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Lee MH, Ranganathan R, Kagerer FA, Mukherjee R. Body-machine interface for control of a screen cursor for a child with congenital absence of upper and lower limbs: a case report. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2016; 13:34. [PMID: 27009334 PMCID: PMC4806473 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-016-0139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a recent interest in the development of body-machine interfaces which allow individuals with motor impairments to control assistive devices using body movements. Methods In this case study, we report findings in the context of the development of such an interface for a 10-year old child with congenital absence of upper and lower limbs. The interface consisted of 4 wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs), which we used to map movements of the upper body to the position of a cursor on a screen. We examined the learning of a task in which the child had to move the cursor to specified targets on the screen as quickly as possible. In addition, we also determined the robustness of the interface by evaluating the child’s performance in two different body postures. Results We found that the child was not only able to learn the task rapidly, but also showed superior performance when compared to typically developing children in the same age range. Moreover, task performance was comparable for the two different body postures, suggesting that the child was able to control the device in different postures without the need for interface recalibration. Conclusions These results clearly establish the viability and robustness of the proposed non-invasive body-machine interface for pediatric populations with severe motor limitations.
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Awasthi P, Mukherjee R, O Kare SP, Das S. Impedimetric blood pH sensor based on MoS2–Nafion coated microelectrode. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A compact microelectrode based impedimetric pH sensor fabricated by simple and cost effective materials and techniques for point of care application.
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Abeysekara AU, Archambault S, Archer A, Aune T, Barnacka A, Benbow W, Bird R, Biteau J, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Cardenzana JV, Cerruti M, Chen X, Christiansen JL, Ciupik L, Connolly MP, Coppi P, Cui W, Dickinson HJ, Dumm J, Eisch JD, Errando M, Falcone A, Feng Q, Finley JP, Fleischhack H, Flinders A, Fortin P, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gillanders GH, Griffin S, Grube J, Gyuk G, Hütten M, Håkansson N, Hanna D, Holder J, Humensky TB, Johnson CA, Kaaret P, Kar P, Kelley-Hoskins N, Khassen Y, Kieda D, Krause M, Krennrich F, Kumar S, Lang MJ, Maier G, McArthur S, McCann A, Meagher K, Moriarty P, Mukherjee R, Nieto D, Bhróithe AOD, Ong RA, Otte AN, Park N, Perkins JS, Petrashyk A, Pohl M, Popkow A, Pueschel E, Quinn J, Ragan K, Ratliff G, Reynolds PT, Richards GT, Roache E, Rousselle J, Santander M, Sembroski GH, Shahinyan K, Smith AW, Staszak D, Telezhinsky I, Todd NW, Tucci JV, Tyler J, Vassiliev VV, Vincent S, Wakely SP, Weiner OM, Weinstein A, Wilhelm A, Williams DA, Zitzer B, Smith PS, Holoien TWS, Prieto JL, Kochanek CS, Stanek KZ, Shappee B, Hovatta T, Max-Moerbeck W, Pearson TJ, Reeves RA, Richards JL, Readhead ACS, Madejski GM, Djorgovski SG, Drake AJ, Graham MJ, Mahabal A. GAMMA-RAYS FROM THE QUASAR PKS 1441+25: STORY OF AN ESCAPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/815/2/l22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bishopp A, Sayeed N, Oakes A, Beauchamp B, Chakraborty B, Mukherjee R. P42 Factors affecting the duration of acute non invasive ventilation required in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shilliday N, Bishopp A, Chakraborty B, Daniels M, Mukherjee R. P118 Factors affecting concordance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bishopp A, Santana-Vaz N, Beauchamp B, Chakraborty B, Raghuraman G, Mukherjee R. M21 Comparison of the effect of a ventilation multidisciplinary meeting on utilisation of critical care resources. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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De B, Bhandari K, Chakravorty N, Mukherjee R, Gundamaraju R, Singla RK, Katakam P, Adiki SK, Ghosh B, Mitra A. Computational pharmacokinetics and in vitro-in vivo correlation of anti-diabetic synergistic phyto-composite blend. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1179-85. [PMID: 26380061 PMCID: PMC4564813 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i11.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous strides in modern medicine stringent control over insulin resistance or restoration of normoglycemia has not yet been achieved. With the growth of molecular biology, omics technologies, docking studies, and in silico pharmacology, modulators of enzymes and receptors affecting the molecular pathogenesis of the disease are being considered as the latest targets for anti-diabetic therapy. Therapeutic molecular targets are now being developed basing on the up or down regulation of different signaling pathways affecting the disease. Phytosynergistic anti-diabetic therapy is in vogue both with classical and non-classical medicinal systems. However its chemo-profiling, structural and pharmacokinetic validation awaits providing recognition to such formulations for international acceptance. Translational health research with its focus on benchside product development and its sequential transition to patient bedside puts the pharma RDs to a challenge to develop bio-waiver protocols. Pharmacokinetic simulation models and establishment of in vitro-in vivo correlation can help to replace in vivo bioavailability studies and provide means of quality control for scale up and post approval modification. This review attempts to bring different shades highlighting phyto-synergy, molecular targeting of antidiabetic agents via different signaling pathways and bio-waiver studies under a single umbrella.
