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Bowns IR, Newton P, Long S, Walters S, Rector A, Conway JV. Testing headings for communicating the personal health record: comparison from the recipients’ perspective. Health Informatics J 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/146045829900500402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the spring of 1998, 16 general practitioners and 16 community psychiatric nurses participated in a study to test a draft set of headings for communicating clinical summaries. Eight anonymized psychiatric discharge summaries were used to assess the impact of the presentational format on the time taken by professionals to read the summaries and to answer a series of standard questions about each of them. Respondents also completed a questionnaire on their opinions of the headings. There was considerable variation between individuals in the times taken to read the summaries and answer the questions, but no evidence that any of the formats was associated with decreased reading time or with improvement in retrieving information. Most respondents preferred information structured using the headings rather than the original semi-structured discharge summaries, and information on paper rather than on computer screen. Respondents were guardedly supportive of the particular draft headings presented. A weak preference was expressed for locally defined headings, with some recognition of advantages in widely agreed headings. There was a view that there were too many headings, and there was overlap between specific heading pairs (for example, ‘aim’ and ‘goal’). Concerns were expressed about specific headings, particularly the ‘softer’ headings, such as ‘informing’ and ‘communicating’.
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Viator RJ, Khader H, Hingorani N, Long S, Solodushko V, Fouty B. Hypoxia-induced increases in glucose uptake do not cause oxidative injury or advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation in vascular endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/7/e12460. [PMID: 26177960 PMCID: PMC4552536 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in glucose uptake by endothelial cells exposed to hyperglycemia is the presumed initiating event that causes systemic vascular disease in individuals with diabetes. Diabetics do not develop clinically significant pulmonary vascular disease, however, despite the pulmonary circulation’s exposure to the same level of glucose. We hypothesized that pulmonary artery endothelial cells are protected from the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia because they take up less glucose than endothelial cells in the systemic circulation, either because of intrinsic differences between the two cell types or because the lower oxygen tension in the pulmonary arterial blood depresses glucose uptake. To test this hypothesis, we exposed normoglycemic and hyperglycemic bovine pulmonary artery (PAECs) and aortic endothelial cells (AECs) from the same animal to progressively lower oxygen tensions and determined glucose uptake. In contrast with our initial hypothesis, we detected no significant difference in glucose uptake between the two cell types. Furthermore, glucose uptake in both PAECs and AECs increased, not decreased, as the oxygen tension dropped; this oxygen-dependent increase in glucose uptake in endothelial cells predominated over the hyperglycemia-mediated decrease in glucose uptake that has been reported by others. Despite the increase in glucose uptake at lower oxygen tensions, we detected no corresponding increase in protein carbonylation or advanced glycation endproducts. These results demonstrate that small physiologically relevant changes in oxygen tension can have an important impact on glucose uptake in endothelial cells. These results also demonstrate that an increase in glucose uptake, by itself, is not sufficient to generate ROS-mediated protein carbonylation or increase intracellular advanced glycation endproducts in vascular endothelial cells.
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Long S, Shang C, Evans G, Leventouri T. SU-E-T-797: Variations of Cardiac Dose at Different Respiratory Status in CyberKnife M6â„¢ Treatment Plans for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI). Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Haftbaradaran A, Zaya M, Mehta PK, Shufelt C, Lentz G, Dhawan S, Petersen J, Handberg E, Johnson BD, Pepine CJ, Leach D, Long S, Merz CNB. Five-year stroke rate in women with signs and symptoms of ischemia undergoing coronary angiography: a retrospective study from the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). JRSM Open 2015; 6:2054270415577761. [PMID: 25893110 PMCID: PMC4372570 DOI: 10.1177/2054270415577761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Hyvarinen M, Pella S, Leventouri T, Casey C, Dumitru N, Herrera R, Long S. SU-E-T-636: Investigation of Dose Variation in High Dose Radiation Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Freestone D, Cook M, Long S. O27: Measuring neural excitability using deep brain electrical stimulation and sensing. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang F, Liu X, Yang P, Guo L, Liu C, Li H, Long S, Shen Y, Wan H. Loss of TACSTD2 contributed to squamous cell carcinoma progression through attenuating TAp63-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1133. [PMID: 24651436 PMCID: PMC3973208 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), a calcium signal transducer, is universally expressed in stratified squamous epithelia of many organs, including skin, esophagus and cervix. Although TACSTD2, was reported to be overexpressed in many epithelial tumors, which has increased interest in using it as a molecular target for cancer therapy, the role of TACSTD2 in carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is largely unclear and controversial. To explore the role of TACSTD2, temporal-spatial expression of TACSTD2 was analyzed in both normal and SCC tissues. Our data demonstrate that Tacstd2 expression and membrane localization are tightly associated with stratified epithelial homeostasis, while loss of TACSTD2 was identified in poorly differentiated SCC tissues collected from cervix, esophagus, head and neck. Gradual loss of TACSTD2 was correlated with stepwise progression of SCC. Consistent with these in vivo observations, our data show that inhibition of Tacstd2 expression significantly inhibited chemotherapeutic reagent-induced apoptosis, and TACSTD2 regulated apoptotic gene expression through P63 containing the transactivation domain (TAp63). These findings indicated that loss of TACSTD2 could promote SCC progression and treatment resistance through attenuating chemotherapeutic reagent-induced apoptosis through TAp63, and TACSTD2 could be used as a marker for pathological grading of SCC.
