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Fugger G, Gleiss A, Baldinger P, Strnad A, Kasper S, Frey R. Psychiatric patients' perception of physical restraint. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:221-31. [PMID: 26472265 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate psychiatric patients' subjective perception during and after belt fixation. METHOD All patients who were involuntarily admitted and physically restrained at a psychiatric intensive care unit within an 18-month study period were analysed. Ratings were obtained at four visits when questioning was possible. RESULTS Within a heterogeneous diagnostic sample of 47 patients, only 12 patients were eligible to participate during belt fixation. After cessation of fixation, eight patients lacked any memory of restraint, while 36 could be questioned. Visual analogue scale median scores indicated powerlessness and depressiveness rather than anxiety and aggression. Patients' acceptance of the coercive measure was significantly higher (P = 0.003), while patients' memory was significantly lower than expected (P < 0.001). About 50% of the patients documented high perceived coercion, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could be supposed in a quarter of the restrained individuals. Subjective perceptions concerning fixation showed no significant changes over time. Results showed high interindividual variability. CONCLUSION Visual analogue scale revealed that belt fixation seemed to be forgotten or accepted in the majority of patients, probably due to psychiatric intensive care, psychopharmacological treatment and clinical improvements. The responses of a quarter of the patients assessed before discharge may be in accordance with symptoms of PTSD.
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Popovic A, Bauer M, Bartova L, Sauerzopf U, Praschak-Rieder N, Rami-Mark C, Nics L, Philippe C, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Kasper S, Willeit M. Neurochemical and behavioral sensitization to d-amphetamine in healthy subjects measured with [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO-PET. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIt has been shown that patients with schizophrenia are super-sensitive towards dopamine-releasing agents such as amphetamine. Here, we studied the effects of amphetamine sensitization on amphetamine-induced dopamine release in healthy subjects.ObjectivesTo measure d-amphetamine-induced dopamine release as measured with the D2,3 agonist radioligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO-PET via change in non-displacable binding potential (BPND) and behavioral measures of d-amphetamine effects with drug effects questionnaire (DEQ) and subjective states questionnaire (SSQ).AimsTo study d-amphetamine-induced sensitization in healthy subjects on a behavioral and neurochemical level with [11C]-(+)-PHNO-PET in order to gain more knowledge on sensitization-induced changes in the dopaminergic system.MethodsTwelve stimulant-naïve healthy male subjects underwent three 90-min [11C]-(+)-PHNO-PET-scans and four oral administrations of d-amphetamine. After a naïve baseline scan, subjects underwent a PET scan with previous ingestion of 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight of d-amphetamine 90–120 minutes before scanning. Subsequently, subjects were sensitized to d-amphetamine with the same dose on two separate days. Thereafter, they underwent another PET scan with previous d-amphetamine ingestion. DEQ and SSQ were administered before, 60 min, 90–120 min, and 210 min after amphetamine ingestion.ResultsWe found significant sensitization effects on a behavioral level and on a neurochemical level after four administrations of amphetamine. Items of the SSQ, which showed significant sensitization effects were “outgoing”, “energetic”, “lively”, “alert” and “focused”.ConclusionsWe were able to induce significant behavioral and neurochemical sensitization in healthy humans, which were measured with [11C]-(+)-PHNO-PET for the first time. This sensitization model will be useful for studying the neurobiology of schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Pjrek E, Baldinger-Melich P, Spies M, Papageorgiou K, Kasper S, Winkler D. Epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of seasonal affective disorder in Austria. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 32:28-33. [PMID: 26802981 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subtype of recurrent depressive or bipolar disorder that is characterized by regular onset and remission of affective episodes at the same time of the year. The aim of the present study was to provide epidemiological data and data on the socioeconomic impact of SAD in the general population of Austria. METHODS We conducted a computer-assisted telephone interview in 910 randomly selected subjects (577 females and 333 males) using the Seasonal Health Questionnaire (SHQ), the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Telephone numbers were randomly drawn from all Austrian telephone books and transformed using the random last digits method. The last birthday method was employed to choose the target person for the interviews. RESULTS Out of our subjects, 2.5% fulfilled criteria for the seasonal pattern specifier according to DSM-5 and 2.4% (95% CI=1.4-3.5%) were diagnosed with SAD. When applying the ICD-10 criteria 1.9% (95% CI=0.9-2.8%) fulfilled SAD diagnostic criteria. The prevalence of fall-winter depression according to the Kasper-Rosenthal criteria was determined to be 3.5%. The criteria was fulfilled by 15.1% for subsyndromal SAD (s-SAD). We did not find any statistically significant gender differences in prevalence rates. When using the DSM-5 as a gold standard for the diagnosis of SAD, diagnosis derived from the SPAQ yielded a sensitivity of 31.8% and a specificity of 97.2%. Subjects with SAD had significantly higher scores on the SDS and higher rates of sick leave and days with reduced productivity than healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence estimates for SAD with the SHQ are lower than with the SPAQ. Our data are indicative of the substantial burden of disease and the socioeconomic impact of SAD. This epidemiological data shows a lack of gender differences in SAD prevalence. The higher rates of females in clinical SAD samples might, at least in part, be explained by lower help seeking behaviour in males.
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Pogorzelski M, Ting S, Gauler T, Breitenbücher F, Vossebein I, Hoffarth S, Markowetz J, Lang S, Bergmann C, Brandau S, Abu-Jawad J, Schmid K, Schuler M, Kasper S. 39 Molecular dissection of the impact of frequent genetic alterations on the response of head and neck cancers to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor-directed therapies. Oral Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fabbri C, Crisafulli C, Gurwitz D, Stingl J, Calati R, Albani D, Forloni G, Calabrò M, Martines R, Kasper S, Zohar J, Juven-Wetzler A, Souery D, Montgomery S, Mendlewicz J, Girolamo GD, Serretti A. Neuronal cell adhesion genes and antidepressant response in three independent samples. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 15:538-48. [PMID: 25850031 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-effect phenotypes in human lymphoblastoid cell lines recently allowed to identify CHL1 (cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM), GAP43 (growth-associated protein 43) and ITGB3 (integrin beta 3) as new candidates for involvement in the antidepressant effect. CHL1 and ITGB3 code for adhesion molecules, while GAP43 codes for a neuron-specific cytosolic protein expressed in neuronal growth cones; all the three gene products are involved in synaptic plasticity. Sixteen polymorphisms in these genes were genotyped in two samples (n=369 and 90) with diagnosis of major depressive episode who were treated with antidepressants in a naturalistic setting. Phenotypes were response, remission and treatment-resistant depression. Logistic regression including appropriate covariates was performed. Genes associated with outcomes were investigated in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) genome-wide study (n=1861) as both individual genes and through a pathway analysis (Reactome and String databases). Gene-based analysis suggested CHL1 rs4003413, GAP43 rs283393 and rs9860828, ITGB3 rs3809865 as the top candidates due to their replication across the largest original sample and the STAR*D cohort. GAP43 molecular pathway was associated with both response and remission in the STAR*D, with ELAVL4 representing the gene with the highest percentage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with outcomes. Other promising genes emerging from the pathway analysis were ITGB1 and NRP1. The present study was the first to analyze cell adhesion genes and their molecular pathways in antidepressant response. Genes and biomarkers involved in neuronal adhesion should be considered by further studies aimed to identify predictors of antidepressant response.
