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Sebesta O, Rettich F, Minár J, Halouzka J, Hubálek Z, Juricová Z, Rudolf I, Sikutová S, Gelbic I, Reiter P. Presence of the mosquito Anopheles hyrcanus in South Moravia, Czech Republic. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 23:284-286. [PMID: 19712159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During a survey of mosquitoes in the South Moravian lowland area, the mosquito Anopheles hyrcanus (Pallas) (Diptera: Culicidae) was found breeding in an ancient fishpond (Nesyt). It is not clear whether this southern Palaearctic species, a known vector of malaria in Asia which has not been recorded in the Czech Republic until this year, has gone undetected in the past or whether it has recently moved into the region as a result of climate change.
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Lacroix R, Delatte H, Hue T, Reiter P. Dispersal and survival of male and female Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) on Réunion Island. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 46:1117-1124. [PMID: 19769043 DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mouse-baited traps were used to assess the longevity and dispersal of male and female Aedes albopictus by mark-release-recapture at two sites on La Réunion Island. Recapture rate was high, and mosquitoes of both sexes appeared up to 23 d after release. A daily survival probability of approximately 0.95 for males and females, far higher than expected, was estimated from these results. There was evidence that both sexes prefer to follow corridors of vegetation rather than crossing open spaces. Populations of wild mosquitoes had parous and insemination rates indicative of a young population. These results are relevant to future attempts to control this species by sterile insect technology.
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53
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Reiter P. Can vector control suppress dengue transmission? MEDECINE TROPICALE : REVUE DU CORPS DE SANTE COLONIAL 2009; 69:335. [PMID: 19725381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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54
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Lacroix R, Delatte H, Hue T, Dehecq JS, Reiter P. Adaptation of the BG-Sentinel trap to capture male and female Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 23:160-162. [PMID: 19493196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the remarkable spread of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) throughout the world has drawn attention to this hitherto poorly studied species, particularly after its role in outbreaks of chikungunya fever in the western Indian Ocean and in Italy. Variants of sterile insect technique (SIT), including the release of transgenic males with a dominant lethal gene (RIDL), have been proposed in the search for new and innovative methods of control. Knowledge of male dispersal, mating behaviour and longevity will be critical to the success of this approach. We present an effective and practical method for trapping both male and female Ae. albopictus using a mouse-baited BG-Sentinel trap.
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Wieland O, Bracco A, Camera F, Benzoni G, Blasi N, Brambilla S, Crespi FCL, Leoni S, Million B, Nicolini R, Maj A, Bednarczyk P, Grebosz J, Kmiecik M, Meczynski W, Styczen J, Aumann T, Banu A, Beck T, Becker F, Caceres L, Doornenbal P, Emling H, Gerl J, Geissel H, Gorska M, Kavatsyuk O, Kavatsyuk M, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Lozeva R, Saito N, Saito T, Schaffner H, Wollersheim HJ, Jolie J, Reiter P, Warr N, deAngelis G, Gadea A, Napoli D, Lenzi S, Lunardi S, Balabanski D, LoBianco G, Petrache C, Saltarelli A, Castoldi M, Zucchiatti A, Walker J, Bürger A. Search for the pygmy dipole resonance in 68Ni at 600 MeV/nucleon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:092502. [PMID: 19392515 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The gamma decay from Coulomb excitation of 68Ni at 600 MeV/nucleon on a Au target was measured using the RISING setup at the fragment separator of GSI. The 68Ni beam was produced by a fragmentation reaction of 86Kr at 900 MeV/nucleon on a 9Be target and selected by the fragment separator. The gamma rays produced at the Au target were measured with HPGe detectors at forward angles and with BaF2 scintillators at backward angles. The measured spectra show a peak centered at approximately 11 MeV, whose intensity can be explained in terms of an enhanced strength of the dipole response function (pygmy resonance). Such pygmy structure has been predicted in this unstable neutron-rich nucleus by theory.