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Long S, Frey S, Freestone DR, LeChevoir M, Stypulkowski P, Giftakis J, Cook M. Placement of deep brain electrodes in the dog using the Brainsight frameless stereotactic system: a pilot feasibility study. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 28:189-97. [PMID: 24237394 PMCID: PMC4895539 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) together with concurrent EEG recording has shown promise in the treatment of epilepsy. A novel device is capable of combining these 2 functions and may prove valuable in the treatment of epilepsy in dogs. However, stereotactic implantation of electrodes in dogs has not yet been evaluated. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of implanting stimulating and recording electrodes in the brain of normal dogs using the Brainsight system and to evaluate the function of a novel DBS and recording device. Animals Four male intact Greyhounds, confirmed to be normal by clinical and neurologic examinations and hematology and biochemistry testing. Methods MRI imaging of the brain was performed after attachment of fiducial markers. MRI scans were used to calculate trajectories for electrode placement in the thalamus and hippocampus, which was performed via burr hole craniotomy. Postoperative CT scanning was performed to evaluate electrode location and accuracy of placement was calculated. Serial neurologic examinations were performed to evaluate neurologic deficits and EEG recordings obtained to evaluate the effects of stimulation. Results Electrodes were successfully placed in 3 of 4 dogs with a mean accuracy of 4.6 ± 1.5 mm. EEG recordings showed evoked potentials in response to stimulation with a circadian variation in time‐to‐maximal amplitude. No neurologic deficits were seen in any dog. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Stereotactic placement of electrodes is safe and feasible in the dog. The development of a novel device capable of providing simultaneous neurostimulation and EEG recording potentially represents a major advance in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Wang J, Yu J, Jing S, Cheng Y, Liu Q, Wang Y, Cao F, Shang K, Jiao W, Long S. Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Clinicopathological Significance: A Meta-Analysis of 1118 Cases With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meyer A, Getz H, Snider S, Sullivan K, Long S, Turner R, Friedman R. Remediation and Prophylaxis of Anomia in Primary Progressive Aphasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 94:275-276. [PMID: 25101147 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang J, Cao F, Jing S, Wang Y, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Shang K, Jiao W, Long S. Prognostic Analysis in 182 Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma Patients With Atypical Hyperplasia in Esophageal Stump and Esophageal Stump Cancer After Esophagectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Roberts HC, Pilgrim AL, Robison J, Elia M, Jackson AA, Cooper C, Sayer AA, Robinson SM, Long S, Brice S, Dar A, Ames D, Vincent C, White S, Maini S, Perks P, MacMahon M. Health services research. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Long S, Fenton D, Cremin M, Morgan A. The effectiveness of radon preventive and remedial measures in Irish homes. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2013; 33:141-149. [PMID: 23295191 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/33/1/141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 100 000 Irish homes have radon concentrations above the reference level of 200 Bq m(-3). To minimise the number of new homes with this problem, building regulations require that all new homes built since July 1998 in high radon areas are installed with radon barriers during construction. Measurements on local authority homes in a number of high radon areas have allowed the impact of these new regulations to be assessed. In County Cork a reduction of up to 70% in the mean radon concentration was observed in homes built since 1998 relative to those built before this date. A reduction in both the number of homes exceeding the reference level and the maximum concentration measured in homes was also measured. Homes exceeding the reference level were remediated with the use of an active sump. The results of this remedial work are also presented and show that the mean reduction in radon concentration achieved was 92%.