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Villafuerte-Galvez J, Vanga RR, Dennis M, Hansen J, Leffler DA, Kelly CP, Mukherjee R. Factors governing long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet in adult patients with coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015. [PMID: 26206401 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strict gluten-free diet is the cornerstone of treatment for coeliac disease. Studies of gluten-free diet adherence have rarely used validated instruments. There is a paucity of data on long-term adherence to the gluten-free diet in the adult population. AIMS To determine the long-term adherence to the gluten-free diet and potential associated factors in a large coeliac disease referral centre population. METHODS We performed a mailed survey of adults with clinically, serologically and histologically confirmed coeliac disease diagnosed ≥5 years prior to survey. The previously validated Celiac Disease Adherence Test was used to determine adherence. Demographic, socio-economic and potentially associated factors were analysed with adherence as the outcome. RESULTS The response rate was 50.1% of 709 surveyed, the mean time on a gluten-free diet 9.9 ± 6.4 years. Adequate adherence (celiac disease adherence test score <13) was found in 75.5% of respondents. A higher level of education was associated with adequate adherence (P = 0.002) even after controlling for household income (P = 0.0220). Perceptions of cost, effectiveness of the gluten-free diet, knowledge of the gluten-free diet and self-effectiveness at following the gluten-free diet correlated with adherence scores (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet was adequate in >75% of respondents. Perceived cost remains a barrier to adherence. Perceptions of effectiveness of gluten-free diet as well as its knowledge, are potential areas for intervention.
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Mukherjee R, Öhlschlegel C, Litschel R. [Orbital mass in a 23 years old male patient]. Laryngorhinootologie 2015; 94:690-1. [PMID: 26250994 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mukherjee R, Wray E, Hollins S, Curfs L. What does the general public in the UK know about the risk to a developing foetus if exposed to alcohol in pregnancy? Findings from a UK mixed methodology study. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:467-74. [PMID: 25251603 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a set of preventable conditions where the foetus is exposed to alcohol in utero and as a result suffers adverse consequences. To develop a public health strategy related to FASD, it is important to first establish what is known by the public about this condition. This study aimed to assess the current level of knowledge about FASD in the UK general population. METHODS A mixed methodology study was conducted using a 17-item questionnaire and focus group sessions. Four focus groups were held with an average of 10 people in each group. Semi-structured questions and thematic analysis of interviews alongside quantitative analysis of the questionnaire data was completed. The research was approved by an National Health service (NHS) research ethical committee. RESULTS A total of 674 people responded to the questionnaire and a majority (86.7%) had heard about FASD, with most receiving their information from the media (26.2%) or from their work (27.7%). Four broad themes emerged. Overall these were: a general lack of knowledge about the subject; information about the subject needed to be personally relevant; there was a need for further education; and there was a lack of clarity in the current guidance on alcohol use in pregnancy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Currently there appears to be a superficial level of knowledge about FASD in the UK general public. More detailed work in subgroups, such as young women, to identify their specific needs may be necessary before targeted public health and educational interventions can be developed to meet the needs of the general public.
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Comer DM, Oakes A, Mukherjee R. Domiciliary non-invasive ventilation in the elderly. Effective, tolerated and justified. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 84:22-5. [PMID: 25964699 PMCID: PMC4330801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine if the long terms effects of non-invasive home mechanical ventilation (NIHMV) in the elderly are as beneficial as in younger subjects for a dedicated non-invasive ventilation unit in a tertiary referral hospital within the UK. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population included 256 patients who were successfully established on NIHMV between May 2009 and August 2013. Patients were divided into three groups according to age: group 1 (n=103) ≥75; group 2 (n=81) 65 -74; and group 3 (n=72) < 65 years of age. Initial assessments, both prior to starting NIHMV and at 12 month follow up were determined which included establishing the primary cause of respiratory insufficiency, measurement of arterial blood gas parameters, spirometry, overnight oximetry, and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) in those patients with neuromuscular disease. The number of hospital admissions in the year prior to starting NIHMV, and in the subsequent year, along with the number of days spent as an inpatient were ascertained as a measure of burden to local health care resources. Compliance with NIV at follow up, facilitated by recorded data within the ventilator software, was established along with an assessment of any reported side effects. RESULTS Group 3 had the most profound abnormalities in lung function and blood gas parameters at initial assessment with a trend towards a higher number of acute admissions. In absolute terms, there was a greater decline in the number of admissions for subjects in group 2 after being established on NIHMV. Although more subjects in group 3 had chest wall deformities, COPD or bronchiectasis, this group had the lowest number of subjects with neuromuscular disease. Improvements in gas exchange were most pronounced for group 3 subjects despite no significant differences in the selected ventilator settings across the 3 groups. For neuromuscular patients, when measured, SNIP pressures were lowest in group 3. CONCLUSION NIHMV was effective and tolerated for all three age groups. There was an improvement in measured patient centred endpoints across all three age groups, all of whom benefited equally.
