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Jiang R, Chen X, Lian J, Huang L, Cai J, Xu Z. Efficient production of Pseudoionone with multipathway engineering in
Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1751-1760. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ren T, Li W, Liu D, Liang K, Wang X, Li H, Jiang R, Tian Y, Kang X, Li Z. Two insertion/deletion variants in the promoter region of the QPCTL gene are significantly associated with body weight and carcass traits in chickens. Anim Genet 2019; 50:279-282. [PMID: 30974000 DOI: 10.1111/age.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like (QPCTL) is an isoenzyme of glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (QPCT). QPCTL and QPCT catalyze the formation of N-terminal modified pyroglutamate-fractalkine and the chemokine CCL2. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between insertions/deletions in the chicken QPCTL promoter region with growth traits in chickens. We first detected two insertion/deletion variants of QPCTL via whole-genome resequencing analysis of DNA samples from Xichuan chickens. A total of 1896 individuals from 12 breeds were genotyped for 52- and 224-bp insertions/deletions. We found two novel insertions/deletions in the promoter region of the chicken QPCTL gene and studied their association with chicken body weight and carcass traits. Our findings show that QPCTL can be a molecular marker for chicken genetics and breeding programs.
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Liu Z, Li C, Xu J, Lan Y, Liu H, Li X, Maire P, Wang X, Jiang R. Crucial and Overlapping Roles of Six1 and Six2 in Craniofacial Development. J Dent Res 2019; 98:572-579. [PMID: 30905259 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519835204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SIX1 and SIX2 encode closely related transcription factors of which disruptions have been associated with distinct craniofacial syndromes, with mutations in SIX1 associated with branchiootic syndrome 3 (BOS3) and heterozygous deletions of SIX2 associated with frontonasal dysplasia defects. Whereas mice deficient in Six1 recapitulated most of the developmental defects associated with BOS3, mice lacking Six2 function had no obvious frontonasal defects. We show that Six1 and Six2 exhibit partly overlapping patterns of expression in the developing mouse embryonic frontonasal, maxillary, and mandibular processes. We found that Six1 -/- Six2 -/- double-mutant mice were born with severe craniofacial deformity not seen in the Six1 -/- or Six2 -/- single mutants, including skull bone agenesis, midline facial cleft, and syngnathia. Moreover, whereas Six1 -/- mice exhibited partial transformation of maxillary zygomatic bone into a mandibular condyle-like structure, Six1 -/-Six2 +/- mice exhibit significantly increased penetrance of the maxillary malformation. In addition to ectopic Dlx5 expression at the maxillary-mandibular junction as recently reported in E10.5 Six1 -/- embryos, the E10.5 Six1 -/- Six2 +/- embryos showed ectopic expression of Bmp4, Msx1, and Msx2 messenger RNAs in the maxillary-mandibular junction. Genetically inactivating 1 allele of either Ednra or Bmp4 significantly reduced the penetrance of maxillary malformation in both Six1 -/- and Six1 -/- Six2 +/- embryos, indicating that Six1 and Six2 regulate both endothelin and bone morphogenetic protein-4 signaling pathways to pattern the facial structures. Furthermore, we show that neural crest-specific inactivation of Six1 in Six2 -/- embryos resulted in midline facial cleft and frontal bone agenesis. We show that Six1 -/- Six2 -/- embryos exhibit significantly reduced expression of key frontonasal development genes Alx1 and Alx3 as well as increased apoptosis in the developing frontonasal mesenchyme. Together, these results indicate that Six1 and Six2 function partly redundantly to control multiple craniofacial developmental processes and play a crucial neural crest cell-autonomous role in frontonasal morphogenesis.