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Kasper S. European Program for Treatment Resistant Depression. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Frey R, Spies M, Fugger G, Baldinger P, Kasper S. Agitation in Schizophrenia and Mania: Consensus Statement by the Austrian Society for Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (OGPB). Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Bartova L, Vogl S, Stamenkovic M, Kasper S, Willeit M. Intravenous Administration of S-ketamine in a Severely Depressed Treatment-resistant Patient Receiving Tranylcypromine: a Case Report. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Dold M, Aigner M, Treasure J, Kasper S. Are Second-generation Antipsychotic Drugs Effective in Treating Anorexia Nervosa? Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)31044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Reis H, Herold T, Ting S, Worm K, Huber U, Christoph DC, Eberhardt WE, Kostbade K, Kasper S, Stamatis G, Welter S, Darwiche K, Karpf-Wissel R, Theegarten D, Schmid KW, Schuler M, Wiesweg M. HER2 expression and markers of phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway activation define a favorable subgroup of metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Lung Cancer 2015; 88:34-41. [PMID: 25708529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ADC) can be sub-grouped based on dominant oncogenic drivers. EGFR mutations define an entity of metastatic ADC with favorable prognosis and high susceptibility to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition. In contrast, the clinical impact of additional ERBB family members in ADC is less defined. To this end we prospectively studied HER2 expression, gene amplification, and mutation in relation to outcome of patients with advanced or metastatic ADC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diagnostic tumor biopsies from 193 sequential patients with stage III/IV ADC were prospectively studied for HER2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cases with IHC scores 2+ or 3+ were analyzed by HER2 chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), and sequencing of HER2 exons 20 and 23. Additional prospectively determined biomarkers included PTEN, cMET, pAKT, and pERK expression, KRAS, EGFR, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, and ALK fluorescence ISH (FISH). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION HER2-IHC was feasible in 176 (91.2%) cases. Of 53 (30%) cases with IHC scores 2+/3+, 45 (85%) could be studied by CISH and 34 (64%) by sequencing. The lower number of HER2-mutational analyses resulted from exhaustion of tumor tissue and DNA following mutational analysis of KRAS, EGFR, BRAF and PIK3CA. HER2 amplification was detected in 4 cases (2.3%), while no mutation was found. HER2 expression correlated with expression of pAKT and cMET. Expression of HER2 and pAKT was associated with favorable overall survival in stage IV disease. HER2-expressing ADC more frequently harbored KRAS mutations, while HER2 expression was absent in all 4 cases with BRAF mutation. HER2-IHC was not predictive of HER2 gene amplification or mutation, which both were rare events in prospectively studied patients with advanced or metastatic ADC. Expression of HER2 and pAKT define a population of patients with stage IV ADC with a distinct disease course, who could benefit from specifically tailored pharmacotherapies.
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Göbel C, Breitenbuecher F, Kalkavan H, Hähnel PS, Kasper S, Hoffarth S, Merches K, Schild H, Lang KS, Schuler M. Functional expression cloning identifies COX-2 as a suppressor of antigen-specific cancer immunity. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1568. [PMID: 25501829 PMCID: PMC4649842 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of immune surveillance and antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy equally depends on the activation of a sustained immune response targeting cancer antigens and the susceptibility of cancer cells to immune effector mechanisms. Using functional expression cloning and T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, we have identified cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) as resistance factor against the cytotoxicity induced by activated, antigen-specific T cells. Expressing COX-2, but not a catalytically inactive COX-2 mutant, increased the clonogenic survival of E1A-transformed murine cancer cells when cocultured with lymphocytes from St42Rag2−/− mice harboring a transgenic TCR directed against an E1A epitope. COX-2 expressing tumors established in immune-deficient mice were less susceptible to adoptive immunotherapy with TCR transgenic lymphocytes in vivo. Also, immune surveillance of COX-2-positive tumor cells in TCR transgenic mice was less efficient. The growth of murine MC-GP tumors, which show high endogenous COX-2 expression, in immunocompetent mice was effectively suppressed by treatment with a selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib. Mechanistically, COX-2 expression blunted the interferon-gamma release of antigen-specific T cells exposed to their respective cellular targets, and increased the expression of interleukin-4 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by tumor cells. Addition of interferon-gamma sensitized COX-2 expressing cancer cells to tumor suppression by antigen-specific T cells. In conclusion, COX-2, which is frequently induced in colorectal cancer, contributes to immune evasion and resistance to antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy by local suppression of T-cell effector functions.