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Hartemink NA, Davis SA, Reiter P, Hubálek Z, Heesterbeek JAP. Importance of bird-to-bird transmission for the establishment of West Nile virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 7:575-84. [PMID: 17979541 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is principally considered to be maintained in a mosquito-bird transmission cycle. Under experimental conditions, several other transmission routes have been observed, but the significance of these additional routes in nature is unknown. Here, we derive an expression for the basic reproduction number (R0) for WNV including all putative routes of transmission between birds and mosquitoes to gauge the relative importance of these routes for the establishment of WNV. Parameters were estimated from published experimental results. Sensitivity analysis reveals that R0 is sensitive to transmission between birds via close contact, but not to mosquito-to-mosquito transmission. In seasons or in areas where the mosquito-to-bird ratio is low, bird-to-bird transmission may be crucial in determining whether WNV can establish or not. We explain the use of R0 as a flexible tool to measure the risk of establishment of vector-borne diseases.
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Reiter P. Climate change and mosquito-borne disease: knowing the horse before hitching the cart. REV SCI TECH OIE 2008; 27:383-398. [PMID: 18819667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Speculations on the potential impacts of climate change on human health often focus on the mosquito-borne diseases but ignore the complex interplay of the multitude of factors that are generally dominant in the dynamics of their transmission. A holistic view of this complexity - particularly the ecology and behaviour of the host and the ecology and behaviour of the vector - is the only valid starting point for assessing the significance of climate in the prevalence and incidence of these diseases.
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Ekström A, Cederkäll J, Fahlander C, Hjorth-Jensen M, Ames F, Butler PA, Davinson T, Eberth J, Fincke F, Görgen A, Górska M, Habs D, Hurst AM, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Iwanicki J, Kester O, Köster U, Marsh BA, Mierzejewski J, Reiter P, Scheit H, Schwalm D, Siem S, Sletten G, Stefanescu I, Tveten GM, Van de Walle J, Van Duppen P, Voulot D, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Wenander F, Zielińska M. 0(gs)+ -->2(1)+ transition strengths in 106Sn and 108Sn. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:012502. [PMID: 18764107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.012502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The reduced transition probabilities, B(E2; 0(gs)+ -->2(1)+), have been measured in the radioactive isotopes (108,106)Sn using subbarrier Coulomb excitation at the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN. Deexcitation gamma rays were detected by the highly segmented MINIBALL Ge-detector array. The results, B(E2;0(gs)+ -->2(1)+)=0.222(19)e2b2 for 108Sn and B(E2; 0(gs)+-->2(1)+)=0.195(39)e2b2 for 106Sn were determined relative to a stable 58Ni target. The resulting B(E2) values are approximately 30% larger than shell-model predictions and deviate from the generalized seniority model. This experimental result may point towards a weakening of the N=Z=50 shell closure.
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Stefanescu I, Georgiev G, Balabanski DL, Blasi N, Blazhev A, Bree N, Cederkäll J, Cocolios TE, Davinson T, Diriken J, Eberth J, Ekström A, Fedorov D, Fedosseev VN, Fraile LM, Franchoo S, Gladnishki K, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Ivanov V, Iwanicki J, Jolie J, Konstantinopoulos T, Kröll T, Krücken R, Köster U, Lagoyannis A, Lo Bianco G, Maierbeck P, Marsh BA, Napiorkowski P, Patronis N, Pauwels D, Rainovski G, Reiter P, Riisager K, Seliverstov M, Sletten G, Van de Walle J, Van Duppen P, Voulot D, Warr N, Wenander F, Wrzosek K. Interplay between single-particle and collective effects in the odd-A Cu isotopes beyond N=40. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:112502. [PMID: 18517779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Collective properties of the low-lying levels in the odd-A 67-73Cu were investigated by Coulomb excitation with radioactive beams. The beams were produced at ISOLDE and postaccelerated by REX-ISOLDE up to 2.99 MeV/u. In 67,69Cu, low-lying 1/2(-), 5/2(-), and 7/2(-) states were populated. In 71,73Cu, besides the known transitions deexciting the single-particle-like 5/2(-) and core-coupled 7/2(-) levels, gamma rays of 454 and 135 keV, respectively, were observed for the first time. Based on a reanalysis of beta-decay work and comparison with the systematics, a spin 1/2(-) is suggested for these excited states. Three B(E2) values were determined in each of the four isotopes. The results indicate a significant change in the structure of the odd-A Cu isotopes beyond N=40 where single-particle-like and collective levels are suggested to coexist at very low excitation energies.
