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Samuel RA, Gopalan PD, Coovadia Y, Samuel R. Infection control in anaesthesia in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Part 3: Decontamination practices. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2013.10872925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Samuel RA, Gopalan PD, Coovadia Y, Samuel R. Infection control in anaesthesia in regional, tertiary and central hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Part 2: Equipment contamination. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2013.10872914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Samuel R, Pinsker W, Kiehn M. Phytogeny of some Species ofCyrtandra(Gesneriaceae) Inferred from theatpB/rbcLcpDNA Intergene Region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1997.tb00669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Samuel R, Pinsker W, Ehrendorfer F. Electrophoretic Analysis of Genetic Variation within and between Populations ofQuercus cerris, Q. pubescens, Q. petraeaandQ. robur(Fagaceae) from Eastern Austria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Levy-Sakin M, Grunwald A, Kim S, Gassman NR, Gottfried A, Antelman J, Kim Y, Ho S, Samuel R, Michalet X, Lin RR, Dertinger T, Kim AS, Chung S, Colyer RA, Weinhold E, Weiss S, Ebenstein Y. Toward single-molecule optical mapping of the epigenome. ACS NANO 2014; 8:14-26. [PMID: 24328256 PMCID: PMC4022788 DOI: 10.1021/nn4050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an explosive growth in the utilization of single-molecule techniques for the study of complex systems. The ability to resolve phenomena otherwise masked by ensemble averaging has made these approaches especially attractive for the study of biological systems, where stochastic events lead to inherent inhomogeneity at the population level. The complex composition of the genome has made it an ideal system to study at the single-molecule level, and methods aimed at resolving genetic information from long, individual, genomic DNA molecules have been in use for the last 30 years. These methods, and particularly optical-based mapping of DNA, have been instrumental in highlighting genomic variation and contributed significantly to the assembly of many genomes including the human genome. Nanotechnology and nanoscopy have been a strong driving force for advancing genomic mapping approaches, allowing both better manipulation of DNA on the nanoscale and enhanced optical resolving power for analysis of genomic information. During the past few years, these developments have been adopted also for epigenetic studies. The common principle for these studies is the use of advanced optical microscopy for the detection of fluorescently labeled epigenetic marks on long, extended DNA molecules. Here we will discuss recent single-molecule studies for the mapping of chromatin composition and epigenetic DNA modifications, such as DNA methylation.
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Samuel R, Bishop B, Gillmor SD. Membrane Interactions with ATRA Peptides. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Fernandes H, Nikoloutsopoulos A, Jenkin N, Samuel R, Liu Y. Culture of frozen-thawed embryos to blastocyst and transfer significantly improves pregnancy rates compared with transfer of embryos post thaw. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Samuel R, Zimmet H, Hopper I, Paukovics G, Wang B, Zannettino A, Kaye D, Peter K, Bassler N, Krum H. Are Circulating Adult Stem Cell Levels Increased in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure? Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kessler MS, Samuel R, Gillmor S. Vesicles and Phase Dynamics: Cross-Linking Effects. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Samuel R, Sant HJ, Jiao F, Johnson CR, Gale BK. Microfluidic laminate-based phantom for diffusion tensor-magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI). JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2011; 21:950271-9502711. [PMID: 22865956 PMCID: PMC3410755 DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/21/9/095027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports fabrication of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantom created by stacking of multiple thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers. PDMS is spin coated on SU-8 molds to obtain the desired layer thickness and imprints of the microchannel patterns that define the phantom geometry. This paper also identifies the unique challenges related to the fabrication and assembly of multiple thin layers and reports for the first time assembly of a large number of thin laminates of this nature. Use of photolithography techniques allows us to create a wide range of phantom geometries. The target dimensions of the phantoms reported here are (i) a stack of 30 thin PDMS layers of 10 µm thickness (ii) curved 5 µm × 5 µm microchannels with 8.7 µm spacing, and (iii) straight 5 µm × 5 µm microchannels with 3.6 µm spacing. SEM scans of the assembled phantoms show open microchannels and a monolithic cross-section with no visible interface between PDMS layers. Based on the results of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) scan, the anisotropic diffusion of water molecules due to the physical restriction of the microchannels was detected, which means that the phantom can be used to calibrate and optimize MRI instrumentation.
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Mohapatra A, Viswabandya A, Samuel R, Deepti AN, Madhivanan S, John GT. NK/T-cell lymphoma in a renal transplant recipient and review of literature. Indian J Nephrol 2011; 21:44-7. [PMID: 21655170 PMCID: PMC3109783 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.78078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas, particularly NK/T-cell lymphomas are rare post transplantation malignancies. Only a few cases have been described. These tumors behave aggressively and the outcome is poor. We present here a case of NK/T-cell lymphoma who presented to us with an orbital swelling 9 years after renal transplantation, along with the review of literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of NK/T-cell lymphoma post-renal transplantation reported from India.
