCa recurrence is defined biochemically as the detection of serum PSA after radical prostatectomy. Sixteen consecutive PCa-recurrent cases, those with an initial PSA increase of 0.69 +/- 0.26 ng/ml monitored 47.7 +/- 2.6 months after prostatectomy were paired by age and Gleason score with cases without recurrence of the same pathological and clinical stages (n = 16/each). We analyzed ex vivo intact-tissue spectroscopy results from these 48 individuals at the time of prostatectomy at 14T. From these spectra, we identified the 27 most common and intense spectral metabolic regions for statistical analyses. RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) on these spectral regions from cases of clinical-stage-matched groups with and without recurrence identified four pathology-related principal components. Canonical analysis of these four and the first nine principal components for cases in the two groups defined metabolomic profiles as the canonical score that can differentiate the two groups with statistical significance. By applying the coefficients from PCA and canonical analysis to the pathological-stage-matched groups, recurrence was predicted with an accuracy of 78%. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the potential of tissue metabolomic profiles measured with ex vivo spectroscopy to identify PCa aggressiveness in terms of cancer recurrence. With further study, this may greatly contribute to the future design of clinical strategy for personalized treatment of PCa patients.
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Rössler E, Taupitz M, Vieth HM. Investigation of Solid State Matrices via 2H NMR on Mobile Deuterated Guest Molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19890931119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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