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Zhang ML, Cao Z, He JL, Xue L, Zhou Y, Long S, Deng T, Zhang L. A simple gold plate electrode modified with Gd-doped TiO2nanoparticles used for determination of trace nitrite in cured food. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1938-46. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.715762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Biondi S, Long S, Panunzio M, Qin WL. Current trends in β-lactam based β-lactamases inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:4223-36. [PMID: 21838683 DOI: 10.2174/092986711797189655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections either by killing or blocking their growth has been accompanied by the development of resistance mechanism that allows the bacteria to survive and proliferate. In particular the successive series of β-lactams have selected several generations of β-lactamases including ESBLs, AmpC β-lactamases, KPC carbapenamases in Enterobacteriaceae, the metallo β-lactamases VIMs and IMPs, and very recently the threatening NDM-1 that confers resistance to virtually any clinically used antibiotic. The increasing use of carbapenems due to the spread of resistance to other existing antibacterial agents has facilitated the spread of resistance, especially in Acinetobacter spp. due to OXA- and metallo-carbapenemases. The pharmaceutical industry, that abandoned this field at the end of the nineties, is now trying to recover by developing some novel β-lactam antibiotics and novel β-lactamase-inhibitors, the latter to be used in combination with new as well as seasoned β-lactam antibiotics. This article provides a survey of patent and scientific literature for β-lactamase inhibitors discovered in the period 2006-2010.
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Cournane S, Vintró LL, Mitchell PI, McMahon CA, Smith K, Long S. Modelling temporal trends of 137Cs and 99Tc concentrations in Fucus vesiculosus from the eastern Irish coastline. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:2337-44. [PMID: 21930288 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Time series of 137Cs and 99Tc activity concentrations in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and seawater, gathered at three locations on the eastern Irish coastline during the period 1988-2008, have been modelled using a novel approach incorporating a variable uptake rate in the seaweed. Seasonal variations in the time series, identified using spectral analysis, were incorporated into the model which was used to determine transfer kinetic parameters and to predict 137Cs and 99Tc concentrations in seaweed, as influenced by levels in ambient seawater. An optimisation method combining evolutionary and grid search minimisation techniques was adopted to determine the best values for the model parameters, from which concentration factors (CF) and biological half-lives (tb1/2) for 137Cs and 99Tc in F. vesiculosus were calculated. CF values of 170-179 and 1.1×105 l kg(-1) (dry weight) were obtained for 137Cs and 99Tc, respectively, while the corresponding tb1/2 values were 39-47 and 32 days, respectively.
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Chen G, Long X, Meng Q, Long S. Poster 59: Animal Model Study of Condylar Hyperplasia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Long S, Fenton D. An overview of Ireland's National Radon Policy. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 145:96-100. [PMID: 21459876 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In Ireland radon is a significant public health issue and is linked to 150-200 lung cancer deaths each year. Irish National Radon Policy aims to reduce individual risk by identifying and remediating buildings with high radon concentrations and also to reduce collective dose through radon prevention as required by revised building regulations. Achievements to date are significant and include the completion of the National Radon Survey, the testing of every school in Ireland, the on-going testing of social housing, collaboration between the public health and radiation protection authorities and the inclusion of radon in inspections of workplaces. However, this work now needs to be drawn together centrally to comprehensively address the radon problem. The RPII and the relevant central governing department, the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government are currently working to constitute a group of key experts from relevant public authorities to drive the development of a National Radon Control Strategy.
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Long S, Arora S, Moorthy K, Sevdalis N, Vincent C. Qualities and attributes of a safe practitioner: identification of safety skills in healthcare. BMJ Qual Saf 2011; 20:483-90. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs.2010.043166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Drewry DT, Kumar P, Long S, Bernacchi C, Liang XZ, Sivapalan M. Ecohydrological responses of dense canopies to environmental variability: 1. Interplay between vertical structure and photosynthetic pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Drewry DT, Kumar P, Long S, Bernacchi C, Liang XZ, Sivapalan M. Ecohydrological responses of dense canopies to environmental variability: 2. Role of acclimation under elevated CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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72
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Reysenbach AL, Ravenscroft N, Long S, Jones DT, Woods DR. Characterization, Biosynthesis, and Regulation of Granulose in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 52:185-90. [PMID: 16347108 PMCID: PMC203438 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.1.185-190.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of granulose was investigated in 15 solvent-producing Clostridium strains. Only one of the strains did not produce granulose. The structure of granulose in Clostridium acetobutylicum P262 consisted of a high-molecular-weight polyglucan containing only (1-->4) linked d-glucopyranose units. Biosynthesis of granulose in C. acetobutylicum P262 was dependent on ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, and granulose synthase and mutants defective in granulose accumulation lacked either one or both enzyme activities. Granulose-positive revertants exhibited both enzyme activities. ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and granulose synthase were not subject to allosteric control by metabolites. Granulose accumulation and the biosynthetic enzyme activities were initiated immediately before the pH breakpoint and were detected in cells only at the end of the exponential growth phase. Granulose accumulation did not occur under conditions of nitrogen limitation, excess carbon, or excess energy.
