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Ewing T, Ahn M, Kumar K, Vaughn B, Roth H, Fan Z. 0865 SLEEP PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gunasekaran P, Lee SR, Jeong SM, Kwon JW, Takei T, Asahina Y, Bang G, Kim S, Ahn M, Ryu EK, Kim HN, Nam KY, Shin SY, Hojo H, Namgoong S, Kim NH, Bang JK. Cover Picture: Pyrrole-Based Macrocyclic Small-Molecule Inhibitors That Target Oocyte Maturation (ChemMedChem 8/2017). ChemMedChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gunasekaran P, Lee SR, Jeong SM, Kwon JW, Takei T, Asahina Y, Bang G, Kim S, Ahn M, Ryu EK, Kim HN, Nam KY, Shin SY, Hojo H, Namgoong S, Kim NH, Bang JK. Pyrrole-Based Macrocyclic Small-Molecule Inhibitors That Target Oocyte Maturation. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:580-589. [PMID: 28296169 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays crucial roles in various stages of oocyte maturation. Recently, we reported that the peptidomimetic compound AB103-8, which targets the polo box domain (PBD) of PLK1, affects oocyte meiotic maturation and the resumption of meiosis. However, to overcome the drawbacks of peptidic compounds, we designed and synthesized a series of pyrrole-based small-molecule inhibitors and tested them for their effects on the rates of porcine oocyte maturation. Among them, the macrocyclic compound (E/Z)-3-(2,16-dioxo-19-(4-phenylbutyl)-3,19-diazabicyclo[15.2.1]icosa-1(20),6,17-trien-3-yl)propyl dihydrogen phosphate (4) showed the highest inhibitory activity with enhanced inhibition against embryonic blastocyst formation. Furthermore, the addition of this compound to culture media efficiently blocked the maturation of porcine and mouse oocytes, indicating its ability to penetrate the zona pellucida and cell membrane. We investigated mouse oocytes treated with compound 4, and the resulting impairment of spindle formation confirmed PLK1 inhibition. Finally, molecular modeling studies with PLK1 PBD also confirmed the presence of significant interactions between compound 4 and PLK1 PBD binding pocket residues, including those in the phosphate, tyrosine-rich, and pyrrolidine binding pockets. Collectively, these results suggest that the macrocyclic compound 4 may serve as a promising template for the development of novel contraceptive agents.
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Basnawi A, Peacock W, Wu S, Ahn M. 332 The Prevalence of Cervical Spine Injuries in Patients With Persistent Midline Tenderness in Low Mechanism Trauma Despite Initially Negative Computed Tomography. Ann Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ahn M, Gunasekaran P, Rajasekaran G, Kim EY, Lee SJ, Bang G, Cho K, Hyun JK, Lee HJ, Jeon YH, Kim NH, Ryu EK, Shin SY, Bang JK. Pyrazole derived ultra-short antimicrobial peptidomimetics with potent anti-biofilm activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:551-564. [PMID: 27718471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the first chemical synthesis of ultra-short pyrazole-arginine based antimicrobial peptidomimetics derived from the newly synthesized N-alkyl/aryl pyrazole amino acids. Through the systematic tuning of hydrophobicity, charge, and peptide length, we identified the shortest peptide Py11 with the most potent antimicrobial activity. Py11 displayed greater antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including MRSA, MDRPA, and VREF, which was approximately 2-4 times higher than that of melittin. Besides its higher selectivity (therapeutic index) toward bacterial cells than LL-37, Py11 showed highly increased proteolytic stability against trypsin digestion and maintained its antimicrobial activity in the presence of physiological salts. Interestingly, Py11 exhibited higher anti-biofilm activity against MDRPA compared to LL-37. The results from fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested that Py11 kills bacterial cells possibly by integrity disruption damaging the cell membrane, leading to the cytosol leakage and eventual cell lysis. Furthermore, Py11 displayed significant anti-inflammatory (endotoxin-neutralizing) activity by inhibiting LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α. Collectively, our results suggest that Py11 may serve as a model compound for the design of antimicrobial and antisepsis agents.