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An QY, Jiang R, Wang L, Zhao QH, Gong SG, He J, Luo CJ, Liu MQ, Qiu HL, Guo J, Liu JM. [Peripheral small airway dysfunction differences between idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2018; 41:934-941. [PMID: 30522190 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the peripheral small airway dysfunction differences between idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods: Impulse oscillmetory system testing (IOS) and pulmonary function testing (PFT) were performed in IPAH and CTEPH patients and 30 healthy control group. We also carried out a subgroup analysis depending on their medical history of airway diseases. Results: We included 42 IPAH and 47 CTEPH patients (with or without airways disease: 8 vs. 34 and 17 vs. 34, respectively). Compared with CTEPH patients, IPAH patients were younger but had more serious pulmonary vessel resistance and mean pulmonary arterial resistance. Compared with IPAH patients, CTEPH patients had significant impaired peripheral small airway dysfunction with decreased of MEF(50) (% pred), MMEF(75/25) evaluated by PFT and R5-R20, Δ R5-R20 and AX measured by IOS [10.6(2.0, 33.0) vs. 2.5(-5.0, 16.5); 22.1(14.0, 32.6) vs. 15.5 (7.0, 23.2); 7.64(4, 18.6) vs. 6(3, 11) respectively, all P<0.05]. Subgroup analysis revealed there were no significant peripheral small dysfunction differences in IPAH patients with or without airway diseases. CTEPH patients had a higher proportion of airway diseases and more serious peripheral dysfunction than IPAH patients with airway diseases. Compared with control healthy group, peripheral airway dysfunction was more obvious even in IPAH and CTEPH patients without airway diseases. Conclusion: Compared with IPAH, CTEPH patients were older, but had better hemodynamics and a higher proportion of airway diseases. The peripheral airway dysfunction were more serious in CTEPH patients without airway diseases than IPAH patients without airway diseases and healthy controls group.
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Sun Y, Yu W, Guan W, Qiao M, Zheng L, Jiang R, Wang R, Wang L. Assessment of molecular classification of gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization: A validation study in the Chinese population. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy432.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Liu Q, Dai Z, Wu J, Ji S, Bai J, Jiang R. Feasibility Analysis and Clinical Applicability of a Modified Type V Resection Method for Malignant Bone Tumors of the Proximal Humerus. J INVEST SURG 2018; 33:191-197. [PMID: 30380348 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1483445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and clinical applicability of a modified type V resection method for malignant bone tumors of the proximal humerus. Methods: The relevant anatomic MRI data from 30 normal adult shoulder joints were measured to analyze the feasibility of the modified type V resection method for malignant bone tumors of the proximal humerus. Sixteen patients with malignant bone tumors of the proximal humerus were treated with modified radical resection between March 2012 and April 2017. Recurrence of tumor was evaluated after surgery, and shoulder function was assessed according to the Enneking skeletal muscle tumor function scoring system. Results: Radiographic results showed that the modified type V resection method was feasible, and within the allowable range of the maximum longitudinal diameter (<29.8 mm) and depth (<4 mm). Surgery was successfully completed in all 16 cases, and pathological examination suggested that the purposes for radical resection had been achieved. All patients were followed up over 3-49 months (mean, 15.6 months). One patient had local recurrence at 12 months after surgery, and we performed upper limb amputation. The remaining 15 patients had good prosthesis survival. At the final follow-up, shoulder joint function had recovered compared with preoperative levels, with a mean Enneking score of 25.8 points (range, 24-27 points). Conclusion: Modified type V resection may be feasible for treating tumors of the proximal humerus, maintaining good early shoulder function.
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Wu D, Liu J, Mu Z, Liu L, Li K, Jiang R, Chen P, Zhou Q, Jin M, Ma Y, Xie Y, Xiang J, Zhang T, Li B, Yu B. P1.01-96 Concurrent ALK/EGFR Alterations in Chinese Lung Cancers: Frequency, Clinical Features, and Differential Response to Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kashinga RJ, Zhao LG, Silberschmidt VV, Jiang R, Reed PAS. A diffusion-based approach for modelling crack tip behaviour under fatigue-oxidation conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE 2018; 213:157-170. [PMID: 30956387 PMCID: PMC6413486 DOI: 10.1007/s10704-018-0311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modelling of crack tip behaviour was carried out for a nickel-based superalloy subjected to high temperature fatigue in a vacuum and air. In a vacuum, crack growth was entirely due to mechanical deformation and thus it was sufficient to use accumulated plastic strain as a criterion. To study the strong effect of oxidation in air, a diffusion-based approach was applied to investigate the full interaction between fatigue and oxygen penetration at a crack tip. Penetration of oxygen into the crack tip induced a local compressive stress due to dilatation effect. An increase in stress intensity factor range or dwell times imposed at peak loads resulted in enhanced accumulation of oxygen at the crack tip. A crack growth criterion based on accumulated levels of oxygen and plastic strain at the crack tip was subsequently developed to predict the crack growth rate under fatigue-oxidation conditions. The predicted crack-growth behaviour compared well with experimental results.
