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Cloak R, Nevill AM, Clarke F, Day S, Wyon MA. Vibration training improves balance in unstable ankles. Int J Sports Med 2010; 31:894-900. [PMID: 21072738 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1265151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional ankle instability (FAI) is a common condition following ankle injury characterised by increased risk of injury. Ankle sprains are a common acute form of injury suffered in dancing and loss of balance can affect not only risk of injury risk but also performance aesthetics. Whole body vibration training (WBVT) is a new rehabilitation method that has been linked with improving balance and muscle function. 38 female dancers with self reported unilateral FAI were randomly assigned in 2 groups: WBVT and control. Absolute centre of mass (COM) distribution during single leg stance, SEBT normalised research distances and Peroneus longus mean power frequency (f(med)) where measured pre and post 6-week intervention. There was a significant improvement in COM distribution over the 6 weeks from 1.05 ± 0.57 to 0.33 ± 0.42 cm² (P<0.05), and 4 of the 8 planes of direction in the SEBT Ant, Antlat, Med and Antmed from 77.5 ± 7.1 to 84.1 ± 5.8% (P<0.05) compared to control groups during the course of the 6 week training intervention. There was no evidence of improvement in peroneus longus (f(med)) over time (P=0.915) in either group. WBVT improved static balance and SEBT scores amongst dancers exhibiting ankle instability but did not affect peroneus longus muscle fatigue.
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Day S, Grossman DS, Mruthyunjaya P, Sloan FA, Lee PP. One-year outcomes after retinal detachment surgery among medicare beneficiaries. Am J Ophthalmol 2010; 150:338-45. [PMID: 20591398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine longitudinal rates of second retinal detachment operation and postoperative adverse outcomes after retinal detachment surgery in a nationally representative sample of older Americans. DESIGN Retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis. METHODS A total of 9216 Medicare beneficiaries were identified from the Medicare 5% sample who were diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), scleral buckle, pneumatic retinopexy, or laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy alone. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, PPV, scleral buckle, pneumatic retinopexy, or laser photocoagulation/cryotherapy was ascertained from International Classification of Diseases and Current Procedural Terminology procedure codes. Rates of second retinal detachment operation and postoperative adverse outcomes were analyzed by cumulative incidence and logistic regression to control for prior adverse outcome measures and demographic factors. RESULTS At 1-year follow-up, the rate of receipt of a second retinal detachment operation for beneficiaries who had undergone primary pneumatic retinopexy was much higher (40.6%, P < .0001) relative to the scleral buckle (19.2%) group. After controlling for demographic variables and ocular comorbidities, pneumatic retinopexy individuals were nearly 3 times more likely to receive a second retinal detachment surgery than scleral buckle individuals. No significant differences exist in risk of second retinal detachment surgery for the PPV compared to the scleral buckle group. Individuals receiving PPV were 2 times more likely to suffer adverse outcomes than were those undergoing scleral buckle. Results were robust in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS Rates of second operation were much higher after pneumatic retinopexy than PPV or scleral buckle, and rates of adverse outcomes were higher in PPV, even after controlling for risk factors and demographic variables.
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Evans T, Lindsay CR, Chan E, Tait B, Michael SA, Day S, Stephens AW, Franke A, Poondru S, Puzanov I. Phase I dose-escalation study of continuous oral dosing of OSI-906, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR), in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Day S, Gedela K. Are post-treatment follow-up visits at 1 and 2 months necessary in patients treated for early syphilis? Sex Transm Infect 2009; 85:561-2. [PMID: 19933405 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2009.038240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Davies J, Day S, Milne A, Roy A, Simpson S. Haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn caused by auto anti-LW. Transfus Med 2009; 19:218-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2009.00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Day S, Menke AM, Abbott RL. Retinopathy of prematurity malpractice claims: the Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance Company experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 127:794-8. [PMID: 19506200 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the causes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) malpractice claims filed with the Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance Company. METHODS All closed ROP malpractice claims were reviewed. RESULTS Eight cases involved failure of transfer of care on patient discharge from the hospital, 3 cases demonstrated inappropriately long periods between follow-up examinations, 1 case was due to failure of outpatient referral from screening to the treating ophthalmologist, and 1 case concerned unsupervised resident provision of ROP care. CONCLUSIONS Many preventable factors can be addressed to improve ROP care. It is essential to ensure that ophthalmologists, neonatologists, pediatricians, and families are updated on current guidelines for ROP screening and treatment and to facilitate follow-up appointments before patient discharge from the hospital. Doing so can help avoid future malpractice claims and patient harm.