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Pogorzelski M, Ting S, Gauler TC, Breitenbuecher F, Vossebein I, Hoffarth S, Markowetz J, Lang S, Bergmann C, Brandau S, Jawad JA, Schmid KW, Schuler M, Kasper S. Impact of human papilloma virus infection on the response of head and neck cancers to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapy. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1091. [PMID: 24577089 PMCID: PMC3944273 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) characterizes a distinct subset of head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs). HPV-positive HNSCC preferentially affect the oropharynx and tonsils. Localized HPV-positive HNSCCs have a favorable prognosis and treatment outcome. However, the impact of HPV in advanced or metastatic HNSCC remains to be defined. In particular, it is unclear whether HPV modulates the response to cetuximab, an antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is a mainstay of treatment of advanced HNSCC. To this end, we have examined the sensitivity of HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC models to cetuximab and cytotoxic drugs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have stably expressed the HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 in cetuximab-sensitive cancer cell lines to specifically investigate their role in the antibody response. The endogenous HPV status or the expression of HPV oncogenes had no significant impact on cetuximab-mediated suppression of EGFR signaling and proliferation in vitro. Cetuximab effectively inhibited the growth of E6- and E7-expressing tumors grafted in NOD/SCID mice. In support, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples from cetuximab-treated patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC were probed for p16INK4a expression, an established biomarker of HPV infection. Response rates (45.5% versus 45.5%) and median progression-free survival (97 versus 92 days) following cetuximab-based therapy were similar in patients with p16INK4A-positive and p16INK4A-negative tumors. In conclusion, HPV oncogenes do not modulate the anti-EGFR antibody response in HSNCC. Cetuximab treatment should be administered independently of HPV status.
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Kasper S. EPA-1442 - Depression: Personalised medicine or stratified medicine? Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Baldinger P, Kranz G, Höflich A, Savli M, Stein P, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. [The effects of hormone replacement therapy on mind and brain]. DER NERVENARZT 2013; 84:14-9. [PMID: 22318360 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-011-3456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal fluctuations during the perimenopausal transition lead to physical discomfort but are also frequently accompanied by mood swings, depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleeping disorders. The important role of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and major depression is unquestioned, but only little is known about the influence of sex hormones on the serotonergic system. This review provides an overview of potential risk factors for the occurrence of affective disorders in the menopausal transition and discusses possible therapeutic options. Current research findings from longitudinal studies testing the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy and antidepressants with effects on the serotonergic neurotransmission on physical and mental discomforts during menopause are presented. Furthermore, studies using positron emission tomography and genetic methods that explore the effects of sex steroids on different components of the serotonergic system are shown. The interactions between estrogen, progesterone and the serotonergic system are described, and possible neurobiological and endocrinological mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms in the perimenopause are elucidated.
