51
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Martin AD, Chua SW, Au CG, Stefen H, Przybyla M, Lin Y, Bertz J, Thordarson P, Fath T, Ke YD, Ittner LM. Peptide Nanofiber Substrates for Long-Term Culturing of Primary Neurons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25127-25134. [PMID: 29979564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The culturing of primary neurons represents a central pillar of neuroscience research. Primary neurons are derived directly from brain tissue and recapitulate key aspects of neuronal development in an in vitro setting. Unlike neural stem cells, primary neurons do not divide; thus, initial attachment of cells to a suitable substrate is critical. Commonly used polylysine substrates can suffer from batch variability owing to their polymeric nature. Herein, we report the use of chemically well-defined, self-assembling tetrapeptides as substrates for primary neuronal culture. These water-soluble peptides assemble into fibers which facilitate adhesion and development of primary neurons, their long-term survival (>40 days), synaptic maturation, and electrical activity. Furthermore, these substrates are permissive toward neuronal transfection and transduction which, coupled with their uniformity and reproducible nature, make them suitable for a wide variety of applications in neuroscience.
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52
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Tan S, Healey R, Thordarson P, Finch A. Investigating the Impact of Altered Subunit Expression on Sweet Taste Receptor Surface Trafficking and Signaling. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.685.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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53
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Healey RD, Wojciechowski JP, Monserrat-Martinez A, Tan SL, Marquis CP, Sierecki E, Gambin Y, Finch AM, Thordarson P. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of N- and C-Terminal Protein Bioconjugates as G Protein-Coupled Receptor Agonists. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:403-409. [PMID: 29328675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist protein, thaumatin, was site-specifically conjugated at the N- or C-terminus with a fluorophore for visualization of GPCR:agonist interactions. The N-terminus was specifically conjugated using a synthetic 2-pyridinecarboxyaldehyde reagent. The interaction profiles observed for N- and C-terminal conjugates were varied; N-terminal conjugates interacted very weakly with the GPCR of interest, whereas C-terminal conjugates bound to the receptor. These chemical biology tools allow interactions of therapeutic proteins:GPCR to be monitored and visualized. The methodology used for site-specific bioconjugation represents an advance in application of 2-pyridinecarboxyaldehydes for N-terminal specific bioconjugations.
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54
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Wojciechowski JP, Martin AD, Thordarson P. Kinetically Controlled Lifetimes in Redox-Responsive Transient Supramolecular Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2869-2874. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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55
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Brynn Hibbert D, Thordarson P. The death of the Job plot, transparency, open science and online tools, uncertainty estimation methods and other developments in supramolecular chemistry data analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12792-12805. [PMID: 27779264 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Data analysis is central to understanding phenomena in host-guest chemistry. We describe here recent developments in this field starting with the revelation that the popular Job plot method is inappropriate for most problems in host-guest chemistry and that the focus should instead be on systematically fitting data and testing all reasonable binding models. We then discuss approaches for estimating uncertainties in binding studies using case studies and simulations to highlight key issues. Related to this is the need for ready access to data and transparency in the methodology or software used, and we demonstrate an example a webportal () that aims to address this issue. We conclude with a list of best-practice protocols for data analysis in supramolecular chemistry that could easily be translated to other related problems in chemistry including measuring rate constants or drug IC50 values.
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56
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Hassan M, Martin AD, Thordarson P. Engineering Biocompatible Scaffolds through the Design of Elastin‐Based Short Peptides. Chempluschem 2018; 83:47-52. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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57
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Aldilla VR, Martin AD, Nizalapur S, Marjo CE, Rich AM, Ho KKK, Ittner LM, Black DS, Thordarson P, Kumar N. Glyoxylamide-based self-assembly hydrogels for sustained ciprofloxacin delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6089-6098. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxylamide-based hydrogels have high ciprofloxacin (CIP) loading capacity and demonstrate a sustained release profile of over 15 days.
