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Fam JM, Ojeda S, Garbo R, Latib A, La Manna A, Vaquerizo B, Boukhris M, Vlachojannis GJ, van Geuns RJ, Ezhumalai B, Kawamoto H, van der Sijde J, Felix C, Pan M, Serdoz R, Boccuzzi GG, De Paolis M, Sardella G, Mancone M, Tamburino C, Smits PC, Di Mario C, Seth A, Serra A, Colombo A, Serruys P, Galassi AR, Zijlstra F, Van Mieghem NM, Diletti R. Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds for treatment of complex chronic total occlusions. EUROINTERVENTION 2017; 13:355-363. [PMID: 28218604 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-16-00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of coronary artery diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of BVS implantation in complex chronic total occlusions (CTO). METHODS AND RESULTS The present report is a multicentre registry evaluating results after BVS deployment in challenging CTO lesions, defined as J-CTO score ≥2 (difficult or very difficult). A total of 105 patients were included in the present analysis. The mean J-CTO score was 2.61 (difficult 52.4%, very difficult 47.6%). Device success and procedural success rates were 98.1% and 97.1%, respectively. The retrograde approach was used in 25.7% of cases. After wire crossing, predilatation was performed in all cases with a mean predilatation balloon diameter of 2.73±0.43 mm. The mean scaffold length was 59.75±25.85 mm, with post-dilatation performed in 89.5% of the cases and a mean post-dilatation balloon diameter of 3.35±0.44 mm. Post-PCI minimal lumen diameter was 2.50±0.51 mm and percentage diameter stenosis 14.53±10.31%. At six-month follow-up, a total of three events were reported: one periprocedural myocardial infarction, one late scaffold thrombosis and one additional target lesion revascularisation. CONCLUSIONS The present report suggests the feasibility of BVS implantation in complex CTO lesions, given adequate lesion preparation and post-dilatation, with good acute angiographic results and midterm clinical outcomes.
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Vlachojannis GJ, Smits PC, Hofma SH, Togni M, Vázquez N, Valdés M, Voudris V, Slagboom T, Goy JJ, den Heijer P, van der Ent M. Biodegradable Polymer Biolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Durable Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10:1215-1221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Smits PC, Assaf A, Richardt G, Omerovic E, Abdel-Wahab M, Neumann FJ. Design and rationale of the COMPARE-ACUTE trial: Fractional flow reserve-guided primary multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention to improve guideline indexed actual standard of care for treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with multivessel coronary disease. Am Heart J 2017; 186:21-28. [PMID: 28454829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
What the best strategy is for nonculprit lesions in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients presenting with multivessel disease remains a clinical dilemma. Based on recent clinical studies suggesting that complete revascularization in the acute phase is beneficial, the European Society of Cardiology and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines have been recently changed from class 3 discouragement to a class 2B recommendation concerning the treatment of the nonculprit lesions in the acute index procedure. However, in these recent studies, nonculprit lesion treatment was guided by angiography, which is known for its poor accuracy in determining ischemia. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) guidance for treatment of nonculprit vessels seems to be a reasonable approach, and in the acute setting of STEMI, it is not yet investigated. The COMPARE-ACUTE trial aims to investigate FFR-guided complete revascularization in comparison to a culprit lesion treatment-only strategy in STEMI patients with multivessel disease presenting for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS COMPARE-ACUTE is an investigator-initiated, prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial. After successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention, patients will be randomized in a 1:2 fashion toward FFR-guided complete revascularization or culprit lesion treatment-only strategies. The chosen primary end point is a composite of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, any revascularization, and cerebrovascular events (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events) at 12 months, with 3-year follow-up. Based on estimated event rates, a sample size of 885 patients is needed to show superiority of the FFR-guided revascularization with 80% power. CONCLUSION The aim of the COMPARE-ACUTE trial is to assess whether FFR-guided complete revascularization in the acute setting is superior to culprit lesion treatment-only therapy.
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Smits PC, Abdel-Wahab M, Neumann FJ, Boxma-de Klerk BM, Lunde K, Schotborgh CE, Piroth Z, Horak D, Wlodarczak A, Ong PJ, Hambrecht R, Angerås O, Richardt G, Omerovic E. Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Multivessel Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1234-1244. [PMID: 28317428 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to restore blood flow in an infarct-related coronary artery improves outcomes. The use of PCI in non-infarct-related coronary arteries remains controversial. METHODS We randomly assigned 885 patients with STEMI and multivessel disease who had undergone primary PCI of an infarct-related coronary artery in a 1:2 ratio to undergo complete revascularization of non-infarct-related coronary arteries guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) (295 patients) or to undergo no revascularization of non-infarct-related coronary arteries (590 patients). The FFR procedure was performed in both groups, but in the latter group, both the patients and their cardiologist were unaware of the findings on FFR. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, revascularization, and cerebrovascular events at 12 months. Clinically indicated elective revascularizations performed within 45 days after primary PCI were not counted as events in the group receiving PCI for an infarct-related coronary artery only. RESULTS The primary outcome occurred in 23 patients in the complete-revascularization group and in 121 patients in the infarct-artery-only group that did not receive complete revascularization, a finding that translates to 8 and 21 events per 100 patients, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22 to 0.55; P<0.001). Death occurred in 4 patients in the complete-revascularization group and in 10 patients in the infarct-artery-only group (1.4% vs. 1.7%) (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.25 to 2.56), myocardial infarction in 7 and 28 patients, respectively (2.4% vs. 4.7%) (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.13), revascularization in 18 and 103 patients (6.1% vs. 17.5%) (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.54), and cerebrovascular events in 0 and 4 patients (0 vs. 0.7%). An FFR-related serious adverse event occurred in 2 patients (both in the group receiving infarct-related treatment only). CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI and multivessel disease who underwent primary PCI of an infarct-related artery, the addition of FFR-guided complete revascularization of non-infarct-related arteries in the acute setting resulted in a risk of a composite cardiovascular outcome that was lower than the risk among those who were treated for the infarct-related artery only. This finding was mainly supported by a reduction in subsequent revascularizations. (Funded by Maasstad Cardiovascular Research and others; Compare-Acute ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01399736 .).