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Aradi B, Kato M, Filková M, Kasper S, Klein K, Bader M, Scharl M, Michel BA, Gay RE, Buzás EI, Gay S, Jüngel A. THU0071 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 2 (PTPN2) is an Important Regulator of Inflammation and Autophagy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Caldarelli A, Müller JP, Paskowski-Rogacz M, Herrmann K, Bauer R, Koch S, Heninger AK, Krastev D, Ding L, Kasper S, Fischer T, Brodhun M, Böhmer FD, Buchholz F. A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies proteins modulating aberrant FLT3-ITD signaling. Leukemia 2013; 27:2301-10. [PMID: 23508117 PMCID: PMC3865536 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 is a commonly mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia, with about one-third of patients carrying an internal-tandem duplication of the juxtamembrane domain in the receptor (FLT3-ITD). FLT3-ITD exhibits altered signaling quality, including aberrant activation of STAT5. To identify genes affecting FLT3-ITD-mediated STAT5 signaling, we performed an esiRNA-based RNAi screen utilizing a STAT5-driven reporter assay. Knockdowns that caused reduced FLT3-ITD-mediated STAT5 signaling were enriched for genes encoding proteins involved in protein secretion and intracellular protein transport, indicating that modulation of protein transport processes could potentially be used to reduce constitutive STAT5 signaling in FLT3-ITD-positive cells. The relevance of KDELR1, a component involved in the Golgi-ER retrograde transport, was further analyzed. In FLT3-ITD-expressing leukemic MV4-11 cells, downregulation of KDELR1 resulted in reduced STAT5 activation, proliferation and colony-forming capacity. Stable shRNA-mediated depletion of KDELR1 in FLT3-ITD-expressing 32D cells likewise resulted in reduced STAT5 signaling and cell proliferation. Importantly, these cells also showed a reduced capacity to generate a leukemia-like disease in syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice. Together our data suggest intracellular protein transport as a potential target for FLT3-ITD driven leukemias, with KDELR1 emerging as a positive modulator of oncogenic FLT3-ITD activity.
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Kasper S, Dienel A. Silexan (WS® 1265) vermindert begleitende depressive Symptome bei Patienten mit Angsterkrankungen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1338176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kranz G, Hahn A, Haeusler D, Philippe C, Kaufmann U, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. 1597 – Alterations in serotonin transporter asymmetry in male-to-female transsexuals measured by brain pet. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lanzenberger R, Baldinger P, Hahn A, Ungersboeck J, Mitterhauser M, Winkler D, Micskei Z, Stein P, Karanikas G, Wadsak W, Kasper S, Frey R. Global decrease of serotonin-1A receptor binding after electroconvulsive therapy in major depression measured by PET. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:93-100. [PMID: 22751491 PMCID: PMC3526726 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a potent therapy in severe treatment-refractory depression. Although commonly applied in psychiatric clinical routine since decades, the exact neurobiological mechanism regarding its efficacy remains unclear. Results from preclinical and clinical studies emphasize a crucial involvement of the serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT(1A)) in the mode of action of antidepressant treatment. This includes associations between treatment response and changes in 5-HT(1A) function and density by antidepressants. Further, alterations of the 5-HT(1A) receptor are consistently reported in depression. To elucidate the effect of ECT on 5-HT(1A) receptor binding, 12 subjects with severe treatment-resistant major depression underwent three positron emission tomography (PET) measurements using the highly selective radioligand [carbonyl-(11)C]WAY100635, twice before (test-retest variability) and once after 10.08±2.35 ECT sessions. Ten patients (~83%) were responders to ECT. The voxel-wise comparison of the 5-HT(1A) receptor binding (BP(ND)) before and after ECT revealed a widespread reduction in cortical and subcortical regions (P<0.05 corrected), except for the occipital cortex and the cerebellum. Strongest reductions were found in regions consistently reported to be altered in major depression and involved in emotion regulation, such as the subgenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex (-27.5%), the orbitofrontal cortex (-30.1%), the amygdala (-31.8%), the hippocampus (-30.6%) and the insula (-28.9%). No significant change was found in the raphe nuclei. There was no significant difference in receptor binding in any region comparing the first two PET scans conducted before ECT. This PET study proposes a global involvement of the postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptor binding in the effect of ECT.