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Jiang R, Long H. 685 Icariin improves SHR erectile function by inhibiting eNOS uncoupling. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lin L, Bhawana R, Xue Y, Duan Q, Jiang R, Chen H, Chen X, Sun B, Lin H. Comparative Analysis of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Grading and Assessing Cellular Proliferation of Meningiomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1032-1038. [PMID: 29748203 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An accurate evaluation of the World Health Organization grade and cellular proliferation is particularly important in meningiomas. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate and compare diffusional kurtosis imaging, DTI, and DWI metrics in determining the grade and cellular proliferation of meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed meningiomas were included in this study. Mean kurtosis, radial kurtosis, axial kurtosis, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and ADC were semiautomatically obtained in the solid components of tumors. Each normalized diffusion value was compared between high-grade meningiomas and low-grade meningiomas using the Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic, multiple logistic regression, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical evaluations. RESULTS Diffusional kurtosis imaging metrics (mean kurtosis, radial kurtosis, and axial kurtosis) were significantly higher in high-grade meningiomas than in low-grade meningiomas (P ≤ .001). Mean diffusivity and ADC were significantly lower in high-grade meningiomas than in low-grade meningiomas (P = .003 and .002). Mean kurtosis had significantly greater area the under curve values than mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy in differentiating high-grade meningiomas from low-grade meningiomas (P = .038 and .002). Mean kurtosis was the only variable that could be used to independently differentiate high-grade meningiomas and low-grade meningiomas (P < .001). Significant correlations were found between the Ki-67 labeling index and kurtosis metrics (P < .001), as well as for mean diffusivity and ADC (P = .004, and .007). CONCLUSIONS Compared with other diffusion metrics, mean kurtosis may serve as an optimal parameter for evaluating and predicting the meningioma grade. Moreover, diffusion metrics may potentially reflect cellular proliferation.
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Zhao B, Zhang S, Chen W, Zhang R, Jiang R, Zhang R, Chen L. Elevated Interleukin 37 Expression Associated With Disease Activity in HLA-B27 Associated Anterior Uveitis and Idiopathic Anterior Uveitis. Curr Mol Med 2018; 17:460-467. [PMID: 29424310 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180207152941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhao QH, Wu WH, Gong SG, Jiang R, He J, Luo CJ, Qiu HL, Li JL, Liu JM, Wang L. [Clinical and imaging features of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangioma]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2018; 41:41-46. [PMID: 29343015 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of the pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) and pulmonary capillary hemangioma (PCH). Methods: The clinical features, radiological findings, laboratory testing and treatment in 8 cases of PVOD/PCH which was diagnosed from 2013 to 2017 were described. Results: PVOD/PCH was rare. The clinical symptoms were easily confused with IPAH, but the decrease of hypoxemia, clubbing, D(L)CO were more obvious, and the imaging features of HRCT were helpful for PVOD/PCH diagnosis. Combined with gene testing, it was helpful to diagnose PVOD/PCH and avoid the risk of surgical biopsy. Conclusion: PVOD and PCH are rare type of pulmonary vascular diseases. According to clinical manifestations, physical examination, pulmonary function test results, HRCT imaging, CPET and gene detection results, PVOD or PCH can be diagnosed.