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Giustino G, Baber U, Salianski O, Sartori S, Stone GW, Leon MB, Aquino M, Stefanini GG, Steg PG, Windecker S, O' Donoghue M, Wijns W, Serruys PW, Valgimigli M, Morice MC, Camenzind E, Weisz G, Smits PC, Kandzari D, Von Birgelen C, Dangas GD, Cha JY, Galatius S, Jeger RV, Kimura T, Mikhail GW, Itchhaporia D, Mehta L, Ortega R, Kim HS, Kastrati A, Genereux P, Chieffo A, Mehran R. Safety and Efficacy of New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Women at High Risk for Atherothrombosis: From the Women in Innovation and Drug-Eluting Stents Collaborative Patient-Level Pooled Analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:e002995. [PMID: 26747850 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.115.002995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and efficacy of new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) in women with multiple atherothrombotic risk (ATR) factors is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We pooled patient-level data for women enrolled in 26 randomized trials. Study population was categorized based on the presence or absence of high ATR, which was defined as having history of diabetes mellitus, prior percutaneous or surgical coronary revascularization, or prior myocardial infarction. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular events defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization at 3 years of follow-up. Out of 10,449 women included in the pooled database, 5333 (51%) were at high ATR. Compared with women not at high ATR, those at high ATR had significantly higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (15.8% versus 10.6%; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 1.34-1.75; P=0.006) and all-cause mortality. In high-ATR risk women, the use of new-generation DES was associated with significantly lower risk of 3-year major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.92) compared with early-generation DES. The benefit of new-generation DES on major adverse cardiovascular events was uniform between high-ATR and non-high-ATR women, without evidence of interaction (Pinteraction=0.14). At landmark analysis, in high-ATR women, stent thrombosis rates were comparable between DES generations in the first year, whereas between 1 and 3 years, stent thrombosis risk was lower with new-generation devices. CONCLUSIONS Use of new-generation DES even in women at high ATR is associated with a benefit consistent over 3 years of follow-up and a substantial improvement in very-late thrombotic safety.
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Sotomi Y, Ishibashi Y, Suwannasom P, Nakatani S, Cho YK, Grundeken MJ, Zeng Y, Tateishi H, Smits PC, Barragan P, Kornowski R, Gershlick AH, Windecker S, van Geuns RJ, Bartorelli AL, de Winter RJ, Tijssen J, Serruys PW, Onuma Y. Acute Gain in Minimal Lumen Area Following Implantation of Everolimus-Eluting ABSORB Biodegradable Vascular Scaffolds or Xience Metallic Stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:1216-1227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gogas BD, Bourantas CV, Garcia-Garcia HM, Onuma Y, Muramatsu T, Farooq V, Diletti R, van Geuns RJM, De Bruyne B, Chevalier B, Thuesen L, Smits PC, Dudek D, Koolen J, Windecker S, Whitbourn R, McClean D, Dorange C, Miquel-Hebert K, Veldhof S, Rapoza R, Ormiston JA, Serruys PW. The edge vascular response following implantation of the Absorb everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold and the XIENCE V metallic everolimus-eluting stent. First serial follow-up assessment at six months and two years: insights from the first-in-man ABSORB Cohort B and SPIRIT II trials. EUROINTERVENTION 2016; 9:709-20. [PMID: 23628499 DOI: 10.4244/eijv9i6a115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess serially the edge vascular response (EVR) of a bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) compared to a metallic everolimus-eluting stent (EES). METHODS AND RESULTS Non-serial evaluations of the Absorb BVS at one year have previously demonstrated proximal edge constrictive remodelling and distal edge changes in plaque composition with increase of the percent fibro-fatty (FF) tissue component. The 5 mm proximal and distal segments adjacent to the implanted devices were investigated serially with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), post procedure, at six months and at two years, from the ABSORB Cohort B1 (n=45) and the SPIRIT II (n=113) trials. Twenty-two proximal and twenty-four distal edge segments were available for analysis in the ABSORB Cohort B1 trial. In the SPIRIT II trial, thirty-three proximal and forty-six distal edge segments were analysed. At the 5-mm proximal edge, the vessels treated with an Absorb BVS from post procedure to two years demonstrated a lumen loss (LL) of 6.68% (-17.33; 2.08) (p=0.027) with a trend toward plaque area increase of 7.55% (-4.68; 27.11) (p=0.06). At the 5-mm distal edge no major changes were evident at either time point. At the 5-mm proximal edge the vessels treated with a XIENCE V EES from post procedure to two years did not show any signs of LL, only plaque area decrease of 6.90% (-17.86; 4.23) (p=0.035). At the distal edge no major changes were evident with regard to either lumen area or vessel remodelling at the same time point. CONCLUSIONS The IVUS-based serial evaluation of the EVR up to two years following implantation of a bioresorbable everolimus-eluting scaffold shows a statistically significant proximal edge LL; however, this finding did not seem to have any clinical implications in the serial assessment. The upcoming imaging follow-up of the Absorb BVS at three years is anticipated to provide further information regarding the vessel wall behaviour at the edges.
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Giustino G, Baber U, Aquino M, Sartori S, Stone GW, Leon MB, Genereux P, Dangas GD, Chandrasekhar J, Kimura T, Salianski O, Stefanini GG, Steg PG, Windecker S, Wijns W, Serruys PW, Valgimigli M, Morice MC, Camenzind E, Weisz G, Smits PC, Kandzari DE, Galatius S, Von Birgelen C, Saporito R, Jeger RV, Mikhail GW, Itchhaporia D, Mehta L, Ortega R, Kim HS, Kastrati A, Chieffo A, Mehran R. Safety and Efficacy of New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Women Undergoing Complex Percutaneous Coronary Artery Revascularization. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:674-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oosterwerff EFJ, Fagel ND, Slagboom T, Tijssen JGP, Herrman JP, Smits PC, Suttorp MJ, Ronner E, Laarman GJ, Patterson MS, Amoroso G, Vink MA, van der Schaaf RJ, Verheugt FWA, Riezebos RK. Impact of percutaneous coronary intervention timing on 5-year outcome in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. The 'wait a day' approach might be safer. Neth Heart J 2016; 24:173-80. [PMID: 26860709 PMCID: PMC4771630 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-016-0803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The OPTIMA trial was a randomised multicentre trial exploring the influence of the timing of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on patient outcomes in an intermediate to high risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) population. In order to decide the best treatment strategy for patients presenting with NSTE-ACS, long-term outcomes are essential. Methods Five-year follow-up data from 133 of the 142 patients could be retrieved (94 %). The primary endpoint was a composite of death and spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI). Spontaneous MI was defined as MI occurring more than 30 days after randomisation. Secondary endpoints were the individual outcomes of death, spontaneous MI or re-PCI. Results No significant difference with respect to the primary endpoint was observed (17.8 vs. 10.1 %; HR 1.55, 95 % CI: 0.73–4.22, p = 0.21). There was no significant difference in mortality rate. However, spontaneous MI was significantly more common in the group receiving immediate PCI (11.0 vs. 1.4 %; HR 4.46, 95 % CI: 1.21–16.50, p = 0.02). We did not find a significant difference between the groups with respect to re-PCI rate. Conclusion There was no difference in the composite of death and spontaneous MI. The trial suggests an increased long-term risk of spontaneous MI for patients treated with immediate PCI.
