Massive Hemi-facial Edema After Permanent Filler Removal in an HIV-Positive Patient. Precautions and Patient Information

HIV-related lipodystrophy and facial lipo-atrophy are well-described problems stigmatizing many HIV patients. As these patients often require large volumes of filler material, a more permanent solution is necessary. Before the popularization of lipofilling, synthetic permanent fillers have mostly been used. We describe a case report of a patient who had undergone removal of a permanent filler, polyacrylamide gel, because of dislocation of the filler, but who presented a massive hemi-facial edema immediately after the removal. Swelling subsided after 5 days. The use of permanent fillers has diminished due to frequent early and late complications, but a high awareness for permanent filler removal complications remains necessary. Possible pathways to explain these late complications are described.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V

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Calcium sources and their interaction with the different levels of non-phytate phosphorus affect performance and bone mineralization in broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of different Ca sources (limestone, Ca chloride, and Lipocal, a fat-encapsulated tricalcium phosphate, TCP) in conjunction with 4 dietary levels of non-phytate P (NPP) on performance, ileal digestibility of Ca and P, and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Calcium sources were also evaluated in vitro to measure acid-binding capacity (ABC) and Ca solubility at different pH values. Ca chloride showed the highest solubility of Ca, with TCP showing the highest ABC. Ross male broiler-chicks were sorted by BW at 1 d post-hatch and assigned to 5 cages per diet with 5 birds per cage. Twelve diets were arranged in a 3×4 factorial of the 3 Ca sources and 4 levels of NPP (0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4% or 0.45%) consisting of 4 added P levels (Ca(H2PO4)2) with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in all diets. On d 14 post-hatch, 3 birds were euthanized, and ileal digesta and the right tibia were collected to determine ileal Ca and P digestibility and bone mineralization, respectively. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) on d 14 was higher (P<0.01) with TCP and limestone than with Ca chloride. Added P increased the tibia weight and tibia ash content in chicks fed TCP up to 0.4% NPP and limestone up to 0.35% NPP. Calcium ileal digestibility was higher (P<0.01) with Ca chloride (73.7%) than with limestone (67.1%) or TCP (66.8%), which increased (P<0.05) with added levels of P from monocalcium phosphate. Phosphorus ileal digestibility was not affected by the Ca source and increased (P<0.001) with added levels of NPP. It can be concluded that starting broilers responded better to low-soluble Ca sources compared to high-soluble sources. A level of 0.35%-0.40% NPP with a high dose of phytase (1,150 U/kg) in diets including limestone or TCP is sufficient to guarantee performance and bone formation for broiler chickens from d 0 to d 14.

125 EFFECT OF BOVINE OVIDUCTAL FLUID ON DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS

Although fertilization and early embryonic development take place in the oviduct, the consequences of tubal fluid supplementation during in vitro embryo culture have not been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bovine oviducal fluid (bOF) supplementation during in vitro embryo culture of bovine embryos on their development and quality. The bOF was aspirated from oviducts of slaughtered heifers in the early luteal phase. In vitro-produced zygotes were cultured in SOF (C–; n = 927) or SOF + 5% FCS (C+; n = 872) or in SOF + bOF (n ~900/group) at different concentrations (0.62, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 25%) in 10 replicates. Blastocysts on Days 7/8 were used for quality evaluation through (a) differential cell count, (b) survival after vitrification/warming, and (c) gene expression (qRT-PCR). One-way ANOVA (development and quality) and t-test (cell count) were used for statistical analysis. The bOF concentrations over 5% were detrimental for blastocysts development (<7% at Day 7) and were discarded. Embryos cultured in absence of FCS exhibited a delay in the kinetics of blastocyst development; at Day 7, the groups cultured without FCS (bOF 0.62–2.5% and C–) had fewer blastocysts (range:12.0 ± 1.7 to 17.4 ± 1.5%) compared with C+ group (22.9 ± 1.2%). However, blastocyst yield at Day 9 was similar in 0.62 and 1.25 bOF groups (27.5 ± 1.7% and 27.5 ± 1.2%, respectively) compared with C+ (27.7 ± 1.0%) and significantly higher than 2.5 bOF (22.7 ± 1.5%) and C– (21.5 ± 1.4%; P < 0.05). In terms of blastocyst quality, 48 h after vitrification/warming, embryos from bOF 1.25%, 0.62%, and C– groups survived significantly higher than C+ (61.3 ± 2.1; 61.6 ± 4.1; 59.3 ± 3.2; and 30.3 ± 2.5, respectively; P < 0.05). This difference was even higher at 72 h (53.6 ± 1.7; 57.7 ± 3.8; 56.1 ± 2.9; and 25.9 ± 2.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). Total cell number of the embryos cultured in bOF 1.25 and 0.62% groups were significantly higher than C+ and C– (165.1 ± 4.7 and 156.2 ± 4.2 v. 143.1 ± 4.9 and 127.7 ± 4.9, respectively), which was associated with an increased TE cell number in 1.25 and 0.62% bOF groups (119.9 ± 3.7 and 127.0 ± 4.5, respectively). Culture with 2.5% bOF had no effect on either blastocyst yield or quality. Gene expression analysis was performed in 1.25% bOF, C–, and C+ groups. The result suggested a higher glucose (SCL2A1) and lipid (CYP51 and FADS1) metabolism in those groups cultured without serum. Gene DNMT3A and the imprinted gene IGF2R were also significantly up-regulated in bOF and C– compared with C+ (P < 0.05). Interestingly, AQP3, a gene positively correlated with survival after vitrification, was significantly up-regulated in bOF compared with C– and C+ (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in vitro culture with low concentrations of bOF has a positive effect in development and quality of bovine embryos cultured in absence of FCS. Funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2012–37510).