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Van de Walle J, Aksouh F, Ames F, Behrens T, Bildstein V, Blazhev A, Cederkäll J, Clément E, Cocolios TE, Davinson T, Delahaye P, Eberth J, Ekström A, Fedorov DV, Fedosseev VN, Fraile LM, Franchoo S, Gernhauser R, Georgiev G, Habs D, Heyde K, Huber G, Huyse M, Ibrahim F, Ivanov O, Iwanicki J, Jolie J, Kester O, Köster U, Kröll T, Krücken R, Lauer M, Lisetskiy AF, Lutter R, Marsh BA, Mayet P, Niedermaier O, Nilsson T, Pantea M, Perru O, Raabe R, Reiter P, Sawicka M, Scheit H, Schrieder G, Schwalm D, Seliverstov MD, Sieber T, Sletten G, Smirnova N, Stanoiu M, Stefanescu I, Thomas JC, Valiente-Dobón JJ, Van Duppen P, Verney D, Voulot D, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Wenander F, Wolf BH, Zielińska M. Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich Zn isotopes: first observation of the 2(1)+ state in 80Zn. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:142501. [PMID: 17930664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutron-rich, radioactive Zn isotopes were investigated at the Radioactive Ion Beam facility REX-ISOLDE (CERN) using low-energy Coulomb excitation. The energy of the 2(1)+ state in 78Zn could be firmly established and for the first time the 2+ --> 0(1)+ transition in 80Zn was observed at 1492(1) keV. B(E2,2(1)+ --> 0(1)+) values were extracted for (74,76,78,80)Zn and compared to large scale shell model calculations. With only two protons outside the Z=28 proton core, 80Zn is the lightest N=50 isotone for which spectroscopic information has been obtained to date. Two sets of advanced shell model calculations reproduce the observed B(E2) systematics. The results for N=50 isotones indicate a good N=50 shell closure and a strong Z=28 proton core polarization. The new results serve as benchmarks to establish theoretical models, predicting the nuclear properties of the doubly magic nucleus 78Ni.
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Facchinelli L, Valerio L, Pombi M, Reiter P, Costantini C, Della Torre A. Development of a novel sticky trap for container-breeding mosquitoes and evaluation of its sampling properties to monitor urban populations of Aedes albopictus. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2007; 21:183-95. [PMID: 17550438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Collection methods currently used for large-scale sampling of adult Stegomyia mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) present several operational limitations, which constitute major drawbacks to the epidemiological surveillance of arboviruses, the evaluation of the impact of control strategies, and the surveillance of the spreading of allochthonous species into non-endemic regions. Here, we describe a new sticky trap designed to capture adult container-breeding mosquitoes and to monitor their population dynamics. We tested the sampling properties of the sticky trap in Rome, Italy, where Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is common. The results of our observations, and the comparison between sticky trap catches and catches made with the standard oviposition trap, are presented. The sticky trap collected significantly larger numbers of Ae. albopictus females than any other Culicidae species representing >90% of the total catches. A maximum of 83 An. albopictus females was collected in a single week. A high correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r= 0.96) was found between the number of females and the number of eggs collected by the traps. The functional relationship between the number of eggs and the number of adult females was assessed by major axis regression fitted to log(1 +x)-transformed trap counts as y= 0.065 + 1.695x. Trap samples significantly departed from a random distribution; Taylor's power law was fitted to the trap samples to quantify the degree of aggregation in the catches, returning the equations s(2)= 2.401 m(1.325) for the sticky trap and s(2)= 13.068 m(1.441) for the ovitrap, with s(2) and m denoting the weekly catch variance and mean, respectively, indicating that eggs were significantly more aggregated than mosquitoes (P < 0.0001). Taylor's power law parameters were used to estimate the minimum number of sample units necessary to obtain sample estimates with a fixed degree of precision and sensitivity. For the range of densities encountered in our study area during the Ae. albopictus breeding season, the sticky trap was more precise and sensitive than the ovitrap. At low population densities (c. < 0.1 mosquito/trap), however, the ovitrap was more sensitive at detecting the presence of this species. Overall, our results indicate that our new model of sticky trap can be used to sample Ae. albopictus females in urban environments, and, possibly, other container-breeding Stegomyia mosquitoes (e.g. Aedes aegypti). The technical properties of the new trap are discussed with respect to its possible application in monitoring the population dynamics of container-breeding mosquitoes, in studying their bionomics, and in vector surveillance and, possibly, control.