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Baber U, Giustino G, Sartori S, Aquino M, Stefanini GG, Steg PG, Windecker S, Leon MB, Wijns W, Serruys PW, Valgimigli M, Stone GW, Dangas GD, Morice MC, Camenzind E, Weisz G, Smits PC, Kandzari D, Von Birgelen C, Mastoris I, Galatius S, Jeger RV, Kimura T, Mikhail GW, Itchhaporia D, Mehta L, Ortega R, Kim HS, Kastrati A, Chieffo A, Mehran R. Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease in Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vlachojannis GJ, Royaards KJ, Koper MA, Boxma-de Klerk BM, van den Berg V, Wassing J, Smits PC. TCT-535 5 year experience with the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold: The Maasstad Absorb Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Giustino G, Salianski O, Baber U, Sartori S, Aquino M, Stefanini GG, Leon M, Stone GW, Morice MC, Smits PC, von Birgelen C, Mikhail G, Kastrati A, Chieffo A, Mehran R. TCT-577 Early- Versus New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Women at High Risk for Atherothrombosis: Results froma Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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113
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Smits PC, Abizaid A. TCT-16 Do overlapping scaffolds have an impact on clinical outcome? Analysis of the ABSORB-EXTEND single arm study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Smits PC, Lunde K, Omerovic E, Schotborgh CE, Richardt G, Abdel-Wahab M, Neumann FJ, Ong P, Hambrecht R, Wlodarczak A, Kala P, Piroth Z, Danse PW, Boxma-de Klerk BM, Vlachojannis GJ. TCT-1 High number of angiographic significant lesions are FFR negative in STEMI patients with multi-vessel disease: preliminary insight into the COMPARE-ACUTE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Van Geuns RJ, De Bruyne B, Dudek D, Christiansen EH, Chevalier B, Smits PC, McCLean D, Koolen J, Windecker S, Whitbourn RJ, Meredith IT, Wasungu L, Ediebah DE, Veldhof S, Ormiston JA. TCT-11 Five-year Follow up of the First in Man use of a Polylactide Bioresorbable Scaffold Eluting Everolimus for Treatment of Coronary Stenosis; A Serial Multi-Imaging Modality Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yetgin T, de Vries AG, Smits PC, Boersma E, Van Geuns RJ, Zijlstra F, van der Linden M. TCT-182 One-year Outcomes With Prasugrel (Pre-)Treatment in Routine Practice: Early Results from the Dutch, Multicenter and Observational Rijnmond Collective Cardiology Research (CCR) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Giustino G, Baber U, Stefanini GG, Aquino M, Stone GW, Sartori S, Steg PG, Wijns W, Smits PC, Jeger RV, Leon MB, Windecker S, Serruys PW, Morice MC, Camenzind E, Weisz G, Kandzari D, Dangas GD, Mastoris I, Von Birgelen C, Galatius S, Kimura T, Mikhail G, Itchhaporia D, Mehta L, Ortega R, Kim HS, Valgimigli M, Kastrati A, Chieffo A, Mehran R. Impact of Clinical Presentation (Stable Angina Pectoris vs Unstable Angina Pectoris or Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction vs ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) on Long-Term Outcomes in Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:845-52. [PMID: 26174605 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The long-term risk associated with different coronary artery disease (CAD) presentations in women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) is poorly characterized. We pooled patient-level data for women enrolled in 26 randomized clinical trials. Of 11,577 women included in the pooled database, 10,133 with known clinical presentation received a DES. Of them, 5,760 (57%) had stable angina pectoris (SAP), 3,594 (35%) had unstable angina pectoris (UAP) or non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and 779 (8%) had ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as clinical presentation. A stepwise increase in 3-year crude cumulative mortality was observed in the transition from SAP to STEMI (4.9% vs 6.1% vs 9.4%; p <0.01). Conversely, no differences in crude mortality rates were observed between 1 and 3 years across clinical presentations. After multivariable adjustment, STEMI was independently associated with greater risk of 3-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 3.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99 to 5.98; p <0.01), whereas no differences were observed between UAP or NSTEMI and SAP (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.34; p = 0.94). In women with ACS, use of new-generation DES was associated with reduced risk of major adverse cardiac events (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.98). The magnitude and direction of the effect with new-generation DES was uniform between women with or without ACS (pinteraction = 0.66). In conclusion, in women across the clinical spectrum of CAD, STEMI was associated with a greater risk of long-term mortality. Conversely, the adjusted risk of mortality between UAP or NSTEMI and SAP was similar. New-generation DESs provide improved long-term clinical outcomes irrespective of the clinical presentation in women.