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Kim D, Tiseo M, Ahn M, Reckamp K, Holmskov Hansen K, Kim S, Huber R, West H, Groen H, Hochmair M, Leighl N, Gettinger S, Langer C, Paz-Ares Rodriguez L, Smit E, Reichmann W, Kerstein D, Haluska F, Camidge D. Brigatinib (BRG) in Crizotinib (CRZ)-Refractory ALK+ Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): efficacy and safety results from ALTA, a pivotal randomized phase 2 Trial. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw332.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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57
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Kim HY, Lee WC, Murugan RN, Ahn M, Bang JK. Structural analysis of human polo-like kinase 1 polo box domain in complex with peptide inhibitors. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273316096704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Liang S, Yuan B, Kwon JW, Ahn M, Cui XS, Bang JK, Kim NH. Effect of antifreeze glycoprotein 8 supplementation during vitrification on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2016; 86:485-494.e1. [PMID: 26948296 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of antifreeze glycoprotein 8 (AFGP8) supplementation during vitrification on the survival, fertilization, and embryonic development of bovine oocytes and the underlying molecular mechanism(s). Survival, fertilization, early embryonic development, apoptosis, DNA double-strand breaks, reactive oxygen species levels, meiotic cytoskeleton assembly, chromosome alignment, and energy status of mitochondria were measured in the present experiments. Compared with that in the nonsupplemented group; survival, monospermy, blastocyst formation rates, and blastomere counts were significantly higher in the AFGP8-supplemented animals. Oocytes of the latter group also presented fewer double-strand breaks and lower cathepsin B and caspase activities. Rates of normal spindle organization and chromosome alignment, actin filament impairment, and mitochondrial distribution were significantly higher in the AFGP8-supplemented group. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels significantly decreased in the AFGP8-supplemented groups, maintaining a higher ΔΨm than that in the nonsupplemented group. Taken together, these results indicated that supplementation with AFGP8 during vitrification has a protective effect on bovine oocytes against chilling injury.
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Jia JL, Han YH, Kim HC, Ahn M, Kwon JW, Luo Y, Gunasekaran P, Lee SJ, Lee KS, Kyu Bang J, Kim NH, Namgoong S. Structural basis for recognition of Emi2 by Polo-like kinase 1 and development of peptidomimetics blocking oocyte maturation and fertilization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14626. [PMID: 26459104 PMCID: PMC4602232 DOI: 10.1038/srep14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In a mammalian oocyte, completion of meiosis is suspended until fertilization by a sperm, and the cell cycle is arrested by a biochemical activity called cytostatic factor (CSF). Emi2 is one of the CSFs, and it maintains the protein level of maturation promoting factor (MPF) by inhibiting ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Degradation of Emi2 via ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis after fertilization requires phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). Therefore, recognition and phosphorylation of Emi2 by Plk1 are crucial steps for cell cycle resumption, but the binding mode of Emi2 and Plk1 is poorly understood. Using biochemical assays and X-ray crystallography, we found that two phosphorylated threonines (Thr(152) and Thr(176)) in Emi2 are each responsible for the recruitment of one Plk1 molecule by binding to its C-terminal polo box domain (PBD). We also found that meiotic maturation and meiosis resumption via parthenogenetic activation were impaired when Emi2 interaction with Plk1-PBD was blocked by a peptidomimetic called 103-8. Because of the inherent promiscuity of kinase inhibitors, our results suggest that targeting PBD of Plk1 may be an effective strategy for the development of novel and specific contraceptive agents that block oocyte maturation and/or fertilization.
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Passaro A, Yang J, Ahn M, Dickgreber N, Halmos B, Hirsh V, Hochmair M, Levy B, de Marinis F, Mok T, O'Byrne K, Okamoto I, Schuler M, Sebastian M, Shah R, Tan E, Yamamoto N, Märten A, Wind S, Carbone D. Influence of dose adjustment on afatinib safety and efficacy in patients (pts) with advanced EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv343.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kim M, Ahn M, Song S, Jung Y, Jeong H. PS-011 Improving the system for monitoring adverse drug reactions. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000639.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ahn M, Han YH, Park JE, Kim S, Lee WC, Lee SJ, Gunasekaran P, Cheong C, Shin SY, Kim HY, Ryu EK, Murugan RN, Kim NH, Bang JK. A new class of peptidomimetics targeting the polo-box domain of Polo-like kinase 1. J Med Chem 2015; 58:294-304. [PMID: 25347203 DOI: 10.1021/jm501147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of peptide-derived Polo-like kinase (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD) inhibitors has led to the synthesis of multiple peptide ligands with high binding affinity and selectivity. However, few systematic analyses have been conducted to identify key Plk1 residues and characterize their interactions with potent Plk1 peptide inhibitors. We performed systematic deletion analysis using the most potent 4j peptide and studied N-terminal capping of the minimal peptide with diverse organic moieties, leading to the identification of the peptidomimetic 8 (AB-103) series with high binding affinity and selectivity. To evaluate the bioavailability of short peptidomimetic ligands, PEGylated 8 series were synthesized and incubated with HeLa cells to test for cellular uptake, antiproliferative activity, and Plk1 kinase inhibition. Finally, crystallographic studies of the Plk1 PBD in complex with peptidomimetics 8 and 22 (AB-103-5) revealed the presence of two hydrogen bond interactions responsible for their high binding affinity and selectivity.