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Croft KD, Zhang D, Jiang R, Ayer A, Shengule S, Payne RJ, Ward NC, Stocker R. Structural requirements of flavonoids to induce heme oxygenase-1 expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:165-175. [PMID: 28970059 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Population studies suggest cardiovascular health benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables rich in polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids. We reported previously that the flavonoid quercetin protects arteries from oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice, with induction of heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) playing a critical role. The present study investigated the structural requirements of flavonoids to induce Hmox1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). We identified ortho-dihydroxyl groups and an α,β-unsaturated system attached to a catechol as the key structural requirements for Hmox1 induction. Active but not inactive flavonoids had a low oxidation potential and prevented ascorbate autoxidation, suggesting that Hmox1 inducers readily undergo oxidation and that oxidized, rather than reduced, flavonoids may be the biological inducer of Hmox1. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized stable derivatives of caffeic acid (3-(3,4-dihyroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid) containing either ortho-dihydroxy or ortho-dioxo groups. Compared with the dihydroxy compound, the quinone analog induced Hmox1 more potently in HAEC and also provided enhanced protection to arteries of wild type animals against oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, the quinone analog failed to provide protection against oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction in arteries of Hmox1-/- mice, establishing a key role for Hmox1 in vascular protection. These results suggest that oxidized forms of dietary polyphenols are the likely inducers of Hmox1 and may explain in part the protective cardiovascular effects of diets rich in these compounds.
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Behera M, Jiang R, Higgins K, Pillai R, Owonikoko T, Belani C, Khuri F, Ward K, Curran W, Ramalingam S. P3.13-027 Utilization of PET Scan in Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the United States. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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65
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Ferris M, Jiang R, Ward K, Ramalingam S, Behera M, Higgins K. OA 01.06 Radiation Therapy is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Cardiac Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liu Z, Wang J, Meng Z, Wang X, Zhang C, Chen J, Jiang X, Wang L, Lin L, Zhang X, Chen P, Huang C, Jiang R, Li K. P3.01-084 Analysis on ALTER0303 Trial: aCECs Level May Correlate with Metastases Burden and Predict PFS of Anlotinib in Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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67
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Jiang R, Yu ZW. [The application of narrow-band imaging in diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of head and neck]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2017; 52:800. [PMID: 29050105 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wang L, Jiang R, Zhao QH, He J, Gong SG, Zhou W, Yuan P, Zhang R, Li JL, Shi JY, Liu JM. [Clinical analysis of Behçet disease associated with pulmonary vascular disease]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2017; 40:343-348. [PMID: 28482419 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical features, therapy and prognosis of Behcet's disease(BD) complicated with pulmonary vascular diseases (PVD). Methods: The clinical manifestation, hemodynamics, pulmonary artery angiographic findings, therapy and prognosis of PVD in BD in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2009 to August 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Seven patients with average of (37±20) years were included. The ratio of male vs. female was 6∶1. Vascular involvement included pulmonary hypertension (PH) (4/7), pulmonary embolism (PE) (3/7) and pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAA) (3/7). All patients received immunosuppressive agents and all PH patients had therapy of PH target drugs. Three out of 4 PE patients underwent anticoagulant therapy. Conclusion: PVD is a rare complication of BD. The common clinical manifestations are PH, PE and PAA. Management of immunosuppressive agents may improve the prognosis and should be recommended.
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Yan Q, Jiang R, Huang C, Yan G, Sun H. CAPN7 negatively regulates embryo adhesion via cleaving hoxa10. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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van Laarhoven H, Damhofer H, Veenstra V, Waasdorp C, van Rijssen L, Dijk F, Wilmink J, Besselink M, Busch O, Medema J, Shiansong Li J, Jiang R, Pierce D, Bijlsma M. Circulating levels of ADAM12, a stromal activation biomarker, are predictive of survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx369.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Development of the mammalian secondary palate involves highly dynamic morphogenetic processes, including outgrowth of palatal shelves from the oral side of the embryonic maxillary prominences, elevation of the initially vertically oriented palatal shelves to the horizontal position above the embryonic tongue, and subsequently adhesion and fusion of the paired palatal shelves at the midline to separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. Perturbation of any of these processes could cause cleft palate, a common birth defect that significantly affects patients' quality of life even after surgical treatment. In addition to identifying a large number of genes required for palate development, recent studies have begun to unravel the extensive cross-regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor β, and Wnt signaling, and multiple transcription factors during palatal shelf growth and patterning. Multiple studies also provide new insights into the gene regulatory networks and/or dynamic cellular processes underlying palatal shelf elevation, adhesion, and fusion. Here we summarize major recent advances and integrate the genes and molecular pathways with the cellular and morphogenetic processes of palatal shelf growth, patterning, elevation, adhesion, and fusion.