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Palmerini T, Benedetto U, Biondi-Zoccai G, Della Riva D, Bacchi-Reggiani L, Smits PC, Vlachojannis GJ, Jensen LO, Christiansen EH, Berencsi K, Valgimigli M, Orlandi C, Petrou M, Rapezzi C, Stone GW. Long-Term Safety of Drug-Eluting and Bare-Metal Stents: Evidence From a Comprehensive Network Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:2496-507. [PMID: 26065988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses have investigated the relative safety and efficacy profiles of different types of drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare-metal stents (BMS); however, most prior trials in these meta-analyses reported follow-up to only 1 year, and as such, the relative long-term safety and efficacy of these devices are unknown. Many recent studies have now reported extended follow-up data. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of durable polymer-based DES, bioabsorbable polymer-based biolimus-eluting stents (BES), and BMS by means of network meta-analysis. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing DES to each other or to BMS were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases and proceedings of international meetings. Information on study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample characteristics, and clinical outcomes was extracted. RESULTS Fifty-one trials that included a total of 52,158 randomized patients with follow-up duration ≥3 years were analyzed. At a median follow-up of 3.8 years, cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stents (EES) were associated with lower rates of mortality, definite stent thrombosis (ST), and myocardial infarction than BMS, paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES), and sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and less ST than BES. Phosphorylcholine-based zotarolimus-eluting stents had lower rates of definite ST than SES and lower rates of myocardial infarction than BMS and PES. The late rates of target-vessel revascularization were reduced with all DES compared with BMS, with cobalt-chromium EES, platinum chromium-EES, SES, and BES also having lower target-vessel revascularization rates than PES. CONCLUSIONS After a median follow-up of 3.8 years, all DES demonstrated superior efficacy compared with BMS. Among DES, second-generation devices have substantially improved long-term safety and efficacy outcomes compared with first-generation devices.
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Smits PC, Vlachojannis GJ, McFadden EP, Royaards KJ, Wassing J, Joesoef KS, van Mieghem C, van de Ent M. Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Everolimus- and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vlachojannis GJ, Smits PC, Hofma SH, Togni M, Vázquez N, Valdés M, Voudris V, Puricel S, Slagboom T, Goy JJ, den Heijer P, van der Ent M. Long-term clinical outcomes of biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease: three-year follow-up of the COMPARE II (Abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent) trial. EUROINTERVENTION 2015. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv11i3a53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hofma SH, Smits PC, Brouwer J, Velders MA, van ’t Hof AW, Queré M, de Vries CJ, van Boven AJ. Long-term follow-up of second-generation everolimus-eluting stents versus first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction: three-year results of the XAMI trial. EUROINTERVENTION 2015; 10:1280-3. [DOI: 10.4244/eijy15m01_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Garcia-Garcia HM, Muramatsu T, van Geuns RJ, de Bruyne B, Dudek D, Thuesen L, Smits PC, Chevalier B, McClean D, Koolen J, Windecker S, Whitbourn R, Meredith I, Dorange C, Veldhof S, Hebert KM, Rapoza R, Ormiston JA. Dynamics of vessel wall changes following the implantation of the absorb everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold: a multi-imaging modality study at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. EUROINTERVENTION 2014; 9:1271-84. [PMID: 24291783 DOI: 10.4244/eijv9i11a217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess observations with multimodality imaging of the Absorb bioresorbable everolimus-eluting vascular scaffold performed in two consecutive cohorts of patients who were serially investigated either at 6 and 24 months or at 12 and 36 months. METHODS AND RESULTS In the ABSORB multicentre single-arm trial, 45 patients (cohort B1) and 56 patients (cohort B2) underwent serial invasive imaging, specifically quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), radiofrequency backscattering (IVUS-VH) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Between one and three years, late luminal loss remained unchanged (6 months: 0.19 mm, 1 year: 0.27 mm, 2 years: 0.27 mm, 3 years: 0.29 mm) and the in-segment angiographic restenosis rate for the entire cohort B (n=101) at three years was 6%. On IVUS, mean lumen, scaffold, plaque and vessel area showed enlargement up to two years. Mean lumen and scaffold area remained stable between two and three years whereas significant reduction in plaque behind the struts occurred with a trend toward adaptive restrictive remodelling of EEM. Hyperechogenicity of the vessel wall, a surrogate of the bioresorption process, decreased from 23.1% to 10.4% with a reduction of radiofrequency backscattering for dense calcium and necrotic core. At three years, the count of strut cores detected on OCT increased significantly, probably reflecting the dismantling of the scaffold; 98% of struts were covered. In the entire cohort B (n=101), the three-year major adverse cardiac event rate was 10.0% without any scaffold thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS The current investigation demonstrated the dynamics of vessel wall changes after implantation of a bioresorbable scaffold, resulting at three years in stable luminal dimensions, a low restenosis rate and a low clinical major adverse cardiac events rate. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00856856.
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Vlachojannis GJ, Royaards KJ, Koper MA, Kraaijeveld AO, Boxma-de Klerk BM, Wassing J, van der Ent M, Smits PC. TCT-26 Comparison of everolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting coronary stents in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: 5 year follow-up from the COMPARE I trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Smits PC, Vlachojannis GJ, Lunde K, Omerovic E, Schotborgh CE, Richardt G, Abdel-Wahab M, Neumann FJ, Hambrecht R, Wlodarczak A, Kala P, Piroth Z, Nienaber CA. TCT-328 FFR-guided complete revascularization during primary PCI: Preliminary data from the COMPARE ACUTE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Verheye S, Carrié D, Khattab A, Slagboom T, berland J, Horak J, Vrolix M, Smits PC, Legrand VM, Van Mieghem NM, Fajadet J, Schofer J, Stella PR. TCT-599 Final procedural, 30-day and 6-month angiographic, clinical and OCT outcomes from the DIRECT II Trial using the Svelte Integrated Delivery System with Enzymatic Bioabsorbable Sirolimus Coating. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vlachojannis GJ, Royaards KJ, Koper MA, Kraaijeveld AO, Boxma-de Klerk BM, Wassing J, van der Ent M, Smits PC. TCT-589 Comparison of everolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting coronary stents in diabetic patients: 5 year follow up from the COMPARE I trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smits PC, Vlachojannis GJ, Hofma SH, Togni M, Vazquez N, Valdes M, Voudris V, Slagboom T, Goy JJ, Vuillomenet A, Serra A, Trillo R, Heijer PD, van der Ent M. TCT-584 Abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent: 3 Year Follow-Up from the COMPARE II trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vlachojannis GJ, Smits PC, Royaards KJ, Koper MA, Boxma-de Klerk BM, Kraaijeveld AO, Wassing J, van der Ent M. TCT-622 5 year experience with the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold: The Maasstad Absorb Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smits PC, Vlachojannis GJ, Kozuma K, Natsuaki M, Kimura T. TCT-644 Stent thrombosis rates of the biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus the durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent in all-comers undergoing PCI: A pooled analysis of the COMPARE II and NEXT trials at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Smits PC. TCT-615 ABSORB EXTEND: An Interim Report on the 36-month Clinical Outcomes from the First 250 Patients Enrolled. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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131
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Velders MA, van Boven AJ, Brouwer J, Smits PC, van 't Hof AWJ, de Vries CJ, Queré M, Hofma SH. Everolimus- and sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with and without ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Neth Heart J 2014; 22:167-73. [PMID: 24522952 PMCID: PMC3954924 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-014-0525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Everolimus-eluting stents (EES) were superior to sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) in a dedicated myocardial infarction trial, a finding that was not observed in trials with low percentages of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of clinical presentation on outcome after EES and SES implantation. Methods A pooled population of 1602 randomised patients was formed from XAMI (acute MI trial) and APPENDIX-AMI (all-comer trial). Primary outcome was cardiac mortality, MI and target vessel revascularisation at 2 years. Secondary endpoints included definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST). Adjustment was done using Cox regression. Results In total, 902 EES and 700 SES patients were included, of which 44 % STEMI patients (EES 455; SES 257) and 56 % without STEMI (EES 447; SES 443). In the pooled population, EES and SES showed similar outcomes during follow-up. Moreover, no differences in the endpoints were observed after stratification according to presentation. Although a trend toward reduced early definite/probable ST was observed in EES compared with SES in STEMI patients, long-term ST rates were low and comparable. Conclusions EES and SES showed a similar outcome during 2-year follow-up, regardless of clinical presentation. Long-term safety was excellent for both devices, despite wide inclusion criteria and a large sub-population of STEMI patients.
