51
|
Nagaraja M, Sundaresan R, Natarajan R, Srinivas T. Energy and Byproducts Recovery from Tea Waste. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.12720/ijoee.1.1.49-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
52
|
Patil LK, Gaikar VG, Kumar S, Mudali UK, Natarajan R. Thermal Decomposition of Nitrated Tri-n-Butyl Phosphate in a Flow Reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/193862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) is a universal nuclear extractant, commercially used in the PUREX process for the last 60 years. However, it is prone to nitration and thermal degradation, and as a consequence a red-oil event may be initiated under several operating conditions resulting in severe pressurization of vessel/cell if venting is inadequate. In this work, an attempt was made to understand the reaction pathway of thermal decomposition of nitrated TBP in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. Many reaction products were identified and quantified by instrumental methods like HPLC-RI and GC-TCD. The experimental data was analysed with a power law model and the apparent rate constants were estimated. The activation energy for thermal decomposition of nitrated TBP, assuming an Arrhenius type of temperature dependency, was estimated to be 47.39 ± 0.25 kJ·mol−1. The effect of both varying temperature and concentration of nitric acid on conversion of TBP into degradation products and products distribution was experimentally studied. Based on the experimental observations, a reaction mechanism framework for thermal decomposition of nitrated TBP is proposed.
Collapse
|
53
|
Govindan P, Vijayan KS, Santhosh Kumar G, Vijayakumar V, Venkataraman M, Natarajan R. Recovery and purification of plutonium in lean plutonium product stream obtained during reprocessing of fast reactor spent fuels. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
54
|
Kumar S, Singh A, Sinha PK, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Development of a urea-adduct process for recovery of n-alkane based diluent from spent PUREX/UREX solvent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
55
|
Tamhane T, Joshi J, Mudali K, Natarajan R, Patil R. Measurement of drop size characteristics in annular centrifugal extractors using phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA). Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
56
|
Sini K, Mishra S, Mallika C, Pandey NK, Lawrence F, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Reduction of uranyl nitrate ions in a continuous flow electrochemical reactor. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
57
|
Velavendan P, Ganesh S, Pandey NK, Geetha R, Ahmed MK, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Studies on solubility of TBP in aqueous solutions of fuel reprocessing. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
58
|
Balasubramonian S, Kumar S, Sivakumar D, Mudali UK, Natarajan R. PVT properties of N,N,N′,N′-Tetraoctyl-3-oxapentanediamide (TODGA). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
59
|
Kumar S, Sivakumar D, Kumar B, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Development of a miniature Taylor-Couette extractor column for nuclear solvent extraction. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
60
|
Kumar S, Sinha PK, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Thermal decomposition studies of aqueous and nitric solutions of hydroxyurea. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
61
|
Desigan N, Velavendan P, Pandey N, Rao RS, Vijayakumar V, Mudali UK, Natarajan R. Solvent Extraction Studies of Gadolinium in Tri-Butyl Phosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2012.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
62
|
Kolhe N, Mirage Y, Patwardhan A, Rathod V, Pandey N, Mudali UK, Natarajan R. CFD and experimental studies of single phase axial dispersion coefficient in pulsed sieve plate column. Chem Eng Res Des 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
63
|
Balamurugan M, Kumar S, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Measurement of dispersion numbers for 36 and 100% tri-isoamyl phosphate solvents equilibrated with aqueous nitric acid solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
64
|
Sinha PK, Kumar S, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Thermal decomposition of reversed TALSPEAK solvent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
65
|
Kumar S, Balasubramonian S, Sinha PK, Sivakumar D, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Thermophysical properties of reversed TALSPEAK (RT) solvent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
66
|
Sinha PK, Kumar S, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Thermal stability of UNEX/HCCD-PEG diluent FS-13. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
67
|
Kumar B, Sampath M, Kumar S, Sivakumar D, Kamachi Mudali U, Natarajan R. Direct dissolution of intact UO2 pellet and in situ extraction by organic solutions of TBP-HNO3 at atmospheric pressure: role of solvate composition. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
68
|
Jayalakshmi R, Natarajan R, Vivekanandan M. Extension of molecular similarity analysis approach to classification of DNA sequences using DNA descriptors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 22:21-34. [PMID: 21391139 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2010.528255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several alignment-free sequence comparison methods are available which use similarity, based on a particular numerical descriptor of biological sequences. Any loss of information incurred in the transformation of a sequence into a numerical descriptor affects the results. A pool of descriptors that use different algorithms in their computation is expected to suffer minimum loss of information and an attempt is made in this direction to study the similarity of DNA sequences. A number of descriptors based on information theory and connectivity were computed for DNA sequences. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract minimum number (N) of orthogonal descriptors, principal components (PCs). Similarity/dissimilarity clustering of DNA sequences were carried out in the N-dimensional similarity space constructed using the PCs extracted from the DNA descriptors. The paper explains the extension of quantitative molecular similarity analysis (QMSA) from the prediction of physicochemical properties and toxicity of chemicals to bioinformatics for the classification of DNA sequences.