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Day S. Threadworm: an infrequent clinical finding in a genitourinary medicine clinic attendee presenting with ano-genital irritation. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:362-3. [PMID: 19386978 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.008507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 24-year-old lady presented to an evening genitourinary (GU) clinic with a short history of vulval and anal irritation. On perianal examination, several threadworms were visible. Symptoms resolved with oral mebendazole and strict personal and environmental hygiene. Threadworm is a common and easily treatable cause of pruritis ani, yet is underreported in GU literature. If the history is suggestive, consider performing the diagnostic cellophane test and/or prescribing empirical treatment.
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Day S, Lalitha P, Haug S, Fothergill AW, Cevallos V, Vijayakumar R, Prajna NV, Acharya NR, McLeod SD, Lietman TM. Activity of antibiotics against Fusarium and Aspergillus. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 93:116-9. [PMID: 18952649 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.142364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To study the susceptibility of Fusarium and Aspergillus isolated from keratitis to amoxicillin, cefazolin, chloramphenicol, moxifloxacin, tobramycin and benzalkonium chloride (BAK). METHODS 10 isolates of Fusarium and 10 isolates of Aspergillus from cases of fungal keratitis at Aravind Eye Hospital in South India were tested using microbroth dilution for susceptibility to amoxicillin, cefazolin, chloramphenicol, moxifloxacin, tobramycin and BAK. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) median and 90th percentile were determined. RESULTS BAK had the lowest MIC for both Fusarium and Aspergillus. Chloramphenicol had activity against both Fusarium and Aspergillus, while moxifloxacin and tobramycin had activity against Fusarium but not Aspergillus. CONCLUSIONS The susceptibility of Fusarium to tobramycin, moxifloxacin, chloramphenicol and BAK and of Aspergillus to chloramphenicol and BAK may explain anecdotal reports of fungal ulcers that improved with antibiotic treatment alone. While some of the MICs of antibiotics and BAK are lower than the typically prescribed concentrations, they are not in the range of antifungal agents such as voriconazole, natamycin and amphotericin B. Antibiotics may, however, have a modest effect on Fusarium and Aspergillus when used as initial treatment prior to identification of the pathological organism.
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Coates E, Day S, Provost JR, Rigg B. Publications Sponsored by the Colour Measurement Committee-IX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1972.tb03078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Coates E, Day S, Provost JR, Rigg B. Publications Sponsored by the Colour Measurement Committee-VIII. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1972.tb03062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rofagha S, Day S, Winn BJ, Ou JI, Bhisitkul RB, Chiu CS. Spontaneous resolution of a traumatic cataract caused by an intralenticular foreign body. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008; 34:1033-5. [PMID: 18499015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 49-year-old man presented with an intralenticular metal foreign body incurred while he was sawing wood. The metal chard had violated the lens capsule and was lodged in the cortex of the lens. It was removed using a lens-preservation technique during open-globe repair. Subsequently, a dense posterior cortical cataract developed, which spontaneously resolved over the ensuing months. The cataract had a cruciate configuration with wave-like disruption of the stromal lamellae. To our knowledge, this is the first case of spontaneous resolution of a cataract after capsule violation by an intralenticular foreign body. The unique appearance of the cataract and its unusual resolution led to a new theory of lens injury by shockwave.