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Stefanini GG, Baber U, Windecker S, Morice MC, Sartori S, Leon MB, Stone GW, Serruys PW, Wijns W, Weisz G, Camenzind E, Steg PG, Smits PC, Kandzari D, Von Birgelen C, Galatius S, Jeger RV, Kimura T, Mikhail GW, Itchhaporia D, Mehta L, Ortega R, Kim HS, Valgimigli M, Kastrati A, Chieffo A, Mehran R. Safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents in women: a patient-level pooled analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2013; 382:1879-88. [PMID: 24007976 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DES) in the treatment of coronary artery disease have been assessed in several randomised trials. However, none of these trials were powered to assess the safety and efficacy of DES in women because only a small proportion of recruited participants were women. We therefore investigated the safety and efficacy of DES in female patients during long-term follow-up. METHODS We pooled patient-level data for female participants from 26 randomised trials of DES and analysed outcomes according to stent type (bare-metal stents, early-generation DES, and newer-generation DES). The primary safety endpoint was a composite of death or myocardial infarction. The secondary safety endpoint was definite or probable stent thrombosis. The primary efficacy endpoint was target-lesion revascularisation. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS Of 43,904 patients recruited in 26 trials of DES, 11,557 (26·3%) were women (mean age 67·1 years [SD 10·6]). 1108 (9·6%) women received bare-metal stents, 4171 (36·1%) early-generation DES, and 6278 (54·3%) newer-generation DES. At 3 years, estimated cumulative incidence of the composite of death or myocardial infarction occurred in 132 (12·8%) women in the bare-metal stent group, 421 (10·9%) in the early-generation DES group, and 496 (9·2%) in the newer-generation DES group (p=0·001). Definite or probable stent thrombosis occurred in 13 (1·3%), 79 (2·1%), and 66 (1·1%) women in the bare-metal stent, early-generation DES, and newer-generation DES groups, respectively (p=0·01). The use of DES was associated with a significant reduction in the 3 year rates of target-lesion revascularisation (197 [18·6%] women in the bare-metal stent group, 294 [7·8%] in the early-generation DES group, and 330 [6·3%] in the newer-generation DES group, p<0·0001). Results did not change after adjustment for baseline characteristics in the multivariable analysis. INTERPRETATION The use of DES in women is more effective and safe than is use of bare-metal stents during long-term follow-up. Newer-generation DES are associated with an improved safety profile compared with early-generation DES, and should therefore be thought of as the standard of care for percutaneous coronary revascularisation in women. FUNDING Women in Innovation Initiative of the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions.
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Smits PC, Sheikjoesoef K, Royaards KJ, Vlachojannis G, Kedhi E, Wassing J, McFadden EP, Van Mieghem C, van der Ent M. TCT-13 Final Five Year Results From The All-comer COMPARE Trial: A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Everolimus-Eluting vs. Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Onuma Y, Serruys PW, Muramatsu T, Nakatani S, Van Geuns RJ, De Bruyne B, Dudek D, Thuesen L, Smits PC, Chevalier B, Koolen J, Windecker S, Whitbourn RJ, Meredith IT, Garcia-Garcia HM, Veldhof S, Rapoza R, Ormiston JA. TCT-592 Incidence, imaging and clinical outcomes of acute scaffold disruption and late structural discontinuity after implantation of the Absorb everolimus-eluting fully bioresorbable vascular scaffold: Optical coherence tomography assessment in the ABSORB Cohort B trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Smits PC, Debusschere N, Royaards KJ, De Beule M, Mortier P. TCT-424 Bifurcation Bench Testing With The Bioresorable Vascular Scaffold: Implications For Clinical Use. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nakatani S, Onuma Y, Muramatsu T, Ishibashi Y, Van Geuns RJ, Chevalier B, Dudek D, Thuesen L, Smits PC, De Bruyne B, Koolen J, Windecker S, Whitbourn RJ, Meredith IT, Rapoza R, Garcia-Garcia HM, Ormiston JA, Serruys PW. TCT-593 In Vivo Assessment of the Bioresorption process of Everolimus-eluting PLLA Scaffold: a Light Intensity Analysis of Sequential Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging post Procedure, and at 1 and 3 Years in The ABSORB Cohort B2 Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hofma S, Smits PC, van't Hof A, Velders M, van Boven A. TCT-238 Low Event Rates At Long-term Follow-up In The Randomized Myocardial Infarction XAMI Trial Comparing First And Second Generation Drug Eluting Stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nieman K, Serruys PW, Onuma Y, van Geuns RJ, Garcia-Garcia HM, de Bruyne B, Thuesen L, Smits PC, Koolen JJ, McClean D, Chevalier B, Meredith I, Ormiston J. Multislice computed tomography angiography for noninvasive assessment of the 18-month performance of a novel radiolucent bioresorbable vascular scaffolding device: the ABSORB trial (a clinical evaluation of the bioabsorbable everolimus eluting coronary stent system in the treatment of patients with de novo native coronary artery lesions). J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1813-4. [PMID: 23933536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Palmerini T, Biondi-Zoccai G, Della Riva D, Mariani A, Sabaté M, Valgimigli M, Frati G, Kedhi E, Smits PC, Kaiser C, Genereux P, Galatius S, Kirtane AJ, Stone GW. Clinical outcomes with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: evidence from a comprehensive network meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:496-504. [PMID: 23747778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors investigated the relative safety and efficacy of different drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare metal stents (BMS) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using a network meta-analysis. BACKGROUND The relative safety of DES and BMS in patients with STEMI continues to be debated, and whether advances have been made in this regard with second-generation DES is unknown. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing currently U.S. approved DES or DES with BMS in patients with STEMI were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Information on study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample characteristics, and clinical outcomes was extracted. RESULTS Twenty-two trials including 12,453 randomized patients were analyzed. At 1-year follow-up, cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents (CoCr-EES) were associated with significantly lower rates of cardiac death or myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis (ST) than BMS. Differences in ST were apparent as early as 30 days and were maintained for 2 years. CoCr-EES were also associated with significantly lower rates of 1-year ST than paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES). Sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) were also associated with significantly lower rates of 1-year cardiac death/myocardial infarction than BMS. CoCr-EES, PES, and SES, but not zotarolimus-eluting stents, had significantly lower rates of 1-year target vessel revascularization (TVR) than BMS, with SES also showing lower rates of TVR than PES. CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI, steady improvements in outcomes have been realized with the evolution from BMS to first-generation and now second-generation DES, with the most favorable safety and efficacy profile thus far demonstrated with CoCr-EES.
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Hofma SH, Brouwer J, Velders MA, van't Hof AWJ, Smits PC, Queré M, de Vries CJ, van Boven AJ. Second-generation everolimus-eluting stents versus first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction. 1-year results of the randomized XAMI (XienceV Stent vs. Cypher Stent in Primary PCI for Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60:381-7. [PMID: 22835668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of second-generation everolimus-eluting stents (EES) with first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND Drug-eluting stents (DES) in AMI are still feared for possible late and very late stent thrombosis (ST). Newer-generation DES, with more hemocompatible polymers and improved healing, may show promise regarding increased efficacy of DES with improved safety. However, no randomized trials in AMI are available. METHODS A total of 625 patients with AMI were randomized (2:1) to receive EES or SES in the XAMI (XienceV Stent vs Cypher Stent in Primary PCI for Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial. Primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 1 year consisting of cardiac death, nonfatal AMI, or any target vessel revascularization. The study was powered for noninferiority of EES. Secondary endpoints comprised ST rates and MACE rate up to 3 years. RESULTS The MACE rate was 4.0% for EES and 7.7% for SES; the absolute difference was -3.7% (95% confidence interval: -8.28 to -0.03; p = 0.048) and relative risk was 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.27 to 1.00). One-year cardiac mortality was low at 1.5% for EES versus 2.7% for SES (p = 0.36), and 1-year incidence of definite and/or probable ST was 1.2% for EES versus 2.7% for SES (p = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS In this all-comer, randomized, multicenter AMI trial, second-generation EES was noninferior to SES, and superiority for MACE was suggested. ST rate in EES at 1-year was low, but long-term follow-up and larger studies will have to show whether very late ST rates will also be improved in newer DES. (XienceV Stent vs Cypher Stent in Primary PCI for Acute Myocardial Infarction [XAMI]; NTR1123).
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Ormiston JA, Serruys PW, Onuma Y, van Geuns RJ, de Bruyne B, Dudek D, Thuesen L, Smits PC, Chevalier B, McClean D, Koolen J, Windecker S, Whitbourn R, Meredith I, Dorange C, Veldhof S, Hebert KM, Rapoza R, Garcia-Garcia HM. First serial assessment at 6 months and 2 years of the second generation of absorb everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold: a multi-imaging modality study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:620-32. [PMID: 23048057 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.112.971549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonserial observations have shown this bioresorbable scaffold to have no signs of area reduction at 6 months and recovery of vasomotion at 1 year. Serial observations at 6 months and 2 years have to confirm the absence of late restenosis or unfavorable imaging outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS The ABSORB trial is a multicenter single-arm trial assessing the safety and performance of an everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold. Forty-five patients underwent serial invasive imaging, such as quantitative coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography at 6 and 24 months of follow-up. From 6 to 24 months, late luminal loss increased from 0.16±0.18 to 0.27±0.20 mm on quantitative coronary angiography, with an increase in neointima of 0.68±0.43 mm(2) on optical coherence tomography and 0.17±0.26 mm(2) on intravascular ultrasound. Struts still recognizable on optical coherence tomography at 2 years showed 99% of neointimal coverage with optical and ultrasonic signs of bioresorption accompanied by increase in mean scaffold area compared with baseline (0.54±1.09 mm(2) on intravascular ultrasound, P=0.003 and 0.77±1.33 m(2) on optical coherence tomography, P=0.016). Two-year major adverse cardiac event rate was 6.8% without any scaffold thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS This serial analysis of the second generation of the everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold confirmed, at medium term, the safety and efficacy of the new device. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00856856.
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Palmerini T, Sangiorgi D, Reggiani LB, Kirtane AJ, Stone GW, Serruys PW, Smits PC, Kedhi E, Kereiakes D, Kaiser C, Kim HS, De Waha A, Ribichini F. Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Stent Thrombosis with Everolimus-Eluting Stents: Meta-Analysis of Comparative Randomized Controlled Trials”. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.112.973131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Palmerini T, Kirtane AJ, Serruys PW, Smits PC, Kedhi E, Kereiakes D, Sangiorgi D, Reggiani LB, Kaiser C, Kim HS, De Waha A, Ribichini F, Stone GW. Stent Thrombosis With Everolimus-Eluting Stents. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:357-64. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.111.967083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Some but not all studies have reported reduced rates of stent thrombosis (ST) with everolimus-eluting stents (EES) compared with other drug-eluting stents (DES). All of these studies were insufficiently powered to reliably detect differences in ST. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the risk of 2-year definite ST between EES and other DES.