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Ahn M, Rajasekaran G, Gunasekaran P, Ryu EK, Lee GH, Hyun JK, Cheong C, Kim NH, Shin SY, Bang JK. Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of Short Tryptophan-rich Antimicrobial Peptide Pac-525 by Replacing Trp with His(chx). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.9.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Srinivasrao G, Park JE, Kim S, Ahn M, Cheong C, Nam KY, Gunasekaran P, Hwang E, Kim NH, Shin SY, Lee KS, Ryu E, Bang JK. Design and synthesis of a cell-permeable, drug-like small molecule inhibitor targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107432. [PMID: 25211362 PMCID: PMC4161390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1) plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and the inhibition of Plk1 has been considered as a potential target for specific inhibitory drugs in anti-cancer therapy. Several research groups have identified peptide-based inhibitors that target the polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1 and bind to the protein with high affinity in in vitro assays. However, inadequate proteolytic resistance and cell permeability of the peptides hinder the development of these peptide-based inhibitors into novel therapeutic compounds. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In order to overcome the shortcomings of peptide-based inhibitors, we designed and synthesized small molecule inhibitors. Among these molecules, bg-34 exhibited a high binding affinity for Plk1-PBD and it could cross the cell membrane in its unmodified form. Furthermore, bg-34-dependent inhibition of Plk1-PBD was sufficient for inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells. Moreover, modeling studies performed on Plk1-PBD in complex with bg-34 revealed that bg-34 can interact effectively with Plk1-PBD. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated that the molecule bg-34 is a potential drug candidate that exhibits anti-Plk1-PBD activity and possesses the favorable characteristics of high cell permeability and stability. We also determined that bg-34 induced apoptotic cell death by inhibiting Plk1-PBD in HeLa cells at the same concentration as PEGylated 4j peptide, which can inhibit Plk1-PBD activity 1000 times more effectively than bg-34 can in in vitro assays. This study may help to design and develop drug-like small molecule as Plk1-PBD inhibitor for better therapeutic activity.
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Baek J, Min Y, Cho E, Cho B, Kim J, Sun J, Ahn M, Park K. Efficacy of Egfr Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Egfr Tkis) in Patients with Egfr-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Except Both Exon 19 Deletion and Exon 21 L858R: a Retrospective Analysis in Korea. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu349.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lee Y, Kim Y, Lee H, Lee S, Kang Y, Kang J, Hong S, Kim Y, Kim S, Ahn M, Han D, Yoo I, Wang Y, Park J, Sung S, Lee K. Tumor Volume Changes Assessed With High Quality kVCT in Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yang J, Kim D, Planchard D, Ohe Y, Ramalingam S, Ahn M, Kim S, Su W, Horn L, Haggstrom D, Felip E, Kim J, Frewer P, Cantarini M, Ghiorghiu S, Ranson M, Janne P. Updated Safety and Efficacy from a Phase I Study of Azd9291 in Patients (Pts) with Egfr-Tki-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu331.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mok T, Wu Y, Nakagawa K, Kim S, Yang J, Ahn M, Wang J, Yang J, Lu Y, Atagi S, Ponce S, Shi X, Webster A, Jiang H, Soria JC. Gefitinib/Chemotherapy Vs Chemotherapy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (Egfr) Mutation-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc) After Progression on First-Line Gefitinib: the Phase Iii, Randomised Impress Study. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu438.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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69
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Thress K, Yang J, Ahn M, Kim D, Kim S, Ohe Y, Planchard D, Brant R, Carr H, Dearden S, Jenkins S, Cantarini M, Ghiorghiu S, Barrett J, Janne P, Oxnard G. Levels of Egfr T790M in Plasma Dna As a Predictive Biomarker for Response to Azd9291, a Mutant-Selective Egfr Kinase Inhibitor. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu349.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Park K, Ahn M, Yu C, Kim S, Lin M, Sriuranpong V, Tsai C, Lee J, Kang J, Perez-Moreno P, Button P, Gregory D, Mok T. Aspiration: First-Line Erlotinib (E) Until and Beyond Recist Progression (Pd) in Asian Patients (Pts) with Egfr Mutation-Positive (Mut+) Nsclc. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu349.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ahn M, Jacob B, Gunasekaran P, Murugan RN, Ryu EK, Lee GH, Hyun JK, Cheong C, Kim NH, Shin SY, Bang JK. Poly-lysine peptidomimetics having potent antimicrobial activity without hemolytic activity. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2259-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lee YM, Ahn D, Kim JY, Kim YS, Cho S, Ahn M, Cho MH, Jung MS, Choi DK, Jung MC, Qi YB. Only the chemical state of Indium changes in Mn-doped In3Sb1Te2 (Mn: 10 at.%) during multi-level resistance changes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4702. [PMID: 24736451 PMCID: PMC3988486 DOI: 10.1038/srep04702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricated and characterized the material with Mn (10 at.%: atomic percent) doped In3Sb1Te2 (MIST) using co-sputtering and synchrotron radiation, respectively. The MIST thin film showed phase-changes at 97 and 320 °C, with sheet resistances of ~10 kΩ(sq) (amorphous), ~0.2 kΩ(sq) (first phase-change), and ~10 Ω(sq) (second phase-change). MIST did not exhibit any chemical separation or increased structural instability during either phase-change, as determined with high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chemical state changes were only depended for In without concomitant changes of Sb and Te. Apparently, doped Mn atoms can be induced with movement of only In atoms.