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58
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Healey RD, Lebhar H, Hornung S, Thordarson P, Marquis CP. An improved process for the production of highly purified recombinant thaumatin tagged-variants. Food Chem 2017; 237:825-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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59
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Wong CK, Mason AF, Stenzel MH, Thordarson P. Formation of non-spherical polymersomes driven by hydrophobic directional aromatic perylene interactions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1240. [PMID: 29093442 PMCID: PMC5665895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymersomes, made up of amphiphilic block copolymers, are emerging as a powerful tool in drug delivery and synthetic biology due to their high stability, chemical versatility, and surface modifiability. The full potential of polymersomes, however, has been hindered by a lack of versatile methods for shape control. Here we show that a range of non-spherical polymersome morphologies with anisotropic membranes can be obtained by exploiting hydrophobic directional aromatic interactions between perylene polymer units within the membrane structure. By controlling the extent of solvation/desolvation of the aromatic side chains through changes in solvent quality, we demonstrate facile access to polymersomes that are either ellipsoidal or tubular-shaped. Our results indicate that perylene aromatic interactions have a great potential in the design of non-spherical polymersomes and other structurally complex self-assembled polymer structures.
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60
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61
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Cheng X, McVey BFP, Robinson AB, Longatte G, O'Mara PB, Tan VTG, Thordarson P, Tilley RD, Gaus K, Justin Gooding J. Protease sensing using nontoxic silicon quantum dots. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-7. [PMID: 28836415 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.087002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein is presented a proof-of-concept study of protease sensing that combines nontoxic silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The SiQDs serve as the donor and an organic dye as the acceptor. The dye is covalently attached to the SiQDs using a peptide linker. Enzymatic cleavage of the peptide leads to changes in FRET efficiency. The combination of interfacial design and optical imaging presented in this work opens opportunities for use of nontoxic SiQDs relevant to intracellular sensing and imaging.
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62
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Beves JE, Harper JB, Thordarson P. 23 rd IUPAC Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry (ICPOC-23). PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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63
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Martin AD, Wojciechowski JP, Robinson AB, Heu C, Garvey CJ, Ratcliffe J, Waddington LJ, Gardiner J, Thordarson P. Controlling self-assembly of diphenylalanine peptides at high pH using heterocyclic capping groups. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43947. [PMID: 28272523 PMCID: PMC5341053 DOI: 10.1038/srep43947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS), it is shown that the existence of pre-assembled structures at high pH for a capped diphenylalanine hydrogel is controlled by the selection of N-terminal heterocyclic capping group, namely indole or carbazole. At high pH, changing from a somewhat hydrophilic indole capping group to a more hydrophobic carbazole capping group results in a shift from a high proportion of monomers to self-assembled fibers or wormlike micelles. The presence of these different self-assembled structures at high pH is confirmed through NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.
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64
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Rouse CK, Martin AD, Easton CJ, Thordarson P. A Peptide Amphiphile Organogelator of Polar Organic Solvents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43668. [PMID: 28255169 PMCID: PMC5334642 DOI: 10.1038/srep43668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A peptide amphiphile is reported, that gelates a range of polar organic solvents including acetonitrile/water, N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone, in a process dictated by β-sheet interactions and facilitated by the presence of an alkyl chain. Similarities with previously reported peptide amphiphile hydrogelators indicate analogous underlying mechanisms of gelation and structure-property relationships, suggesting that peptide amphiphile organogel design may be predictably based on hydrogel precedents.