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Blissett D, Jowett S, Turner A, Moore D, Dretzke J, Mukherjee R, Dave C. S83 An Economic Evaluation Of Domiciliary Non-invasive Ventilation (niv) In Patients With End-stage Copd In The Uk. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Boryslawskyj H, Rauf F, Beauchamp B, Oakes A, Santana-Vaz N, Chakraborty B, Mukherjee R. P297 Effect Of Bts-recommended Medical Leadership On The "door-to-mask" Time Of Acute Non-invasive Ventilation (niv) Set Ups. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dretzke J, Dave C, Blissett D, Mukherjee R, Price M, Bayliss S, Wu X, Jordan R, Jowett S, Moore D, Turner A. P300 The Clinical Effectiveness Of Domiciliary Non-invasive Ventilation (niv) In Patients With End-stage Copd. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Parkes E, Moore V, Comer D, Rauf F, Santana-Vaz N, Mukherjee R. P214 Utilisation Of Cardio-pulmonary Exercise Testing (cpet) At An English Acute Hospital. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Spruell T, Dave C, Mukherjee R, Turner A. P149 Characteristic And Prognosis Of Patients With Copd And Type 2 Respiratory Failure. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rauf F, Kerks J, Comer D, Dasgupta I, Daniels M, Mukherjee R, Wharton S. P293 Is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea A Risk Factor For Chronic Kidney Disease? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rauf F, Oakes A, Khan Y, Stuart T, Chakraborty B, Turner A, Mukherjee R. P299 The Role Of A Multidisciplinary Respiratory Hub In Improving Post-discharge Follow Up Of Patients Receiving Acute Non-invasive Ventilation (niv). Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mukherjee R. The winding road. Science 2014. [DOI: 10.1126/science.caredit.a1400290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rofes L, Arreola V, Mukherjee R, Clavé P. Sensitivity and specificity of the Eating Assessment Tool and the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test for clinical evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:1256-65. [PMID: 24909661 PMCID: PMC4282313 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is an underdiagnosed digestive disorder that causes severe nutritional and respiratory complications. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test (V-VST) for clinical evaluation of OD. METHODS We studied 120 patients with swallowing difficulties and 14 healthy subjects. OD was evaluated by the 10-item screening questionnaire EAT-10 and the bedside method V-VST, videofluoroscopy (VFS) being the reference standard. The V-VST is an effort test that uses boluses of different volumes and viscosities to identify clinical signs of impaired efficacy (impaired labial seal, piecemeal deglutition, and residue) and impaired safety of swallow (cough, voice changes, and oxygen desaturation ≥3%). Discriminating ability was assessed by the AUC of the ROC curve and sensitivity and specificity values. KEY RESULTS According to VFS, prevalence of OD was 87%, 75.6% with impaired efficacy and 80.9% with impaired safety of swallow including 17.6% aspirations. The EAT-10 showed a ROC AUC of 0.89 for OD with an optimal cut-off at 2 (0.89 sensitivity and 0.82 specificity). The V-VST showed 0.94 sensitivity and 0.88 specificity for OD, 0.79 sensitivity and 0.75 specificity for impaired efficacy, 0.87 sensitivity and 0.81 specificity for impaired safety, and 0.91 sensitivity and 0.28 specificity for aspirations. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Clinical methods for screening (EAT-10) and assessment (V-VST) of OD offer excellent psychometric proprieties that allow adequate management of OD. Their universal application among at-risk populations will improve the identification of patients with OD at risk for malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia.