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Simon SR, Bui A, Day S, Berti D, Volkan K. The relationship between second-year medical students' OSCE scores and USMLE Step 2 scores. J Eval Clin Pract 2007; 13:901-5. [PMID: 18070260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES A valid tool to measure clinical competency early in medical school could identify students who may require special educational attention. The overall aim is to assess the relationship between students' scores on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) given in the second year of medical school and their subsequent performance on Step 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE Step 2). METHODS Participants were 390 second-year medical students participating in a required OSCE; complete data (Medical College Admission Test, OSCE, USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 scores) were available for 340 students (87%). Univariate correlations and linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Total OSCE score was moderately correlated with USMLE Step 2 score (r = 0.395, P < 0.001), as were two skills subscores of the OSCE, differential diagnosis (r = 0.343, P < 0.001) and identification of abnormality (r = 0.322, P < 0.001). In linear regression analysis, neither OSCE total score nor any of the subscores independently predicted Step 2 scores; only Step 1 score (beta = 0.687, P < 0.001) and female sex (beta = 0.152, P < 0.001) remained independent correlates of Step 2 score. CONCLUSION OSCEs early in medical school can be useful in the early assessment of clinical competence.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from clinical trials where the endpoint is a single survival time are readily analysed by standard methods, most commonly using a semi-parametric proportional hazards approach. However, when the outcome involves two sequential survival times, standard methods may not be applicable. METHODS We consider methods appropriate for the analysis of survival data in clinical trials where there are two distinct, sequential and opposing survival endpoints and where inferences about the second event are of particular interest. Two motivating examples of randomized clinical trials with different designs provide important illustrations of the methodology in practice. RESULTS Bivariate log-normal survival models are proposed as useful way of modeling such data. These models can be simply implemented in two stages, each of which is a univariate log-normal survival analysis. Different approaches to the analyses are described according to whether a second randomized treatment assignment is made at the time when the first event occurs and the second phase of the study commences. In the absence of a second randomization, the bivariate log-normal model adjusts for selection into the second phase of the study. CONCLUSIONS The investigation of 'treatment sequences' should, wherever possible, be handled by repeat randomization, which can then be followed by valid, unbiased analyses. However, in many clinical trial scenarios, this is simply not possible. In this case, the best approach is to consider the data as arising from an observational study, whilst controlling for all appropriate covariates. LIMITATIONS The approach we describe is appropriate for log-normally distributed data but could be generalised to handle other distributions, although the process of model fitting would be less straight-forward.
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Day S, Mears A, Bond K, Kulasegaram R. Post-exposure HIV prophylaxis following sexual exposure: a retrospective audit against recent draft BASHH guidance. Sex Transm Infect 2006; 82:236-7. [PMID: 16731676 PMCID: PMC2564746 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2005.017764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To retrospectively audit the management of post-exposure HIV prophylaxis following sexual exposure (PEPSE) against the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV 2004 draft guidance. METHODS A retrospective review of case notes from January 2000 to November 2004. The draft guidelines were not adopted into clinical practice during the study period. RESULTS 76 patients received PEPSE. 79% (95% CI 68.08 to 87.46) of PEPSE prescriptions were given for exposures that were in accordance with the guidelines' recommended indications (target 90%). 87% (95% CI 77.13 to 93.51) of PEPSE was prescribed within 72 hours of risk exposure (target 90%). 91% (95% CI 81.94 to 96.22) of recipients received a recommended antiretroviral combination. 53% (95% CI 40.84 to 64.21) of recipients completed the PEPSE course (target 75%). 45% of patients attended for the 3 month follow up HIV test but only 12% (95% CI 5.56 to 21.29) attended for both the 3 month and 6 month HIV test (target 75%). CONCLUSION PEPSE is predominantly being prescribed for recommended indications and is dispensed within 72 hours of risk exposure. PEPSE completion rates and attendance for 3 months and 6 months post-exposure HIV testing need improving, perhaps by introducing a PEPSE clinic.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sex work has been seen as both a health and a social problem. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the longer term impact on health. We explored the health and career paths over a period of 15 years among women who have worked in the sex industry. DESIGN A longitudinal study of sex workers recruited between 1986 and 1993 and followed for 15 years. Outcome data were obtained through interview, clinic records, or third parties. SETTING Clinic and community settings in London. PARTICIPANTS We obtained outcome data on 130 (37%) of the original cohort of 354 women, with a combined follow up of 1247 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Vital status, most recent occupation, duration of sex work, sexually transmitted infections (STI), major health problems. RESULTS The majority (73/124, 59%) were still in the sex industry and had sold sex for a mean of 13.6 years. There were six deaths, a mortality of 4.8 per 1000 person years. Surviving women had a high cumulative risk (110 of 118, 93%) of STI. Past gonorrhoea was associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (RR 2.28, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.66) and infertility (RR 10.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 77.3). Other outcomes included mental health problems (38 of 97, 40%) and addiction (46 of 72, 64%). There were no significant differences in health outcomes between women who were still in the sex industry and those who had stopped. There was a high level of occupational mobility, and 31 women (of 84, 37%) had completed vocational or higher education, including eight to postgraduate level. CONCLUSIONS Sex work is associated with excess mortality and morbidity including the sequelae of STI, mental health problems, and substance misuse. The relation between these health problems and sex work is complex.