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Fu X, Xu J, Chaturvedi P, Liu H, Jiang R, Lan Y. Identification of Osr2 Transcriptional Target Genes in Palate Development. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1451-1458. [PMID: 28731788 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517719749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified the odd-skipped related 2 (Osr2) transcription factor as a key intrinsic regulator of palatal shelf growth and morphogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular program acting downstream of Osr2 in the regulation of palatogenesis. In this study, we isolated palatal mesenchyme cells from embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and E13.5 Osr2RFP/+ and Osr2RFP/- mutant mouse embryos and performed whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analyses. Differential expression analysis of the RNA sequencing datasets revealed that expression of 70 genes was upregulated and expression of 61 genes was downregulated by >1.5-fold at both E12.5 and E13.5 in the Osr2RFP/- palatal mesenchyme cells, in comparison with Osr2RFP/+ littermates. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of signaling molecules and transcription factors crucial for skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation among those significantly upregulated in the Osr2 mutant palatal mesenchyme. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)and in situ hybridization assays, we validated that the Osr2-/- embryos exhibit significantly increased and expanded expression of many osteogenic pathway genes, including Bmp3, Bmp5, Bmp7, Mef2c, Sox6, and Sp7 in the developing palatal mesenchyme. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression of Sema3a, Sema3d, and Sema3e, is ectopically activated in the developing palatal mesenchyme in Osr2-/- embryos. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by RT-PCR analysis, we demonstrate that endogenous Osr2 protein binds to the promoter regions of the Sema3a and Sema3d genes in the embryonic palatal mesenchyme. Moreover, Osr2 expression repressed the transcription from the Sema3a and Sema3d promoters in cotransfected cells. Since the Sema3 subfamily of signaling molecules plays diverse roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, these data reveal a novel role for Osr2 in regulation of palatal morphogenesis through preventing aberrant activation of Sema3 signaling. Together, these data indicate that Osr2 controls multiple molecular pathways, including BMP and Sema3 signaling, in palate development.
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Deng L, Tang J, Yang H, Cheng C, Lu S, Jiang R, Sun B. MTA1 modulated by miR-30e contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through an ErbB2-dependent pathway. Oncogene 2017; 36:3976-3985. [PMID: 28288133 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MTA1 is a metastasis-associated protein, which is essential to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, information concerning its up- and downstream regulation is rare. We investigated its upstream regulation and downstream effector in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In total, 94 paired HCC and adjacent tissue samples were involved in the study, and the results indicated that decreased miR-30e levels were associated with increased MTA1 levels in human HCC. miR-30e exerted its regulation of MTA1 transcription by binding to its 3'-untranslated region, and was negatively associated with EMT. Furthermore, significantly higher expression of MTA1 was associated with overexpression of v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ErbB2) in human HCC, and MTA1 can promote transcription of ErbB2 by binding with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and acting as a promoter. The EMT promotion effect caused by MTA1 largely depended on ErbB2, and reducing the activity of ErbB2 can significantly attenuate EMT promotion by causing overexpression of MTA1 both in vitro and in vivo. In general, downregulation of miR-30e can increase levels of MTA1 in human HCC, and furthermore promote cell invasion and metastasis by promoting ErbB2.