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Sivaraman B, Mukherjee R, Subramanian K, Banerjee S. Electron impact dissociation of amorphous cis-methyl acetate ice analogs. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rofes L, Arreola V, Mukherjee R, Clavé P. Sensitivity and specificity of the Eating Assessment Tool and the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test for clinical evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia. NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY SOCIETY 2014. [PMID: 24909661 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12382.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is an underdiagnosed digestive disorder that causes severe nutritional and respiratory complications. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test (V-VST) for clinical evaluation of OD. METHODS We studied 120 patients with swallowing difficulties and 14 healthy subjects. OD was evaluated by the 10-item screening questionnaire EAT-10 and the bedside method V-VST, videofluoroscopy (VFS) being the reference standard. The V-VST is an effort test that uses boluses of different volumes and viscosities to identify clinical signs of impaired efficacy (impaired labial seal, piecemeal deglutition, and residue) and impaired safety of swallow (cough, voice changes, and oxygen desaturation ≥3%). Discriminating ability was assessed by the AUC of the ROC curve and sensitivity and specificity values. KEY RESULTS According to VFS, prevalence of OD was 87%, 75.6% with impaired efficacy and 80.9% with impaired safety of swallow including 17.6% aspirations. The EAT-10 showed a ROC AUC of 0.89 for OD with an optimal cut-off at 2 (0.89 sensitivity and 0.82 specificity). The V-VST showed 0.94 sensitivity and 0.88 specificity for OD, 0.79 sensitivity and 0.75 specificity for impaired efficacy, 0.87 sensitivity and 0.81 specificity for impaired safety, and 0.91 sensitivity and 0.28 specificity for aspirations. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Clinical methods for screening (EAT-10) and assessment (V-VST) of OD offer excellent psychometric proprieties that allow adequate management of OD. Their universal application among at-risk populations will improve the identification of patients with OD at risk for malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia.
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Mukherjee R, Müller M, Amstad H, Fournier J, Haile SR, Stöckli SJ, Litschel R. [Dysphonia and dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery]. HNO 2014; 62:575-81. [PMID: 24906340 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-014-2877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cervical spine surgery is a common procedure for fusions and/or discectomies. Postoperative dysphonia and dysphagia are known complications. In this study, we examined the frequency and outcomes of these complications in this patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients planned to receive anterior cervical spine surgery between 01.03.2010 and 28.02.2011 at the Department of Neurosurgery, St. Gallen were prospectively included. Patients were evaluated using laryngoscopy, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), voice field measurements and validated questionnaires. RESULTS From the 53 patients included in the study, 40 had at least one complete follow-up examination. The frequency of postoperative dysphonia due to recurrent nerve palsy was 4/40 (10 %), although this was temporary in 3 patients. FEES revealed a pathological result in 18.9 % of patients. Postoperative Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (Swal-QoL) scores were significantly lower. CONCLUSION At a frequency of 10 %, dysphonia due to recurrent nerve palsy is a relevant complication in cervical spine surgery, albeit temporary in most cases. Postoperative dysphagia is common and should be evaluated and treated during follow-up.
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Rofes L, Arreola V, Mukherjee R, Swanson J, Clavé P. The effects of a xanthan gum-based thickener on the swallowing function of patients with dysphagia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:1169-79. [PMID: 24628492 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing bolus viscosity of thin liquids is a basic therapeutic strategy to protect patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) from aspiration. However, conventional starch thickeners increase post-deglutitive residue. AIM To assess the therapeutic effect of a new xanthan gum-based thickener, Resource ThickenUp Clear (Nestlé Health Science, Vevey, Switzerland) on patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. METHODS We studied the effect of Resource ThickenUp Clear using a clinical method and videofluoroscopy on 120 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (66 with stroke, 41 older and 13 with neurodegenerative diseases) and 14 healthy volunteers while swallowing thin-liquid, nectar-like and spoon-thick boluses. We assessed the prevalence of signs of impaired safety and efficacy of swallow and the physiology of the swallow response. RESULTS Increasing bolus viscosity with Resource ThickenUp Clear: (i) improved safety of swallow demonstrated by a reduction in the prevalence of cough and voice changes in the clinical study and penetrations and aspirations during video fluoroscopy. Prevalence of aspirations was 12.7% with thin liquid, 7.7% with nectar-like (P < 0.01) and 3.4% with spoon-thick (P < 0.01) viscosities. Penetration-Aspiration Scale was reduced from 3.24 ± 0.18 at thin liquid to 2.20 ± 0.18 at nectar-like (P < 0.001) and to 1.53 ± 0.13 at spoon-thick (P < 0.001) viscosities; (ii) did not enhance pharyngeal residue; (iii) nectar-like viscosity did not affect bolus velocity nor timing of swallow response and (iv) spoon-thick viscosity reduced bolus velocity. CONCLUSIONS Resource ThickenUp Clear improves the safety of swallow without increasing residue providing a viscosity-dependent therapeutic effect for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. At nectar viscosity, the effect is due to intrinsic texture properties, spoon-thick viscosity adding changes in swallow physiology. NCT01158313.
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