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Kasper S, Iglesias-García C, Schweizer E, Wilson J, Dubrava S, Prieto R, Pitman V, Knapp L. 1018 – Long-term efficacy and safety study of pregabalin in subjects with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kasper S, Iglesias-García C, Schweizer E, Wilson J, Dubrava S, Prieto R, Pitman V, Knapp L. 1019 – Safety of discontinuation of pregabalin after long-term treatment in subjects with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Christoph DC, Kasper S, Gauler TC, Loesch C, Engelhard M, Theegarten D, Poettgen C, Hepp R, Peglow A, Loewendick H, Welter S, Stamatis G, Hirsch FR, Schuler M, Eberhardt WEE, Wohlschlaeger J. βV-tubulin expression is associated with outcome following taxane-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:823-30. [PMID: 22836512 PMCID: PMC3425975 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tubulin-binding agents (TBAs) are effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Both βIII- and βV-tubulins are expressed by cancer cells and may lead to resistance against TBAs. Methods: Pre-treatment samples from 65 locally advanced or oligometastatic NSCLC patients, who underwent uniform induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel and platinum followed by radiochemotherapy with vinorelbine and platinum were retrospectively analysed by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of βIII- and βV-tubulin was morphometrically quantified. Results: Median pre-treatment H-score for βIII-tubulin was 110 (range: 0–290), and 160 for βV-tubulin (range: 0–290). Low βIII-tubulin expression was associated with improved overall survival (OS) (P=0.0127, hazard ratio (HR): 0.328). An association between high βV-tubulin expression and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS, median 19.2 vs 9.4 months in high vs low expressors; P=0.0315, HR: 1.899) was found. Further, high βV-tubulin expression was associated with objective response (median H-score 172.5 for CR+PR vs 120 for SD+PD patients, P=0.0104) or disease control following induction chemotherapy (170 for CR+PR+SD vs 100 for PD patients, P=0.0081), but not radiochemotherapy. Conclusion: Expression of βV-tubulin was associated with treatment response and PFS following paclitaxel-based chemotherapy of locally advanced and oligometastatic NSCLC patients. Prolonged OS was associated with low levels of βIII-tubulin. Prospective evaluation of βIII/βV-tubulin expression in NSCLC is warranted.
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Schosser A, Calati R, Serretti A, Massat I, Kocabas NA, Papageorgiou K, Linotte S, Mendlewicz J, Souery D, Zohar J, Juven-Wetzler A, Montgomery S, Kasper S. The impact of COMT gene polymorphisms on suicidality in treatment resistant major depressive disorder--a European multicenter study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22:259-66. [PMID: 21940152 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Many association studies have reported associations between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and psychiatric disorders including major depression (MDD). The COMT gene has further been associated with suicidal behaviour, as well as with treatment response, although with conflicting results. In the present study, we further elucidate the impact of COMT in treatment response in MDD patients with suicide risk and/or a personal history of suicide attempts. Two hundred fifty MDD patients were collected in the context of a European multicentre resistant depression study and treated with antidepressants at adequate doses for at least 4 weeks. Suicidality was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Treatment response was defined as HAM-D ≤ 17 and remission as HAM-D ≤ 7 after 4 weeks of treatment with antidepressants at adequate dose. Genotyping was performed for seven SNPs (rs4680, rs2075507, rs737865, rs6269, rs4633, rs4818 and rs165599) within the COMT gene. With regard to suicide risk and personal history of suicide attempts, neither single marker nor haplotypic association was found with any SNP after multiple testing correction. In non-responders, we found significant single marker and haplotypic association with suicide risk, but not in responders. The same holds true for both remitters and non-remitters, and when testing for association with a personal history of suicide attempts and treatment response phenotypes. In conclusion, we found significant association of COMT SNPs with suicide risk in MDD patients not responding to antidepressant treatment. Larger well-defined cohorts will be required to dissect this further.
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Breitenbücher F, Hoffarth S, Gauler T, Kasper S, Stergar SL, Köhler J, Worm K, Märten A, Schmid KW, Schuler M. Etablierung einer hochsensitiven Detektionsmethode für Mutationen des Epidermal growth factor Rezeptors (EGFR) in zirkulierenden Tumorzellen von Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) unter Behandlung mit Cisplatin/Pemetrexed oder Afatinib. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kasper S. SOA03-01 - Understanding and treating depression. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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