Synthesis, structural characterization and dielectric properties of (C6H9N2)2(Hg0.75Cd0.25)Cl4 compound

The present paper undertakes the study of a title compound whose structure is (C6H9N2)2(Hg0.75Cd0.25)Cl4. The centrosymmetric compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, with a=7.580(7) Å; b=8.572(8) Å; c=15.433(13) Å; α=84.49(5)°; β=89.13(5)°; γ=68.53(5)° and Z=2. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R (int)=0.0212 using 7932 independent reflections. The atomic arrangement shows an alternation of organic and inorganic layers. Between layers, the cohesion is performed via N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding, yet in the organic sheets, cations are further connected to classical π-π stacking. The Infrared and Raman spectra of this compound reported from 400 to 4000 cm(-1) confirmed the presence of the principal bands assigned to the internal modes of organic cation. Solid-state (13)C and (111)Cd CP-MAS-NMR spectra are reported. The dielectric study of this compound has been measured, in order to determine the σ(d.c) conductivity which is thermally activated with activation energy about 1.5 eV.

[Multicentric giant cell tumor in the upper extremity]

Multicentric giant cell tumors of bone are rare; they represent less than 1% of all giant cell tumors. We report the case of a 24-year-old right-handed man, who presented in 1985 with a giant cell tumor of the upper end of the right humerus. After failure of conservative treatment (curettage and bone grafting), resection-arthrodesis of the shoulder with a free vascularised fibular autograft was performed. Three years later, the patient developed an osteolytic lesion of the lower end of the ipsilateral radius, involving the soft tissues and the wrist joint. He was treated with resection-arthrodesis of the wrist with a free vascularised fibular graft. View after 24 years for a new localization of the lower extremity of the humerus, which treated by curettage and bone grafting with a favorable postoperative (follow-up). The histologic study confirmed again the same diagnosis. After review of the literature, we report the uniqueness of this case report.

Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: in vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance

The present study was conducted to characterize the in vitro antimicrobial activities of 3 essential oils [oregano, rosemary, and a commercial blend of essential oils (BEO)] against pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and to evaluate their effects on broiler chicken performances. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the gas chromatography interfaced with a mass spectroscopy. The disc diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were applied for the determination of antimicrobial activities of essential oils. In vivo study, a total of seven hundred fifty 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to 6 dietary treatment groups: basal diet (control; CON), CON + 44 mg of avilamycin/kg (A), CON + 100 mg of rosemary essential oil/kg (ROS), CON + 100 mg of oregano essential oil/kg (OR), CON + 50 mg of rosemary and 50 mg of oregano essential oils/kg (RO), and CON + 1,000 mg of BEO/kg (essential oil mixture, EOM). The essential oils isolated from rosemary and oregano were characterized by their greater content of 1,8-cineole (49.99%) and carvacrol (69.55%), respectively. The BEO was mainly represented by the aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde) and the monoterpene (1,8-cineole) chemical groups. The results of the disc diffusion method indicated that the rosemary essential oil had antibacterial activity (P ≤ 0.05) against only 3 pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli (8 mm), Salmonella indiana (11 mm), and Listeria innocua (9 mm). The essential oil of oregano had antimicrobial activities (P ≤ 0.05) on the same bacteria as rosemary but also on Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (12 mm). Oregano essential oil had greater (P ≤ 0.05) antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria than rosemary essential oil but they had no synergism between them. The BEO showed an increased antimicrobial activity (P ≤ 0.05) against all studied bacteria (pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria) except for Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The supplementation of the basal diet with avilamycin or essential oils improved (P ≤ 0.05) broiler chicken BW, BW gain, and G:F compared with the CON diet. There were no differences in growth performances among birds fed A, ROS, OR, RO, or EOM diets. In general, essential oils contained in rosemary, oregano, and BEO can substitute for growth promoter antibiotics. Although the 3 essential oils had different antimicrobial activities, they exhibited the same efficiency in broiler chickens.