Methods and Results—
Randomized controlled trials comparing EES versus other DES were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and proceedings of international meetings. Information on study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample characteristics, and clinical outcomes was extracted. Eleven randomized controlled trials (16 775 patients) were analyzed, including 5 trials (n=7113) of EES versus paclitaxel-eluting stents, 5 trials (n=7370) of EES versus sirolimus-eluting stents, and 1 trial (n=2292) of EES versus zotarolimus-eluting stents. By 2 years definite ST with EES compared with pooled DES occurred in 0.5% versus 1.3% patients, respectively (relative risk, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.24–0.59;
P
<0.0001). Similar results were observed when the broader definition of definite/probable ST was considered (relative risk, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33–0.66;
P
<0.0001). EES compared with other DES reduced the relative risk of early ST (within 30 days), late ST (31 days to 1 year), cumulative 1-year ST, and very late ST (1–2 years). The reduced rate of definite ST observed with EES was consistent across all DES comparators with no interactions apparent during any time interval.
Conclusions—
EES compared with a pooled group of paclitaxel-eluting stents, sirolimus-eluting stents, and zotarolimus-eluting stents is associated with a significant reduction of definite ST, an effect that appears early and increases in magnitude through at least 2 years.
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Gogas BD, Serruys PW, Diletti R, Farooq V, Brugaletta S, Radu MD, Heo JH, Onuma Y, van Geuns RJM, Regar E, De Bruyne B, Chevalier B, Thuesen L, Smits PC, Dudek D, Koolen J, Windecker S, Whitbourn R, Miquel-Hebert K, Dorange C, Rapoza R, Garcia-Garcia HM, McClean D, Ormiston JA. Vascular Response of the Segments Adjacent to the Proximal and Distal Edges of the ABSORB Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold: 6-Month and 1-Year Follow-Up Assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:656-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brugaletta S, Heo JH, Garcia-Garcia HM, Farooq V, van Geuns RJ, de Bruyne B, Dudek D, Smits PC, Koolen J, McClean D, Dorange C, Veldhof S, Rapoza R, Onuma Y, Bruining N, Ormiston JA, Serruys PW. Endothelial-dependent vasomotion in a coronary segment treated by ABSORB everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold system is related to plaque composition at the time of bioresorption of the polymer: indirect finding of vascular reparative therapy? Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1325-33. [PMID: 22507972 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To analyse the vasoreactivity of a coronary segment, previously scaffolded by the ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) device, in relationship to its intravascular ultrasound-virtual histology (IVUS-VH) composition and reduction in greyscale echogenicity of the struts. Coronary segments, transiently scaffolded by a polymeric device, may in the long-term recover a normal vasomotor tone. Recovery of a normal endothelial-dependent vasomotion may be enabled by scaffold bioresorption, composition of the underlying tissue, or a combination of both mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients from the ABSORB Cohort A and B trials, who underwent a vasomotion test and IVUS-VH investigation at 12 and 24 months, were included. Acetylcholine (Ach) and nitroglycerin were used to test either the endothelial-dependent or -independent vasomotion of the treated segment. Changes in polymeric strut echogenicity-a surrogate for bioresorption-IVUS-VH composition of the tissue underneath the scaffold and their relationship with the pharmacologically induced vasomotion were all evaluated. Overall, 26 patients underwent the vasomotion test (18 at 12 and 8 at 24 months). Vasodilatory response to Ach was quantitatively associated with larger reductions over time in polymeric strut echogenicity (y= -0.159x- 6.85; r= -0.781, P< 0.001). Scaffolded segments with vasoconstriction to Ach had larger vessel areas (14.37 ± 2.50 vs. 11.85 ± 2.54 mm(2), P= 0.030), larger plaque burden (57.31 ± 5.96 vs. 49.09 ± 9.10%, P= 0.018), and larger necrotic core (NC) areas [1.39 (+1.14, +1.74) vs. 0.78 mm(2) (+0.20, +0.98), P= 0.006] compared with those with vasodilation. CONCLUSION Vasodilatory response to Ach, in coronary segments scaffolded by the ABSORB BVS device, is associated with a reduction in echogenicity of the scaffold over time, and a low amount of NC. In particular, the latter finding resembles the behaviour of a native coronary artery not caged by an intracoronary device.
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Palmerini T, Biondi-Zoccai G, Della Riva D, Stettler C, Sangiorgi D, D'Ascenzo F, Kimura T, Briguori C, Sabatè M, Kim HS, De Waha A, Kedhi E, Smits PC, Kaiser C, Sardella G, Marullo A, Kirtane AJ, Leon MB, Stone GW. Stent thrombosis with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: evidence from a comprehensive network meta-analysis. Lancet 2012; 379:1393-402. [PMID: 22445239 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative safety of drug-eluting stents and bare-metal stents, especially with respect to stent thrombosis, continues to be debated. In view of the overall low frequency of stent thrombosis, large sample sizes are needed to accurately estimate treatment differences between stents. We compared the risk of thrombosis between bare-metal and drug-eluting stents. METHODS For this network meta-analysis, randomised controlled trials comparing different drug-eluting stents or drug-eluting with bare-metal stents currently approved in the USA were identified through Medline, Embase, Cochrane databases, and proceedings of international meetings. Information about study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample characteristics, and clinical outcomes was extracted. FINDINGS 49 trials including 50,844 patients randomly assigned to treatment groups were analysed. 1-year definite stent thrombosis was significantly lower with cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents (CoCr-EES) than with bare-metal stents (odds ratio [OR] 0·23, 95% CI 0·13-0·41). The significant difference in stent thrombosis between CoCr-EES and bare-metal stents was evident as early as 30 days (OR 0·21, 95% CI 0·11-0·42) and was also significant between 31 days and 1 year (OR 0·27, 95% CI 0·08-0·74). CoCr-EES were also associated with significantly lower rates of 1-year definite stent thrombosis compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents (OR 0·28, 95% CI 0·16-0·48), permanent polymer-based sirolimus-eluting stents (OR 0·41, 95% CI 0·24-0·70), phosphorylcholine-based zotarolimus-eluting stents (OR 0·21, 95% CI 0·10-0·44), and Resolute zotarolimus-eluting stents (OR 0·14, 95% CI 0·03-0·47). At 2-year follow-up, CoCr-EES were still associated with significantly lower rates of definite stent thrombosis than were bare-metal (OR 0·35, 95% CI 0·17-0·69) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (OR 0·34, 95% CI 0·19-0·62). No other drug-eluting stent had lower definite thrombosis rates compared with bare-metal stents at 2-year follow-up. INTERPRETATION In randomised studies completed to date, CoCr-EES has the lowest rate of stent thrombosis within 2 years of implantation. The finding that CoCr-EES also reduced stent thrombosis compared with bare-metal stents, if confirmed in future randomised trials, represents a paradigm shift. FUNDING The Cardiovascular Research Foundation.