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Li C, Lan Y, Krumlauf R, Jiang R. Modulating Wnt Signaling Rescues Palate Morphogenesis in Pax9 Mutant Mice. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1273-1281. [PMID: 28692808 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517719865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common birth defect caused by disruption of palatogenesis during embryonic development. Although mutations disrupting components of the Wnt signaling pathway have been associated with cleft lip and palate in humans and mice, the mechanisms involving canonical Wnt signaling and its regulation in secondary palate development are not well understood. Here, we report that canonical Wnt signaling plays an important role in Pax9-mediated regulation of secondary palate development. We found that cleft palate pathogenesis in Pax9-deficient embryos is accompanied by significantly reduced expression of Axin2, an endogenous target of canonical Wnt signaling, in the developing palatal mesenchyme, particularly in the posterior regions of the palatal shelves. We found that expression of Dkk2, encoding a secreted Wnt antagonist, is significantly increased whereas the levels of active β-catenin protein, the essential transcriptional coactivator of canonical Wnt signaling, is significantly decreased in the posterior regions of the palatal shelves in embryonic day 13.5 Pax9-deficent embryos in comparison with control littermates. We show that small molecule-mediated inhibition of Dickkopf (DKK) activity in utero during palatal shelf morphogenesis partly rescued secondary palate development in Pax9-deficient embryos. Moreover, we found that genetic inactivation of Wise, which is expressed in the developing palatal shelves and encodes another secreted antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling, also rescued palate morphogenesis in Pax9-deficient mice. Furthermore, whereas Pax9del/del embryos exhibit defects in palatal shelf elevation/reorientation and significant reduction in accumulation of hyaluronic acid-a high molecular extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan implicated in playing an important role in palatal shelf elevation-80% of Pax9del/del;Wise-/- double-mutant mouse embryos exhibit rescued palatal shelf elevation/reorientation, accompanied by restored hyaluronic acid accumulation in the palatal mesenchyme. Together, these data identify a crucial role for canonical Wnt signaling in acting downstream of Pax9 to regulate palate morphogenesis.
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Kwon HJE, Jia S, Lan Y, Liu H, Jiang R. Activin and Bmp4 Signaling Converge on Wnt Activation during Odontogenesis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1145-1152. [PMID: 28605600 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517713710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that both activin and Bmp4 act as crucial mesenchymal odontogenic signals during early tooth development. Remarkably, mice lacking activin-βA ( Inhba-/-) and mice with neural crest-specific inactivation of Bmp4 ( Bmp4ncko/ncko) both exhibit bud-stage developmental arrest of the mandibular molar tooth germs while their maxillary molar tooth germs completed morphogenesis. In this study, we found that, whereas expression of Inhba and Bmp4 in the developing tooth mesenchyme is independent of each other, Bmp4ncko/nckoInhba-/- compound mutant mice exhibit early developmental arrest of all tooth germs. Moreover, genetic inactivation of Osr2, a negative regulator of the odontogenic function of the Bmp4-Msx1 signaling pathway, rescues mandibular molar morphogenesis in Inhba-/- embryos. We recently reported that Osr2 and the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway control the bud-to-cap transition of tooth morphogenesis through antagonistic regulation of expression of secreted Wnt antagonists, including Dkk2 and Sfrp2, in the developing tooth mesenchyme. We show here that expression of Dkk2 messenger RNAs was significantly upregulated and expanded into the tooth bud mesenchyme in Inhba-/- embryos in comparison with wild-type littermates. Furthermore, in utero treatment with either lithium chloride, an agonist of canonical Wnt signaling, or the DKK inhibitor IIIC3a rescued mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis in Inhba-/- embryos. Together with our finding that the developing mandibular molar tooth bud mesenchyme expresses significantly higher levels of Dkk2 than the developing maxillary molar tooth mesenchyme, these data indicate that Bmp4 and activin signaling pathways converge on activation of the Wnt signaling pathway to promote tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition and that the differential effects of loss of activin or Bmp4 signaling on maxillary and mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis are mainly due to the differential expression of Wnt antagonists, particularly Dkk2, in the maxillary and mandibular tooth mesenchyme.
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