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Stefanescu I, Georgiev G, Ames F, Aystö J, Balabanski DL, Bollen G, Butler PA, Cederkäll J, Champault N, Davinson T, De Maesschalck A, Delahaye P, Eberth J, Fedorov D, Fedosseev VN, Fraile LM, Franchoo S, Gladnishki K, Habs D, Heyde K, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Iwanicki J, Jolie J, Jonson B, Kröll T, Krücken R, Kester O, Köster U, Lagoyannis A, Liljeby L, Lo Bianco G, Marsh BA, Niedermaier O, Nilsson T, Oinonen M, Pascovici G, Reiter P, Saltarelli A, Scheit H, Schwalm D, Sieber T, Smirnova N, Van De Walle J, Van Duppen P, Zemlyanoi S, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Wenander F. Coulomb excitation of 68,70Cu: first use of postaccelerated isomeric beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:122701. [PMID: 17501116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first low-energy Coulomb excitation measurements with radioactive Ipi=6- beams of odd-odd nuclei 68,70Cu. The beams were produced at ISOLDE, CERN and were post-accelerated by REX-ISOLDE to 2.83 MeV/nucleon. Gamma rays were detected with the MINIBALL spectrometer. The 6- beam was used to study the multiplet of states (3-, 4-, 5-, 6-) arising from the pi2p3/2 nu 1g9/2 configuration. The 4- state of the multiplet was populated via Coulomb excitation and the B(E2;6--->4-) value was determined in both nuclei. The results obtained illustrate the fragile stability of the Z=28 shell and N=40 subshell closures. A comparison with large-scale shell-model calculations using the 56Ni core shows the importance of the proton excitations across the Z=28 shell gap to the understanding of the nuclear structure in the neutron-rich nuclei with N approximately 40.
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Tandel SK, Khoo TL, Seweryniak D, Mukherjee G, Ahmad I, Back B, Blinstrup R, Carpenter MP, Chapman J, Chowdhury P, Davids CN, Hecht AA, Heinz A, Ikin P, Janssens RVF, Kondev FG, Lauritsen T, Lister CJ, Moore EF, Peterson D, Reiter P, Tandel US, Wang X, Zhu S. K isomers in 254No: probing single-particle energies and pairing strengths in the heaviest nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:082502. [PMID: 17026297 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have identified two isomers in 254No, built on two- and four-quasiparticle excitations, with quantum numbers K pi = 8- and (14+), as well as a low-energy 2-quasiparticle Kpi = 3+ state. The occurrence of isomers establishes that K is a good quantum number and therefore that the nucleus has an axial prolate shape. The 2-quasiparticle states probe the energies of the proton levels that govern the stability of superheavy nuclei, test 2-quasiparticle energies from theory, and thereby check their predictions of magic gaps.
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64
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Wilson AN, Singh AK, Hübel H, Davidson PM, Görgen A, Rossbach D, Korichi A, Astier A, Azaiez F, Bazzacco D, Bourgeois C, Buforn N, Byrne AP, Dracoulis GD, Hannachi F, Hauschild K, Korten W, Kröll T, Lane GJ, Lopez-Martens A, Redon N, Reiter P, Rossi-Alvarez C, Schonwasser G, Stezowski O, Thirolf PG. Excitation energies of superdeformed States in 196Pb: towards a systematic study of the second well in Pb isotopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:182501. [PMID: 16383897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The excitation energy of the lowest-energy superdeformed band in 196Pb is established using the techniques of time-correlated gamma-ray spectroscopy. Together with previous measurements on 192Pb and 194Pb, this result allows superdeformed excitation energies, binding energies, and two-proton and two-neutron separation energies to be studied systematically, providing stringent tests for current nuclear models. The results are examined for evidence of a "superdeformed shell gap."