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Kessler M, Samuel R, Baldwin K, Gupta R, Lee A, Gillmor SD. Vesicle and Lipid Bilayer Dynamics: Cross-Linking Effects and FRAP Analysis. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cruz-Mazo G, Buide M, Samuel R, Narbona E. Molecular phylogeny of Scorzoneroides (Asteraceae): Evolution of heterocarpy and annual habit in unpredictable environments. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 53:835-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lessheim H, Samuel R. II.On the dissociation of some molecules with free valencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14786443608561560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ebenstein Y, Gassman N, Kim S, Antelman J, Kim Y, Ho S, Samuel R, Michalet X, Weiss S. Lighting up individual DNA binding proteins with quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:1598-603. [PMID: 19290670 PMCID: PMC3084662 DOI: 10.1021/nl803820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to determine the precise loci and occupancy of DNA-binding proteins is instrumental to our understanding of cellular processes like gene expression and regulation. We propose a single-molecule approach for the direct visualization of proteins bound to their template DNA. Fluorescent quantum dots (QD) are used to label proteins bound to DNA, allowing multicolor, nanometer-resolution localization. Protein-DNA complexes are linearly extended and imaged to determine the precise location of the protein binding sites. The method is demonstrated by detecting individual QD-labeled T7-RNA polymerases on the T7 bacteriophage genome. This work demonstrates the potential of this approach to precisely read protein binding position or, alternatively, "write" such information on extended DNA with QDs via sequence-specific molecular recognition.
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Clauss H, Samuel R. Simultaneous mold infections in an orthotopic heart transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2008; 10:343-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Deepa TM, Venkata Rao E, Patil RR, Samuel R. Operational feasibility of establishing community reporting systems. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2008; 21:166-170. [PMID: 19267036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developing countries the absence ofa credible disease surveillance system results in an inappropriate response to an outbreak. Since a functioning and responsive disease surveillance system cannot be provided immediately, some interim surveillance system for early detection of outbreaks is needed to institute a prompt response. This operational research study was conducted to assess the feasibility of establishing community reporting systems involving women self-help groups and members of Panchayati raj institutions through syndromic surveillance at the community level. METHODS Reporting was initiated from 8 villages in 4 gram panchayats of Begunia block of Khurda district in Orissa during May and June 2005. Members of women self-help groups and Panchayati raj institutions were trained on structured reporting guidelines. In congruence with the state disease surveillance system, weekly reporting was started for comparison where feasible. RESULTS Completeness of reporting was better achieved by women self-help groups (91.6%) than members of Panchayati raj institutions (66.6%). Data capture was more complete as compared with the existing disease surveillance system. Illnesses among women were better captured and greater ownership of the public health service was noted. CONCLUSION Establishing community reporting systems using women self-help groups and members of Panchayat raj institutions for disease surveillance in India is a feasible option.
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Horner D, Samuel R, Royle S, Field J. Re: To suspend or not to suspend: a randomised single blind trial of simple trapeziectomy versus trapeziectomy and flexor carpi radialis suspension, Field J, Buchanan D, Journal of Hand Surgery, 2007; 32E: 462-466. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2008; 33:397-8. [PMID: 18562389 DOI: 10.1177/1753193408091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Samuel R, Asokan C, Suma S, Chandran P, Retnamma S, Anabha E. A facile method for the synthesis of substituted 2-ylidene-1,3-oxathioles from acetophenones. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Monkowski DH, Axelrod P, Fekete T, Hollander T, Furukawa S, Samuel R. Infections associated with ventricular assist devices: epidemiology and effect on prognosis after transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2007; 9:114-20. [PMID: 17461996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2006.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular assist devices (VADs) can be used as a bridge to orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in people with severe congestive heart failure. Although they can be inserted for an indefinite time period (unlike balloon pumps), they do carry a substantial risk of infection. We studied the epidemiology, microbiology, and consequences of infection in patients with VADs who ultimately had cardiac transplantation. METHODS Records of VAD-supported patients at our institution between January 1995 and January 2005 were identified by ICD-9 code. Infection was classified as driveline infection, pocket infection, mediastinitis, or VAD endocarditis in increasing severity of illness. RESULTS Of 73 patients identified by ICD-9 code, 60 had charts available for review. Of these 60, 72% had a VAD infection: 13 had VAD endocarditis; 3, mediastinitis; 25, pocket infection; and 29, driveline infection. The only association of infection (43 patients, 72%) and demography or underlying disease was that of endocarditis with older age (median age 59 vs. 53 years; P=0.02) and diabetes mellitus (13 patients, 30%; risk ratio 3.4; P=0.01). The duration of VAD support was longer in infected patients (median 125 days) vs. uninfected ones (25 days). Median survival measured from the time of VAD placement (although also true from the time of transplantation) was shorter in patients with VAD endocarditis (120 days) and pocket infection (350 days) vs. no infection (>2400 days) with a significant P=0.017 for endocarditis. Four patients had infections after transplantation that were caused by the same organism as their VAD infection. The predominant pathogens in VAD infection were Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. CONCLUSION VAD use as a bridge to cardiac transplantation is associated with a large number of device-related infections. Patients with infected VADs, on average, wait longer for transplantation than patients with uninfected VADs, and patients with VAD endocarditis have a shorter survival than patients with no VAD infection or simple driveline infection.