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Abidoye OO, Cohen EE, Wong SJ, Kozloff MF, Nattam SR, Stenson KM, Blair EA, Day S, Dancey JE, Vokes EE. A phase II study of lapatinib (GW572016) in recurrent/metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5568 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have demonstrated reproducible activity in patients with R/M SCCHN. HER2 is the preferred dimerization partner for EGFR. Lapatinib is a dual EGFR and HER2 kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated promising preclinical activity in SCCHN models. Methods: This phase II multi-institutional study enrolls patients with R/M SCCHN into 2 cohorts: those without prior exposure to an EGFR inhibitor (arm A) and those with prior exposure to an EGFR inhibitor (arm B). All subjects were treated with lapatinib 1500mg OD. Primary endpoints were response rate (arm A) and progression-free survival (arm B). Results: 42 subjects have been enrolled (27 arm A, 15 arm B; 35 male, 7 female, median age 60 years). Toxicity was generally mild without any dose reductions or patient withdrawal due to adverse effects. Diarrhea was the most frequent toxicity occurring in 40% of patients. Other toxicities observed included fatigue (21%), rash (21%) and nausea (14%). 2 patients experienced grade 3 toxicity (1 diarrhea, 1 emesis). 1 patient had a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (60% to 40%) which was asymptomatic and recovered to baseline upon discontinuation of lapatinib. No objective responses were observed in either arm. In an intent-to-treat analysis stable disease was the best response observed in 37% of arm A and 20% of arm B subjects. Median PFS was 1.6 months in arm A and 1.7 months in arm B. Conclusions: Lapatinib as a single agent in R/M SCCHN, although well tolerated, appears to have little activity in either EGFR inhibitor naïve or refractory subjects. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Fox J, Taylor GP, Day S, Parry J, Ward H. How safe is safer sex? High levels of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in female sex workers in London. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 134:1114-9. [PMID: 16569273 PMCID: PMC2870498 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268806006133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Female sex workers in Europe have low levels of sexually transmitted infections, attributable to condom use. The aim of this paper is to describe the seroepidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in female sex workers in London by using a 15-year prospective study of 453 sex workers. The seroprevalence of HSV-1 was 74.4% and independently associated with birth in a 'transitional country' (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.61-18.20). The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 60% and declined over time; it was also independently associated with time in sex work (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.23-3.65) and birth in a 'developing country' (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.34-6.48). We show that a cohort of sex workers with extensive condom use and little known sexually transmitted infection have high levels of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection, suggesting that condoms may not be universally protective. Sex workers are candidates for HSV vaccine efficacy or intervention studies.
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Scheinfeld VL, Day S, Mattioli PM, Bodine PVN, D’Angelo M. Chondrocyte‐produced TGFβ regulates early stages of osteoblast differentiation. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a417-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bendukidze N, Day S, Street J, Hammond L, Downing J, Corbin S, Dunn PPJ, Darke C. Identification of a novel HLA-A allele (A*1115) in the UK National External Quality Assessment Schemes for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics' Educational Cell Exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 67:153-6. [PMID: 16441487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel allele, HLA-A*1115, was identified in an 'Educational Scheme' sample (ED03/03 - from a north-western European Caucasoid blood donor) distributed by the UK National External Quality Assessment Schemes for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. ED03/03 was typed by serology, the polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers and sequence-based typing. A*1115 is most similar to A*110101 with a single mismatch (G to C) at constant position 565, leading to a conservative amino acid change from valine (GTG) to leucine (CTG) at codon 165 in the alpha(2) domain. This substitution has not been reported for any other HLA class I allele so far. The HLA-A*1115-bearing haplotype was B*350101; Cw*040101; DRB1*140101; DRB3*020201; DQA1*010401; DQB1*0503; DPA1*0103/07; DPB1*030101. Extensive serological typing indicated that this allele essentially encodes a 'normal' HLA-A11 specificity.
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Dunn PPJ, Day S, Williams S, Bendukidze N. HLA-DQB1 sequencing-based typing using newly identified conserved nucleotide sequences in introns 1 and 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 66:99-106. [PMID: 16029429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing-based typing (SBT) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genes should examine entire exon sequences where polymorphisms lie. Primers for the amplification of complete exons therefore anneal in introns and their design relies on accurate intron sequences being available. We decided to develop a SBT method for HLA-DQB1 using amplification primers which anneal in introns 1 and 2, yet the amount of intron sequence data previously available in databases was sparse. Therefore, we undertook a systematic sequencing of introns 1 and 2 using DNA from cell lines homozygous for DQB1. This study confirmed an earlier report that the non-coding regions of this gene are the most polymorphic seen in the human genome. Intron sequences within an allele group were largely identical, the exceptions being DQB1*0301 differing from other DQB1*03 allele groups and DQB1*0601 differing from all other DQB1*06 alleles. A retroviral Alu element, related to the AluYa5a2 subfamily, was identified uniquely inserted in intron 2 of DQB1*02 alleles. For the typing approach, six amplification primers were designed based on conserved allele group sequences covering all of the HLA DQB antigens, and two sequencing primers were also designed which anneal in intron 2. This method has proved to be very robust and has been used as part of a referral DNA sequencing service for a number of years.
