101
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Doosje B, Branscombe NR. Attributions for the negative historical actions of a group. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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102
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Scheepers D, Branscombe NR, Spears R, Doosje B. The emergence and effects of deviants in low and high status groups. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1031(02)00506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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103
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Postmes T, Branscombe NR. Influence of long-term racial environmental composition on subjective well-being in African Americans. J Pers Soc Psychol 2002; 83:735-51. [PMID: 12219866 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two studies (N = 126, N = 114) of African Americans supported a model predicting that more racially segregated life contexts are associated with feelings of acceptance by other in-group members and, to a lesser extent, rejection by out-group members. In-group acceptance and out-group rejection in turn influenced identification with the in-group, which was a strong predictor of psychological well-being. Alternative models were not supported. Results suggest that environments that are segregated offer in-group support and acceptance, thereby protecting self-esteem against possible perils of rejection by a powerful out-group. Findings suggest that the improvement of intergroup relations should not be at the expense of intragroup relations.
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104
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Schmitt MT, Branscombe NR. The Meaning and Consequences of Perceived Discrimination in Disadvantaged and Privileged Social Groups. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/14792772143000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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105
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Jetten J, Branscombe NR, Spears R. On being peripheral: effects of identity insecurity on personal and collective self-esteem. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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106
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Postmes T, Branscombe NR. Influence of long-term racial environmental composition on subjective well-being in African Americans. J Pers Soc Psychol 2002. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.735 pmid:12219866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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107
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Kappen DM, Branscombe NR. The effects of reasons given for ineligibility on perceived gender discrimination and feelings of injustice. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2001; 40:295-313. [PMID: 11446232 DOI: 10.1348/014466601164768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We examine whether the reason given for a negative outcome influences the likelihood of making gender discrimination attributions. Men and women were given one of four reasons for their ineligibility to attend an event: an explicit gender reason, a reason based on an attribute correlated with gender, that same gender-related reason with explanatory information attached, or they were given no reason. Providing participants with a reason based on a gender-related attribute deflected them from making attributions to gender discrimination, indicating that discrimination attributions can easily be averted. Adding explanatory information to the gender-related reason decreased feelings of injustice, illegitimacy and anger while increasing acceptance of the outcome.
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108
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Postmes T, Branscombe NR, Spears R, Young H. Comparative processes in personal and group judgments: Resolving the discrepancy. J Pers Soc Psychol 1999. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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109
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Branscombe NR, Schmitt MT, Harvey RD. Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol 1999. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1443] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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110
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Branscombe NR. Thinking about one's gender group's privileges or disadvantages: consequences for well-being in women and men. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1998; 37 ( Pt 2):167-84. [PMID: 9639862 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1998.tb01163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thoughts about group-based privileges or disadvantages were expected to have different consequences for personal and group well-being, depending on whether the individual is a member of a high- or low-status group. To test this hypothesis, women and men were randomly assigned to consider the ways that their gender group membership has resulted in either beneficial or detrimental outcomes in their lives. For men, thinking about their gender group's privileges resulted in lower scores on the group-related well-being measures compared to women, and thinking about their group's disadvantages resulted in higher personal self-esteem scores in men compared to women. It is suggested that among high-status group members, thinking about privilege can evoke guilt and taint one's group image, whereas thinking about disadvantage can augment personal internal attributions for the positive outcomes received. Discussion focuses on the implications that the operation of two types of mechanisms--group-based emotions and the undermining or augmenting of attributions--has for the responses of high- and low-status group members when their groups are portrayed as exerting either negative or positive effects on their lives.