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65
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Reiter P, Khoo TL, Ahmad I, Afanasjev AV, Heinz A, Lauritsen T, Lister CJ, Seweryniak D, Bhattacharyya P, Butler PA, Carpenter MP, Chewter AJ, Cizewski JA, Davids CN, Greene JP, Greenlees PT, Helariutta K, Herzberg RD, Janssens RVF, Jones GD, Julin R, Kankaanpää H, Kettunen H, Kondev FG, Kuusiniemi P, Leino M, Siem S, Sonzogni AA, Uusitalo J, Wiedenhöver I. Structure of the odd-A, shell-stabilized nucleus 253/102No. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:032501. [PMID: 16090736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.032501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopic measurements have been made on 253/102No. A single rotational band was identified up to a probable spin of 39/2planck, which is assigned to the 7/2(+)[624] Nilsson configuration. The bandhead energy and the moment of inertia provide discriminating tests of contemporary models of the heaviest nuclei. Novel methods were required to interpret the sparse data set associated with cross sections of around 50 nb. These methods included comparisons of experimental and simulated spectra, as well as testing for evidence of a rotational band in the gammagamma matrix.
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66
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Niedermaier O, Scheit H, Bildstein V, Boie H, Fitting J, von Hahn R, Köck F, Lauer M, Pal UK, Podlech H, Repnow R, Schwalm D, Alvarez C, Ames F, Bollen G, Emhofer S, Habs D, Kester O, Lutter R, Rudolph K, Pasini M, Thirolf PG, Wolf BH, Eberth J, Gersch G, Hess H, Reiter P, Thelen O, Warr N, Weisshaar D, Aksouh F, Van den Bergh P, Van Duppen P, Huyse M, Ivanov O, Mayet P, Van de Walle J, Aystö J, Butler PA, Cederkäll J, Delahaye P, Fynbo HOU, Fraile LM, Forstner O, Franchoo S, Köster U, Nilsson T, Oinonen M, Sieber T, Wenander F, Pantea M, Richter A, Schrieder G, Simon H, Behrens T, Gernhäuser R, Kröll T, Krücken R, Münch M, Davinson T, Gerl J, Huber G, Hurst A, Iwanicki J, Jonson B, Lieb P, Liljeby L, Schempp A, Scherillo A, Schmidt P, Walter G. "Safe" Coulomb excitation of 30Mg. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:172501. [PMID: 15904283 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first radioactive beam experiment performed at the recently commissioned REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN in conjunction with the highly efficient gamma spectrometer MINIBALL. Using 30Mg ions accelerated to an energy of 2.25 MeV/u together with a thin (nat)Ni target, Coulomb excitation of the first excited 2+ states of the projectile and target nuclei well below the Coulomb barrier was observed. From the measured relative deexcitation gamma-ray yields the B(E2;0(+)gs-->2(+)1) value of 30Mg was determined to be 241(31)e2 fm4. Our result is lower than values obtained at projectile fragmentation facilities using the intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation method, and confirms the theoretical conjecture that the neutron-rich magnesium isotope 30Mg resides outside the "island of inversion."