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Padmaja P, Samuel R, Kuruvilla PJ, Mathai E. Subcutaneous dirofilariasis in southern India: a case report. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2005; 99:437-40. [PMID: 15949193 DOI: 10.1179/36485905x36253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Samuel R, Sarker A. Placement of guidewire for fixation of intertrochanteric femoral neck fractures. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2005; 87:211. [PMID: 15920799 PMCID: PMC1963894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The teaching of medical anatomy is changing. Medical schools worldwide are moving away from dissection and lectures to a more integrated course, where basic science and clinical skills are taught simultaneously. Medical students on these integrated courses have reported a lack of confidence in their basic science knowledge, especially concerning anatomy. Our aim was to perform a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to compare anatomical knowledge of two groups of second-year medical students, the first group taught on a traditional course, the second on an integrated course. MATERIALS AND METHODS Testing was done using a Questionnaire in a "True/False" format. There were 80 students in each group. There was no penalty for an incorrect answer. The test was performed under examination conditions. Papers were marked under blind conditions. Results were analysed using a Student's t test analysis. RESULTS Those students taught on a traditional course exhibited a significantly higher level of basic anatomical knowledge (p<0.001) than those taught on an integrated course. The students taught on an integrated course showed a much greater range of results. CONCLUSIONS Students taught on a traditional course have a higher level of anatomical knowledge than those taught on an integrated course. Our results differ from previous studies done in Europe which show no difference between the courses.
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Samuel R, Jarratt J, Kenny N. Use of Rhys-Davies exsanguinator in positioning for retrograde femoral nailing. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2005; 87:141-2. [PMID: 15832441 PMCID: PMC1963878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
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Sherman-Weber S, Axelrod P, Suh B, Rubin S, Beltramo D, Manacchio J, Furukawa S, Weber T, Eisen H, Samuel R. Infective endocarditis following orthotopic heart transplantation: 10 cases and a review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis 2004; 6:165-70. [PMID: 15762934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2004.00074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis is a known complication of cardiac transplantation. However, published information has been limited to case reports and small case series. METHODS Cardiac transplantation has been performed at Temple University Hospital since 1983. We identified transplant patients with ICD-9 codes for endocarditis or bacteremia. A diagnosis of endocarditis required fulfillment of the Duke criteria and presence of a vegetation. Clinical and microbiologic data were collected. Demographic and survival information were compared with heart transplant recipients without endocarditis. We reviewed all previously published cases using a MEDLINE search. RESULTS Ten of 659 heart transplant recipients had endocarditis (1.5%, 187 cases per 100,000 person years). Mitral and tricuspid valves were involved predominantly. No patient had aortic valve infection. Patients with tricuspid valve infection had a greater median number of endomyocardial biopsies (n=23) than those with mitral valve infection (n=9, P=0.10). The major pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (4 cases) and Aspergillus fumigatus (3 cases). Factors associated with S. aureus infection were new hemodialysis catheters, cellulitis, and a contaminated donor organ. All patients with A. fumigatus had antecedent cytomegalovirus viremia and disseminated fungal infection, including endophthalmitis. Endocarditis-related mortality was 80%. Median survival after transplant was 1.4 years in patients with endocarditis, compared with 9.3 years in other heart transplant recipients (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Endocarditis is substantially more common in heart transplant recipients than in general populations. Frequent central venous catheter access and multiple endomyocardial biopsies appear to predispose to infection. Aspergillus is a common pathogen and endocarditis follows infection elsewhere. The prognosis of post-cardiac transplant endocarditis is poor.
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