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Renwick MG, Argyle DJ, Long S, Nixon C, Gault EA, Nasir L. Telomerase activity and telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit expression in canine lymphoma: correlation with Ki67 immunoreactivity. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 4:141-50. [PMID: 19754811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2006.00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased telomerase activity (TA) has been found in human and canine solid tumours, stem cells and somatic tissues with enhanced proliferative potential. The relationship between TA in normal and malignant lymphoid tissues remains unclear. The TA and the expression of canine telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (dogTERT) messenger RNA (mRNA) were analyzed in malignant lymph nodes from 30 dogs with lymphoma, from two dogs with non-neoplastic illness and from two clinically normal dogs, demonstrating a statistically significant difference between TA in lymphoma lymph nodes (n = 30) and normal nodes (n = 4) but no significant difference in dogTERT mRNA expression. In addition, the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (TERT) protein and Ki67 was analyzed in malignant lymph nodes from 10 dogs with lymphoma and from two clinically normal dogs by immunohistochemistry. TERT expression was associated with Ki67 in all lymphoma nodes (n = 10), and differences were illustrated between TERT and Ki67 expression between lymphoma (n = 10) and non-lymphoma (n = 2) nodes. This data support further investigation of telomerase in canine haematopoietic neoplasia through large-scale prospective studies.
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Bamford D, Griffiths H, Long S, Kernohan G. Analysis of consumer satisfaction in cerebral palsy care. J Interprof Care 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/13561829709014910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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75
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Foley KM, Wang PF, Long S, Barber B, Bagalman E, Zhao Z. Trends in chemotherapy and biologic treatment of U.S. metastatic colorectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6553 Background: Several long-standing chemotherapy regimens are available to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) including: oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (FOLFOX); and Irinotecan plus 5-FU and leucovorin (FOLFIRI). More recently, new biologic therapies were approved for use in mCRC. This cohort study examines trends in first-line chemotherapy treatments for newly diagnosed mCRC patients after the introduction of capecitabine (CAP) in 2001 and the biologic therapies in 2004. Methods: Using a large, US-based administrative medical claims database of a national commercially insured population, patients with newly diagnosed mCRC were identified from 2001 to 2005. At least 6-months of patient history prior to mCRC diagnosis were required to confirm patients were newly diagnosed. Patients were followed from initial mCRC diagnosis to death, disenrollment, or 12/31/2006. Results: Total of 3,781 newly diagnosed mCRC patients were identified between 2001–2005. On average over the 5 years, 58% of patients (with annual variation ± 4% points) received chemotherapy/biologic treatment in the year following their mCRC diagnosis; mean days to initiation of chemotherapy treatment decreased from 135 to 62 between 2001–2005. In 2001, FOLFIRI (40%), 5-FU (30%), and CAP (20%) were the most prevalent first-line treatments. In 2005, first-line treatment regimens were more diverse: FOLFOX plus bevacizumab (35%), FOLFOX alone (15%), 5-FU (15%), and CAP (15%) were the most prevalent, while 33% of patients used other treatment combinations. Among mCRC patients diagnosed in 2005, 63% were treated with at least one biologic therapy in the first year after diagnosis (57% received bevacizumab; 26% received cetuximab). Conclusions: While rates of chemotherapy use remained relatively constant between 2001–2005, patients initiated chemotherapy treatment sooner after their initial diagnosis and the standard course of therapy shifted from being FOLFIRI-based to FOLFOX-based. A rapid uptake in biologic therapies occurred. The majority of newly diagnosed mCRC patients were users of biologic therapy within one year following their introduction. [Table: see text]
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