Hydroalcoholic extract based-ointment from Punica granatum L. peels with enhanced in vivo healing potential on dermal wounds

The present study reports for the first time, the in vivo wound healing potential of Punica granatum L. peels. A 5% (w/w) methanolic extract based-ointment was formulated and evaluated for its wound healing in guinea pigs. The ointment was applied in vivo on the paravertebral area of twelve excised wounded models once a day for 10 consecutive days. The ointment significantly enhanced the wound contraction and the period of epithelialization as assessed by the mechanical (contraction rate, tensile strength), the biochemical (increasing of collagen, DNA and proteins synthesis) and the histopathological characteristics. Such investigation was encouraged by the efficiency of the methanolic extract as antimicrobial and antioxidant. Indeed, the extract showed antioxidant activity as strong as natural and synthetic compounds (Trolox, BHA, Quercetin). Furthermore, the extract exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against almost all tested bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella anatum, Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and fungi Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Trichopyton rubrum and Aspergillus niger. The formulated ointment might well find use as skin repair agent without hazard to human health based on these results and on the fact that it has been well established that the extracts of pomegranate used in conditions similar to those applied by traditional medicine, showed no toxic effects.

Use of selected enterococci and Rhizopus oryzae proteases to hydrolyse wheat proteins responsible for celiac disease

AIMS

This work aimed at using a pool of selected enterococci and fungal proteases to hydrolyse wheat gluten during long-time fermentation.

METHODS AND RESULTS

A liquid dough made with wheat flour (20% w/w) was fermented with three Enterococcus strains (dough A) or with the combination of enterococci and Rhizopus oryzae proteases (dough B). After 48 h of fermentation, dough A and B had a concentration of water-soluble peptides approximately threefold higher than the chemically acidified dough (CAD), used as the control. The same was found for the concentration of free amino acids, being higher in dough B with respect to dough A. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that albumin and glutenin fractions were partially hydrolysed, while gliadins almost disappeared in dough A and B, as confirmed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, RP-HPLC and R5-ELISA analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

The combined use of enterococci and fungal proteases showed a decrease of the gluten concentration of more than 98% during long-time fermentation.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

The use of the mixture of selected enterococci and R. oryzae proteases should be considered as a potential tool to decrease gluten concentration in foods.

Adhesion failure behavior of sputtered calcium phosphate thin film coatings evaluated using microscratch testing

It is generally accepted that calcium phosphate (CaP) is one of the most important biomaterials in implant coating applications mainly because of its excellent bioactivity. However, its relatively poor mechanical properties limits its application. This entails that a better understanding of the mechanical properties of a CaP coating is a must especially its behavior and the mechanisms involved when subjected to stresses which eventually lead to failure. The mechanical properties of the coating may be evaluated in terms of its adhesion strength. In this study, a radio frequency-magnetron (RF-MS) sputtering technique was used to deposit CaP thin films on 316L stainless steel (SS). The coatings were subjected to series of microscratch tests, taking careful note of its behavior as the load is applied. The adhesion behavior of the coatings showed varying responses. It was revealed that several coating process-related factors such as thickness, post-heat treatment and deposition parameters, to name a few, affect its scratching behavior. Scratch testing-related factors (i.e. loading rate, scratch speed, scratch load, etc.) were also shown to influence the mechanisms involved in the coating adhesion failure. Evaluation of the load-displacement graph combined with optical inspection of the scratch confirmed that several modes of failure occurred during the scratching process. These include trackside cracking, tensile cracking, radial cracking, buckling, delamination and combinations of one or more modes.

Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of biologically pretreated abattoir wastewaters in an upflow anaerobic filter

The hydrolysis pretreatment of abattoir wastewaters (AW), rich in organic suspended solids (fats and protein) was studied in static and stirred batch reactors without aeration in the presence of natural microbial population acclimated in a storage tank of AW. Microbial analysis showed that the major populations which contribute to the pretreatment of AW belong to the genera Bacillus. Contrary to the static pretreatment, the stirred conditions favoured the hydrolysis and solubilization of 80% of suspended matter into soluble pollution. The pretreated AW, in continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days, was fed to an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) at an HRT of 2 days. The performance of anaerobic digestion of biologically pretreated AW was examined under mesophilic (37 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) conditions. The shifting from a mesophilic to a thermophilic environment in the UAF was carried out with a short start-up of thermophilic condition. The UAF ran at organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 0.9 to 6g COD/Ld in mesophilic conditions and at OLRs from 0.9 to 9 g COD/Ld in thermophilic conditions. COD removal efficiencies of 80-90% were achieved for OLRs up to 4.5 g COD/Ld in mesophilic conditions, while the highest OLRs i.e. 9 g COD/Ld led to efficiencies of 70-72% in thermophilic conditions. The biogas yield in thermophilic conditions was about 0.32-0.45 L biogas/g of COD removed for OLRs up to 4.5 g COD/Ld. For similar OLR, the UAF in mesophilic conditions showed lower percentage of methanization. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion has been shown to destroy pathogens partially, whereas the thermophilic process was more efficient in the removal of indicator microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria at different organic loading rates.