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Murugan RN, Jacob B, Ahn M, Hwang E, Sohn H, Park HN, Lee E, Seo JH, Cheong C, Nam KY, Hyun JK, Jeong KW, Kim Y, Shin SY, Bang JK. De novo design and synthesis of ultra-short peptidomimetic antibiotics having dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80025. [PMID: 24302996 PMCID: PMC3841161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much attention has been focused on the design and synthesis of potent, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that possess both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, their development into therapeutic agents has been limited mainly due to their large size (12 to 50 residues in length) and poor protease stability. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In an attempt to overcome the issues described above, a set of ultra-short, His-derived antimicrobial peptides (HDAMPs) has been developed for the first time. Through systematic tuning of pendant hydrophobic alkyl tails at the N(π)- and N(τ)-positions on His, and the positive charge of Arg, much higher prokaryotic selectivity was achieved, compared to human AMP LL-37. Additionally, the most potent HDAMPs showed promising dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity and proteolytic resistance. Our results from transmission electron microscopy, membrane depolarization, confocal laser-scanning microscopy, and calcein-dye leakage experiments propose that HDAMP-1 kills microbial cells via dissipation of the membrane potential by forming pore/ion channels on bacterial cell membranes. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The combination of the ultra-short size, high-prokaryotic selectivity, potent anti-MRSA activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and proteolytic resistance of the designed HDAMP-1, -3, -5, and -6 makes these molecules promising candidates for future antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Murugan RN, Ahn M, Lee WC, Kim HY, Song JH, Cheong C, Hwang E, Seo JH, Shin SY, Choi SH, Park JE, Bang JK. Exploring the binding nature of pyrrolidine pocket-dependent interactions in the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80043. [PMID: 24223211 PMCID: PMC3819306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, a great deal of effort has been focused on the design and synthesis of potent, linear peptide inhibitors targeting the polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), which is critically involved in multiple mitotic processes and has been established as an adverse prognostic marker for tumor patients. Plk1 localizes to its intracellular anchoring sites via its polo-box domain, and inhibiting the Plk1 polo-box domain has been considered as an approach to circumvent the specificity problems associated with inhibiting the conserved adenosine triphosphate-binding pocket. The polo-box domain consists of two different binding regions, such as the unique, broader pyrrolidine-binding pocket and the conserved, narrow, Tyr-rich hydrophobic channel, among the three Plk polo-box domains (Plks 1-3), respectively. Therefore, the studies that provide insights into the binding nature of the unique, broader pyrrolidine-binding pocket might lead to the development of selective Plk1-inhibitory compounds. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In an attempt to retain the monospecificity by targeting the unique, broader pyrrolidine-binding pocket, here, for the first time, a systematic approach was undertaken to examine the structure-activity relationship of N-terminal-truncated PLHSpTM derivatives, to apply a site-directed ligand approach using bulky aromatic and non-aromatic systems, and to characterize the binding nature of these analogues using X-ray crystallographic studies. We have identified a new mode of binding interactions, having improved binding affinity and retaining the Plk1 polo-box domain specificity, at the pyrrolidine-binding pocket. Furthermore, our data revealed that the pyrrolidine-binding pocket was very specific to recognize a short and bulky hydrophobic ligand like adamantane, whereas the Tyr-rich hydrophobic channel was specific with lengthy and small hydrophobic groups. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The progress made using our site-directed ligands validated this approach to specifically direct the ligand into the unique pyrrolidine-binding region, and it extends the applicability of the strategy for discovering selective protein-protein interaction inhibitors.
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Ahn M, Murugan RN, Jacob B, Hyun JK, Cheong C, Hwang E, Park HN, Seo JH, Srinivasrao G, Lee KS, Shin SY, Bang JK. Discovery of novel histidine-derived lipo-amino acids: Applied in the synthesis of ultra-short antimicrobial peptidomimetics having potent antimicrobial activity, salt resistance and protease stability. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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