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Davey S, Carter V, Goodman R, Day S, Brown C, Morris J, Key T, Bendukidze N, Dunn PPJ. A new HLA-A Allele, HLA-A*6824, identified in three unrelated individuals*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 65:485-7. [PMID: 15853904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel allele, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*6824, has been identified in three unrelated individuals of northwestern European origin in a period of less than 4 months, implying that this allele may be quite common in this population. HLA-A*6824 differs from A*680102 by a single nucleotide change at position 275 in exon 2, which results in a conservative amino acid substitution from lysine to arginine in the peptide-binding groove at codon 68.
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Ward H, Day S, Green A, Cooper K, Weber J. Declining prevalence of STI in the London sex industry, 1985 to 2002. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80:374-6. [PMID: 15459405 PMCID: PMC1744912 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2003.009068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe major changes in the London sex industry between 1985 and 2002 and assess the implications for sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. METHOD A descriptive study comparing women who first attended a sex work clinic between 1996 and 2002 and those first attending from 1985 to 1992; a nested case-control study. 1050 female sex workers took part. The setting was a specialist clinical service for sex workers based in a London genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic, and fieldwork in west London. The main outcome measures were reported condom use and prevalent STI. RESULTS Over the period of the study there was a significant increase in the proportion of sex workers not born in the United Kingdom (from 25% to 63%, p < 0.001), and women entered sex work at an older age (median 24 years compared with 20 years, p < 0.001). Condom use increased (with the exception of oral sex). There was a significant decline in the proportion of participants reporting a previous STI (32% compared with 80%, p < 0.001) and the prevalence of acute STI declined from 25% to 8% (p < 0.001). Acute STI was associated with younger age, younger age at first sex work, being new to sex work, and inconsistent condom use. In a multivariate analysis unprotected sex with clients was the only significant risk. CONCLUSION Major restructuring of the sex industry, including the shift to a primarily migrant workforce, has been associated with a steep decline in acute STI, undermining popular assumptions that migrant sex workers are central to the ongoing STI epidemic. We attribute the decline in acute STI to an increase in safer sex.
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Day S, Lakhani D, Hankins M, Rodgers CA. Improving uptake of HIV testing in patients with a confirmed STI. Int J STD AIDS 2004; 15:626-8. [PMID: 15339373 DOI: 10.1258/0956462041724325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Up to 70% of GU clinic attendees with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and undiagnosed HIV, remain HIV undiagnosed after their visit. STIs have been shown to facilitate HIV transmission. Therefore, patients with an STI should test for HIV. Our objective was to compare the uptake of HIV testing in GU clinic attendees with an STI (study group) with those receiving a negative GU screen (control group). This re-audit was performed after introduction of the following clinic changes: nurse-performed asymptomatic GU screening; 'opt-out' HIV testing policy; discontinuing routine pre-HIV test counselling; access to HIV results by post. The uptake of HIV testing overall, and in the study and control groups respectively was 53% (n = 573), 41% (n = 285) and 65%, showing significant improvement compared to the first audit in 1999 (18%, 14% and 33% respectively) (P < 0.01). The clinic interventions increased HIV testing rates which were in keeping with National Sexual Health strategy targets.
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Townsend R, Jackson T, Ferguson C, Proffitt J, Slay M, Swaminathan J, Day S, Gerard E, O'Callaghan M, Johnson V. Establishment of Serratia entomophila after application of a new formulation for grass grub control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2004.57.6927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Serratia entomophila is a naturally occurring pathogen causing amber disease of the New Zealand grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) A novel granular formulation of S entomophila Bioshieldtrade; was applied to 18 pasture sites in a largescale programme to demonstrate efficacy against grass grub No significant difficulties were encountered in application of the granules through conventional machinery There were high populations of the applied bacteria in soil within the first week of application and within 6 weeks of application there was an average of 3 x 104 viable S entomophila of the applied strain per gram of soil This resulted in a significant (Plt;005) 20 increase in the incidence of amber disease in the treated grass grub populations compared to untreated populations Successful establishment of the bacteria in the soil and target population following Bioshieldtrade; granule application was demonstrated on a wide range of sites under various farming conditions
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