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Kedhi E, Gomes M, Joesoef K, Wassing J, Goedhart D, McFadden E, Smits PC. Everolimus-eluting stents and paclitaxel-eluting stents in patients presenting with myocardial infarction: insights from the two-year results of the COMPARE prospective randomised controlled trial. EUROINTERVENTION 2012; 7:1376-85. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv7i12a217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Claessen BE, Smits PC, Kereiakes DJ, Parise H, Fahy M, Kedhi E, Serruys PW, Lansky AJ, Cristea E, Sudhir K, Sood P, Simonton CA, Stone GW. Impact of lesion length and vessel size on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention with everolimus- versus paclitaxel-eluting stents pooled analysis from the SPIRIT (Clinical Evaluation of the XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System) and COMPARE (Second-generation everolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in real-life practice) Randomized Trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 4:1209-15. [PMID: 22115661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of reference vessel diameter (RVD) and lesion length (LL) on the relative safety and efficacy of everolimus-eluting stents (EES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES). BACKGROUND Lesion length and RVD are well-known predictors of adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS Patient-level data were pooled from the randomized SPIRIT (Clinical Evaluation of the XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System) II, III, IV and COMPARE (Second-generation everolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in real-life practice) trials. Quantitative angiographic core laboratory data were available for 6,183 patients randomized to EES (n = 3,944) or PES (n = 2,239). Long lesions and small vessels were defined as LL >median (13.4 mm) and RVD ≤median (2.65 mm), respectively. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (consisting of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization) were assessed at 2 years, according to stent type in 3 groups: short lesions in large vessels (group A, n = 1,297); long lesions or small vessels but not both (group B, n = 2,981); and long lesions in small vessels (group C, n = 1,905). RESULTS The pooled 2-year MACE rates were 5.6%, 8.2%, and 10.4% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively (p < 0.0001). There was no significant interaction between lesion group and stent type (p = 0.64), indicating lower MACE with EES compared with PES regardless of LL and RVD. However, the absolute difference was largest in Groups B and C. In Group A, 2-year MACE rates were not significantly different between EES and PES (4.8% vs. 7.0%, respectively, p = 0.11). In contrast, EES was associated with lower 2-year rates of MACE in Group B (6.6% vs. 11.2%, p < 0.01) and in Group C (9.1% vs. 12.7%, p = 0.008) as well as lower rates of myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis. Multivariable analysis confirmed EES versus PES as an independent predictor of freedom from MACE in Groups B and C. CONCLUSIONS Patients with short lesions in large vessels have low rates of MACE at 2 years after treatment with either EES or PES. In higher-risk patients with long lesions and/or small vessels, EES results in significant improvements in both clinical safety and efficacy outcomes. (A Clinical Evaluation of the XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Patients With de Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions; NCT00180310; SPIRIT III: A Clinical Evaluation of the Investigational Device XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System [EECSS] in the Treatment of Subjects With de Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions; NCT00180479; SPIRIT IV Clinical Trial: Clinical Evaluation of the XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Subjects With de Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions; NCT00307047; A Randomized Controlled Trial of Everolimus-eluting Stents and Paclitaxel-eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial; NCT01016041).
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Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Dudek D, Smits PC, Koolen J, Chevalier B, de Bruyne B, Thuesen L, McClean D, van Geuns RJ, Windecker S, Whitbourn R, Meredith I, Dorange C, Veldhof S, Hebert KM, Sudhir K, Garcia-Garcia HM, Ormiston JA. Evaluation of the second generation of a bioresorbable everolimus-eluting vascular scaffold for the treatment of de novo coronary artery stenosis: 12-month clinical and imaging outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 58:1578-88. [PMID: 21958884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the prevention of early scaffold area shrinkage of the ABSORB BVS (Rev.1.1, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) was sustained and not simply delayed by a few months. BACKGROUND With improved scaffold design and modified manufacturing process of its polymer, the second iteration of ABSORB (BVS 1.1) has improved performance to prevent a scaffold area reduction at 6 months. METHODS Fifty-six patients were enrolled and received 57 ABSORB scaffolds. Quantitative coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), analysis of radiofrequency backscattering, echogenicity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Overall the scaffold area remained unchanged with IVUS as well as with OCT, whereas the radiofrequency backscattering and the echogenicity of the struts decreased by 16.8% (p < 0.001) and 20% (p < 0.001), respectively; more specifically, the strut core area on OCT decreased by 11.4% (p = 0.003). Despite the absence of scaffold area loss, pharmacological vasomotion was restored. On an intention-to-treat basis, the angiographic late lumen loss amounted to 0.27 ± 0.32 mm with an IVUS relative decrease in minimal lumen area of 1.94% (p = 0.12), without significant changes in mean lumen area. The OCT at follow-up showed that 96.69% of the struts were covered and that malapposition, initially observed in 18 scaffolds was only detected at follow-up in 4 scaffolds. Two patients experienced peri-procedural and iatrogenic myocardial infarction, respectively, whereas 2 underwent repeat intervention, resulting in the major adverse cardiac event rate of 7.1% (4 of 56). CONCLUSIONS The 12-month performance of the second-generation ABSORB bioresorbable everolimus-eluting scaffold justifies the conduct of a randomized trial against current best standards. (A Clinical Evaluation of the Bioabsorbable Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System [BVS EECSS] in the Treatment of Patients With de Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions; NCT00856856).
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