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67
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Spielman A, Andreadis TG, Apperson CS, Cornel AJ, Day JF, Edman JD, Fish D, Harrington LC, Kiszewski AE, Lampman R, Lanzaro GC, Matuschka FR, Munstermann LE, Nasci RS, Norris DE, Novak RJ, Pollack RJ, Reisen WK, Reiter P, Savage HM, Tabachnick WJ, Wesson DM. Outbreak of West Nile virus in North America. Science 2004; 306:1473-5; author reply 1473-5. [PMID: 15567836 DOI: 10.1126/science.306.5701.1473c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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68
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Ilievski S, Aumann T, Boretzky K, Elze TW, Emling H, Grünschloss A, Holeczek J, Holzmann R, Kozhuharov C, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Leistenschneider A, Lubkiewicz E, Ohtsuki T, Reiter P, Simon H, Stelzer K, Stroth J, Sümmerer K, Wajda E, Waluś W. Evidence for multiphonon giant resonances in electromagnetic fission of 238U. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:112502. [PMID: 15089127 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Differential cross sections for electromagnetic fission of 238U projectiles (500 MeV/u) in C, Sn, and Pb targets are measured and analyzed in terms of single- and multiphonon giant resonance excitations as doorway states to fission. A novel experimental method exploits the linear relationship between neutron multiplicity and the primary 238U excitation energy. Multiphonon states contribute up to 20% of the cross section; a component at high excitation energies is indicated that may arise from three-phonon dipole and two-phonon GDR x GQRiv giant resonance excitations.
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69
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Butler PA, Humphreys RD, Greenlees PT, Herzberg RD, Jenkins DG, Jones GD, Kankaanpää H, Kettunen H, Rahkila P, Scholey C, Uusitalo J, Amzal N, Bastin JE, Brew PMT, Eskola K, Gerl J, Hammond NJ, Hauschild K, Helariutta K, Hessberger FP, Hürstel A, Jones PM, Julin R, Juutinen S, Keenan A, Khoo TL, Korten W, Kuusiniemi P, Le Coz Y, Leino M, Leppänen AP, Muikku M, Nieminen P, Ødegård SW, Page T, Pakarinen J, Reiter P, Sletten G, Theisen C, Wollersheim HJ. Conversion electron cascades in 254(102)No. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:202501. [PMID: 12443472 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The spectrum of prompt conversion electrons emitted by excited 254No nuclei has been measured, revealing discrete lines arising from transitions within the ground state band. A striking feature is a broad distribution that peaks near 100 keV and comprises high multiplicity electron cascades, probably originating from M1 transitions within rotational bands built on high K states.
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Lauritsen T, Carpenter MP, Døssing T, Fallon P, Herskind B, Janssens RVF, Jenkins DG, Khoo TL, Kondev FG, Lopez-Martens A, Macchiavelli AO, Ward D, Abu Saleem KS, Ahmad I, Clark R, Cromaz M, Greene JP, Hannachi F, Heinz AM, Korichi A, Lane G, Lister CJ, Reiter P, Seweryniak D, Siem S, Vondrasek RC, Wiedenhöver I. Direct decay from the superdeformed band to the yrast line in 15266Dy86. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:042501. [PMID: 11801113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The excitation energy, spin, and parity of the yrast superdeformed band in 152Dy have been firmly established. The evidence comes mainly from the measured properties of a 4011 keV single-step transition connecting the yrast superdeformed level fed by the 693 keV transition to the 27- yrast state. Four additional, weaker, linking gamma rays have been placed as well. The excitation energy of the lowest superdeformed band member is 10 644 keV and its spin and parity are determined to be 24+.
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71
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Ideguchi E, Sarantites DG, Reviol W, Afanasjev AV, Devlin M, Baktash C, Janssens RV, Rudolph D, Axelsson A, Carpenter MP, Galindo-Uribarri A, LaFosse DR, Lauritsen T, Lerma F, Lister CJ, Reiter P, Seweryniak D, Weiszflog M, Wilson JN. Superdeformation in the doubly magic nucleus (40)(20)Ca(20). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:222501. [PMID: 11736396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.222501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A rotational band with seven gamma-ray transitions between states with spin 2 Planck's constant and 16 Planck's constant has been observed in the doubly magic, self-conjugate nucleus (40)(20)Ca(20). The measured transition quadrupole moment of 1.80(+0.39)(-0.29)eb indicates a superdeformed shape with a deformation beta(2) = 0.59(+0.11)(-0.07). The features of this band are explained by cranked relativistic mean field calculations to arise from an 8-particle 8-hole excitation.