Collapse
|
69
|
Natarajan R. New topological indices with very high discriminatory power. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 22:1-20. [PMID: 21391138 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2010.528611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several molecular descriptors are used in developing quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). A large number of them are already in use and new descriptors are added every year. Two new topological indices with very high discriminatory power are reported in this paper. The two indices ranked all planar graphs of alkanes C(4) to C(6) uniquely and were found to have non-degenerate values for all the 7668 constitutional isomers (alkane trees) from C(4) to C(15). Low intercorrelation with several of the commonly used topological indices was studied using a diverse data set of 820 chemicals and the new indices proposed in the study were found to cluster in different nodes. This further confirmed their low intercorrelation with other molecular descriptors used in the study. The new descriptors were found to be useful in QSAR modelling.
Collapse
|
70
|
Rajavel AR, Natarajan R, Vaidyanathan K, Jambulingam P. Systematic list of the species added to the mosquito museum at the Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2011; 27:8-14. [PMID: 21476442 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x-27.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito species housed in the mosquito museum at the Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India, were increased from 181 to 266 species belonging to 22 genera. The systematic list of the 85 species added to the collection is provided. The collection consists of a total of 31,874 adult specimens, of which 23,696 are individually mounted on minuten pins, while the rest are held in stock vials. It also includes 2,456 male genitalia and 470 female genitalia preparations, 3,523 larvae, 4,745 larval exuviae, and 3,057 pupal exuviae on microscope slides. Representative specimens of different species are available from 16 states and 3 union territories of India.
Collapse
|
71
|
Rajavel AR, Natarajan R. First record of genus Ayurakitia in India: occurrence of Ayurakitia peytoni in Meghalaya state. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2011; 27:79-80. [PMID: 21476452 DOI: 10.2987/10-6062.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of Ayurakitia peytoni were collected in July 2008 from Pandanus axils during a survey of mosquito fauna in Meghalaya. This is the 1st record of the genus Ayurakitia in India, extending the known distribution of this genus farther west.
Collapse
|
72
|
Coppi A, Natarajan R, Pradel G, Bennett BL, James ER, Roggero MA, Corradin G, Persson C, Tewari R, Sinnis P. The malaria circumsporozoite protein has two functional domains, each with distinct roles as sporozoites journey from mosquito to mammalian host. J Exp Med 2011; 208:341-56. [PMID: 21262960 PMCID: PMC3039851 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites make a remarkable journey from the mosquito midgut to the mammalian liver. The sporozoite's major surface protein, circumsporozoite protein (CSP), is a multifunctional protein required for sporozoite development and likely mediates several steps of this journey. In this study, we show that CSP has two conformational states, an adhesive conformation in which the C-terminal cell-adhesive domain is exposed and a nonadhesive conformation in which the N terminus masks this domain. We demonstrate that the cell-adhesive domain functions in sporozoite development and hepatocyte invasion. Between these two events, the sporozoite must travel from the mosquito midgut to the mammalian liver, and N-terminal masking of the cell-adhesive domain maintains the sporozoite in a migratory state. In the mammalian host, proteolytic cleavage of CSP regulates the switch to an adhesive conformation, and the highly conserved region I plays a critical role in this process. If the CSP domain architecture is altered such that the cell-adhesive domain is constitutively exposed, the majority of sporozoites do not reach their target organs, and in the mammalian host, they initiate a blood stage infection directly from the inoculation site. These data provide structure-function information relevant to malaria vaccine development.
Collapse
|
73
|
Rajan R, Natarajan R, Vijayaraghavan G. RESULTS OF TENEKTEPLASE USE IN MASSIVE PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM. CLINICAL CASE. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2011-7-1-42-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
74
|
Yasuo M, Mizuno S, Kraskauskas D, Bogaard HJ, Natarajan R, Cool CD, Zamora M, Voelkel NF. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α in human emphysema lung tissue. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:775-83. [PMID: 20562128 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00022910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathobiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in lung tissue from patients with COPD/emphysema. Lung tissue samples from 26 patients were included in this study. Seven samples were obtained from patients with normal lung function, the remainder of the samples were taken from patients with moderate COPD (n = 6; stage I and II Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification) and severe COPD (n = 13; stage III and IV). We analysed mRNA and protein expression in the lung tissue samples and found that: 1) HIF-1α and histone deacetylase 2 proteins were significantly decreased and were correlated; 2) HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted were correlated in all patients; 3) the changes in VEGF and HIF-1α protein levels in all patients were not age-related and not related to the pack-yr smoking history; and 4) the reduced HIF-1α protein expression was seen in lung endothelial cells and alveolar septal cells by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, reduced expression of HIF-1α protein in severe COPD is consistent with the concept of a lung structure maintenance programme which is impaired on a molecular level.
Collapse
|
75
|
Cassetti MC, Durbin A, Harris E, Rico-Hesse R, Roehrig J, Rothman A, Whitehead S, Natarajan R, Laughlin C. Report of an NIAID workshop on dengue animal models. Vaccine 2010; 28:4229-34. [PMID: 20434551 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease of humans that has re-emerged in many parts of the world and has become an important international public health threat. Dengue incidence and geographical spread has dramatically increased in the last few decades and is now affecting most tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Despite extensive research efforts for several decades, no vaccines or therapeutics are currently available to prevent and treat dengue infections. One of the main obstacles to the development of countermeasures has been the lack of good animal models that recapitulate dengue pathogenesis in humans and reliably predict the safety and efficacy of countermeasures against dengue. In September 2008, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) held a workshop to consider the current state-of-the-art developments in animal models for dengue and discuss strategies to accelerate progress in this field. This report summarizes the main discussions and recommendations that resulted from the meeting.
Collapse
|