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111
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Doosje B, Branscombe NR, Spears R, Manstead ASR. Guilty by association: When one's group has a negative history. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.75.4.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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112
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Branscombe NR, N'gbala A, Kobrynowicz D. Self and group protection concerns influence attributions but they are not determinants of counterfactual mutation focus. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1997; 36 ( Pt 4):387-404. [PMID: 9440212 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1997.tb01140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The relative impact of differential motivation and knowledge for both counterfactual mutation focus and attributional processes were examined. Functional views of counterfactual thinking predict that what feature of an event is focused on during mutation is influenced by the perceiver's motivation, and that what is mutated is then perceived as causal of the outcome. Other research, however, has indicated that mutation and attribution are based on distinct processes and that the two are not necessarily correlated. In three experiments we investigated the relationship between target mutation and blame assignment following a negative outcome. As expected, both when group that one is highly identified with and when the self is involved in a negative event, attributions were biased in favour of the self or the in-group. Mutation did not, however, show either a self- or group-serving bias. These findings support the view that mutation focus stems from a relatively automatic orientation towards features that may be differentially available to perceivers with varying degrees of knowledge about a domain, whereas the attribution of blame results from conscious processes that permit motivational influences to operate.
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113
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Branscombe NR, Owen S, Garstka TA, Coleman J. Rape and Accident Counterfactuals: Who Might Have Done Otherwise and Would It Have Changed the Outcome?1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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114
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Wann DL, Branscombe NR. Influence of level of identification with a group and physiological arousal on perceived intergroup complexity. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1995; 34 ( Pt 3):223-35. [PMID: 7551770 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Influence of group identification and physiological arousal on perceived intergroup complexity and intergroup evaluations were investigated. Group identification was examined because persons with differing levels of identification differ in the degree to which they possess stereotypes about groups while physiological arousal was investigated because of its known ability to limit cognitive capacity and potentially encourage the use of stereotypes. Specifically, increases in incidental arousal resulting from exercise were expected to result in increased stereotype use, reflected in differential intergroup complexity. This effect was expected only for those high in identification with the in-group, for whom stereotypes were available. The results supported the predictions. In terms of group evaluations, an in-group favouritism effect was found, although it was only exhibited by those high in identification. Arousal level did not significantly influence evaluation of groups. Thus, incidental arousal can decrease complexity, without simultaneously increasing negativity. Discussion focuses on the differences between the current method and those employed in past research.
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115
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Noel JG, Wann DL, Branscombe NR. Peripheral ingroup membership status and public negativity toward outgroups. J Pers Soc Psychol 1995; 68:127-37. [PMID: 7861310 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral membership status in a desirable ingroup was predicted to elevate outgroup derogation when Ss believed other ingroup members might learn of their responses. Less negativity toward outgroups was expected when peripheral members' responses were to remain private. Core ingroup members, in contrast, were not expected to show public-private differences in derogation of outgroups. The results of 2 experiments supported these predictions, with peripheral but not core ingroup members advocating the most coercion for the outgroup under public conditions in both laboratory-created ingroups (Experiment 1) and naturally occurring groups that had meaning for the participants (Experiment 2). Thus, outgroup derogation can serve a public presentation function that allows for enhancement of an insecure status within a desirable ingroup.
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116
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Branscombe NR, Wann DL. Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2420240603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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117
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Burris CT, Branscombe NR. Racism, Counterfactual Thinking, and Judgment Severity1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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118
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119
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Branscombe NR, Weir JA. Resistance as Stereotype-Inconsistency: Consequences for Judgments of Rape Victims. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.1992.11.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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120
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Branscombe NR, Wann DL. Physiological arousal and reactions to outgroup members during competitions that implicate an important social identity. Aggress Behav 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:2<85::aid-ab2480180202>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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121
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Branscombe NR, Owen S. Influence of Gun Ownership on Social Inferences About Women and Men1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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122
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123
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124
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Smith ER, Branscombe NR. Category accessibility as implicit memory. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(88)90048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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125
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Smith ER, Branscombe NR, Bormann C. Generality of the effects of practice on social judgment tasks. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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126
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Smith ER, Branscombe NR. Procedurally mediated social inferences: The case of category accessibility effects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(87)90036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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127
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Branscombe NR. Effects of hedonic valence and physiological arousal on emotion: A comparison of two theoretical perspectives. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00991573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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