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65
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Laos AJ, Dean JC, Toa ZSD, Wilk KE, Scholes GD, Curmi PMG, Thordarson P. Cooperative Subunit Refolding of a Light‐Harvesting Protein through a Self‐Chaperone Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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66
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Laos AJ, Dean JC, Toa ZSD, Wilk KE, Scholes GD, Curmi PMG, Thordarson P. Cooperative Subunit Refolding of a Light‐Harvesting Protein through a Self‐Chaperone Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8384-8388. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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67
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Du EY, Martin AD, Heu C, Thordarson P. The Use of Hydrogels as Biomimetic Materials for 3D Cell Cultures. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With the recent developments in cell cultures and biomimetic materials, there is growing evidence indicating that long-established two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques are slowly being phased out and replaced with three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. This is due to the 3D cell cultures better mimicking the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) where cells are found. The emergence of self-assembled hydrogels as an ECM mimic has revolutionised the field owing to their ability to closely simulate the fibrous nature of the ECM. Here, we review recent progress in using hydrogels as biomimetic materials in 3D cell cultures, particularly supramolecular peptide hydrogels. With greater comprehension of the behaviour of cells in these hydrogels, a cell culture system that can be used in a wide array of 3D culture-based applications can be developed.
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68
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McEwen H, Du EY, Mata JP, Thordarson P, Martin AD. Tuning hydrogels through metal-based gelation triggers. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9412-9417. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02140b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal capped tripeptides self-assemble into hydrogels with tuneable properties depending on gelation trigger, giving differences in structure, stiffness and biocompatibility.
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69
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Aldilla VR, Nizalapur S, Martin A, Marjo CE, Rich A, Yee E, Suwannakot P, Black DS, Thordarson P, Kumar N. Design, synthesis, and characterisation of glyoxylamide-based short peptides as self-assembled gels. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02248d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First example of glyoxylamide-based short peptides which can encapsulate organic solvents and water at relatively low concentrations.
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70
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Daryl Ariawan A, Webb JEA, Howe ENW, Gale PA, Thordarson P, Hunter L. Cyclic peptide unguisin A is an anion receptor with high affinity for phosphate and pyrophosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2962-2967. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unguisin A (1) is a marine-derived, GABA-containing cyclic heptapeptide with a high binding affinity for phosphates.
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71
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von Krbek LKS, Schalley CA, Thordarson P. Assessing cooperativity in supramolecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2622-2637. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this tutorial review, different aspects of cooperativity in supramolecular chemistry and their thermodynamic analysis are discussed.
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72
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Wojciechowski JP, Martin AD, Mason AF, Fife CM, Sagnella SM, Kavallaris M, Thordarson P. Choice of Capping Group in Tripeptide Hydrogels Influences Viability in the Three‐Dimensional Cell Culture of Tumor Spheroids. Chempluschem 2016; 82:383-389. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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73
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Mason AF, Thordarson P. Polymersomes with Asymmetric Membranes Based on Readily Accessible Di- and Triblock Copolymers Synthesized via SET-LRP. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1172-1175. [PMID: 35658179 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of nature is compartmentalization, and natural cell membranes are often asymmetric in terms of the inner and outer side. This communication describes work toward synthesizing such an asymmetric membrane from the bottom-up. A family of amphiphilic di- and triblock copolymers were synthesized via Cu(0)-mediated single electron transfer-living radical polymerization with the aim to generate polymer vesicles, or polymersomes, with an asymmetric membrane. Self-assembly of these polymeric amphiphiles in aqueous media was investigated using asymmetric field-flow fractionation and cryo-electron microscopy. Utilizing mixtures of diblock copolymers with differing hydrophilic moieties resulted in the formation of vesicles with an asymmetric segregation of charge between the inner and outer leaflet, confirmed by zeta potential measurements. These polymers, synthesized in good yields and using a biologically compatible method to induce self-assembly, have a promising range of applications from nanomedicine to synthetic cell research.
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74
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Mason AF, Thordarson P. Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry. J Vis Exp 2016. [DOI: 10.3791/54157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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75
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Gunawan CA, Nam EV, Marquis CP, Gooding JJ, Thordarson P, Zhao C. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Cytochrome
c
Peroxidase through the Orientation‐Controlled Immobilisation of Cytochrome
c. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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