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72
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Patz JA, McGeehin MA, Bernard SM, Ebi KL, Epstein PR, Grambsch A, Gubler DJ, Reiter P, Romieu I, Rose JB, Samet JM, Trtanj J. The potential health impacts of climate variability and change for the United States. Executive summary of the report of the health sector of the U.S. National Assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2001; 64:20-28. [PMID: 11544844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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73
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Bhattacharyya P, Daly PJ, Zhang CT, Grabowski ZW, Saha SK, Broda R, Fornal B, Ahmad I, Seweryniak D, Wiedenhöver I, Carpenter MP, Janssens RV, Khoo TL, Lauritsen T, Lister CJ, Reiter P, Blomqvist J. Magic nucleus 132Sn and its one-neutron-hole neighbor 131Sn. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:062502. [PMID: 11497825 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.062502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Prompt and delayed gamma-ray cascades in doubly magic 132Sn and its neighbor 131Sn have been studied at Gammasphere using a 248Cm fission source. Isotopic assignments of unknown gamma rays were based on coincidences with known transitions in A = 112-116 Pd fission partners. The yrast level spectra of both tin nuclei are interpreted using empirical nucleon-nucleon interactions from the 132Sn and 208Pb regions. Results include identification of the (nuf(7/2)h(-1)(11/2))9(+) aligned state in 132Sn and of extensive (nuf(7/2)h(-2)(11/2)), (nuf(7/2)d(-1)(3/2)h(-1)(11/2)) and (nuh(-1)(11/2)x3(-)) multiplets in 131Sn. The previously reported beta(-) decay of an unusual 131In high-spin isomer to levels in 131Sn is also elucidated.
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74
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Leistenschneider A, Aumann T, Boretzky K, Cortina D, Cub J, Datta Pramanik U, Dostal W, Elze TW, Emling H, Geissel H, Grünschloss A, Hellstr M, Holzmann R, Ilievski S, Iwasa N, Kaspar M, Kleinböhl A, Kratz JV, Kulessa R, Leifels Y, Lubkiewicz E, Münzenberg G, Reiter P, Rejmund M, Scheidenberger C, Schlegel C, Simon H, Stroth J, Sümmerer K, Wajda E, Walús W, Wan S. Photoneutron cross sections for unstable neutron-rich oxygen isotopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:5442-5445. [PMID: 11415271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dipole response of stable and unstable neutron-rich oxygen nuclei of masses A = 17 to A = 22 has been investigated experimentally utilizing electromagnetic excitation in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies about 600 MeV/nucleon. A kinematically complete measurement of the neutron decay channel in inelastic scattering of the secondary beam projectiles from a Pb target was performed. Differential electromagnetic excitation cross sections d sigma/dE were derived up to 30 MeV excitation energy. In contrast to stable nuclei, the deduced dipole strength distribution appears to be strongly fragmented and systematically exhibits a considerable fraction of low-lying strength.
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75
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Gubler DJ, Reiter P, Ebi KL, Yap W, Nasci R, Patz JA. Climate variability and change in the United States: potential impacts on vector- and rodent-borne diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2001; 109 Suppl 2:223-33. [PMID: 11359689 PMCID: PMC1240669 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.109-1240669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diseases such as plague, typhus, malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever, transmitted between humans by blood-feeding arthropods, were once common in the United States. Many of these diseases are no longer present, mainly because of changes in land use, agricultural methods, residential patterns, human behavior, and vector control. However, diseases that may be transmitted to humans from wild birds or mammals (zoonoses) continue to circulate in nature in many parts of the country. Most vector-borne diseases exhibit a distinct seasonal pattern, which clearly suggests that they are weather sensitive. Rainfall, temperature, and other weather variables affect in many ways both the vectors and the pathogens they transmit. For example, high temperatures can increase or reduce survival rate, depending on the vector, its behavior, ecology, and many other factors. Thus, the probability of transmission may or may not be increased by higher temperatures. The tremendous growth in international travel increases the risk of importation of vector-borne diseases, some of which can be transmitted locally under suitable circumstances at the right time of the year. But demographic and sociologic factors also play a critical role in determining disease incidence, and it is unlikely that these diseases will cause major epidemics in the United States if the public health infrastructure is maintained and improved.
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