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Kageshima H, Hibino H, Tanabe S. The physics of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:314215. [PMID: 22820985 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/31/314215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Various physical properties of epitaxial graphene grown on SiC(0001) are studied. First, the electronic transport in epitaxial bilayer graphene on SiC(0001) and quasi-free-standing bilayer graphene on SiC(0001) is investigated. The dependences of the resistance and the polarity of the Hall resistance at zero gate voltage on the top-gate voltage show that the carrier types are electron and hole, respectively. The mobility evaluated at various carrier densities indicates that the quasi-free-standing bilayer graphene shows higher mobility than the epitaxial bilayer graphene when they are compared at the same carrier density. The difference in mobility is thought to come from the domain size of the graphene sheet formed. To clarify a guiding principle for controlling graphene quality, the mechanism of epitaxial graphene growth is also studied theoretically. It is found that a new graphene sheet grows from the interface between the old graphene sheets and the SiC substrate. Further studies on the energetics reveal the importance of the role of the step on the SiC surface. A first-principles calculation unequivocally shows that the C prefers to release from the step edge and to aggregate as graphene nuclei along the step edge rather than be left on the terrace. It is also shown that the edges of the existing graphene more preferentially absorb the isolated C atoms. For some annealing conditions, experiments can also provide graphene islands on SiC(0001) surfaces. The atomic structures are studied theoretically together with their growth mechanism. The proposed embedded island structures actually act as a graphene island electronically, and those with zigzag edges have a magnetoelectric effect. Finally, the thermoelectric properties of graphene are theoretically examined. The results indicate that reducing the carrier scattering suppresses the thermoelectric power and enhances the thermoelectric figure of merit. The fine control of the Fermi energy position is thought to be key for the practical use of graphene as a thermoelectric material, which could be achieved with epitaxial graphene. All of these results reveal that epitaxial graphene is physically interesting.
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Ohtaki H, Ohara K, Song D, Miyamoto K, Tsumuraya T, Yofu S, Dohi K, Tanabe S, Sasaki S, Uchida S, Matsunaga M, Shioda S. Accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in brain is accelerated by ischemia in chloride channel 3 gene-deficient mice. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:2163-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sasaki T, Tanabe S, Azuma M, Sato A, Naruke A, Ishido K, Katada C, Higuchi K, Koizumi W. Propofol sedation with bispectral index monitoring is useful for endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized prospective phase II clinical trial. Endoscopy 2012; 44:584-9. [PMID: 22638779 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become a standard treatment. However, the treatment time tends to be relatively long and insufflation and manipulation of the endoscope can increase pain and discomfort. We aimed to find an optimal method for sedation during ESD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients scheduled to undergo ESD for early gastric cancer or adenoma were randomly assigned to sedation with midazolam or propofol, and consciousness level was evaluated by bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. Primary end points of effectiveness (three parameters) and secondary end points of safety during ESD and after return to the ward were compared between the groups. Study registration was in the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN 000001497), and the institutional trial number was KDOG 0801. RESULTS From June 2008 through June 2009, we enrolled 178 patients (90 midazolam, 88 propofol). Regarding safety after ESD, recovery was significantly better in the propofol group immediately after and at 1 hour and 2 hours after return to the ward (P < 0.001). The number of patients who required a continuous supply of oxygen 2 hours after returning to the ward was significantly lower in the propofol group (midazolam 18; propofol 6; P = 0.010). Though propofol seemed to be better for effectiveness and safety, there were no statistically significant differences for all three primary end points and the safety parameters (hypotension, hypoxia, bradycardia). CONCLUSIONS Propofol with BIS monitoring improved recovery of patients after ESD, though this study was underpowered to prove the effectiveness and safety of propofol.
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Ishikawa M, Sutherland K, Tanabe S, Tooyama N, Narita Y, Minemura T, Nishio T, Tachibana H, Suzuki R, Ishikura S. PO-0829 FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ASSESSING DOSE DELIVERY QA WITH HIGH DOSE GRADIENT IRRADIATION. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tanabe S, Kubota S, Itoh N, Kimura T, Muraoka Y, Shimizu A, Kanada Y. Estimation of the kinetic-optimized stimulus intensity envelope for drop foot gait rehabilitation. J Med Eng Technol 2012; 36:210-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2012.666320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Koizumi W, Tanabe S, Nagaba S, Saigenji K, Nonaka M, Yago K. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of S-8117 (controlled-release oxycodone tablet) on opioid-naive patients with cancer-related pain. Eur J Pain 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/eujp.2001.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Egashira R, Tanabe S, Habaki H. Adsorption of heavy metals in mine wastewater by Mongolian natural zeolite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Saitsu H, Kato M, Shimono M, Senju A, Tanabe S, Kimura T, Nishiyama K, Yoneda Y, Kondo Y, Tsurusaki Y, Doi H, Miyake N, Hayasaka K, Matsumoto N. Association of genomic deletions in the STXBP1 gene with Ohtahara syndrome. Clin Genet 2011; 81:399-402. [PMID: 22211739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yokoi N, Hidaka S, Tanabe S, Ohya M, Ishima M, Takagi Y, Masui N, Seino S. Role of major histocompatibility complex class II in the development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes and thyroiditis in rats. Genes Immun 2011; 13:139-45. [PMID: 21918539 PMCID: PMC3308136 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2011.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although the MHC class II 'u' haplotype is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in rats, the role of MHC class II in the development of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases including T1D and autoimmune thyroiditis remains unclear. To clarify this, we produced a congenic strain carrying MHC class II 'a' and 'u' haplotypes on the Komeda diabetes-prone (KDP) genetic background. The u/u homozygous animals developed T1D similar to the original KDP rat; a/u heterozygous animals did develop T1D but with delayed onset and low frequency. In contrast, none of the a/a homozygous animals developed T1D; about half of the animals with a/u heterozygous or a/a homozygous genotypes showed autoimmune thyroiditis. To investigate the role of genetic background in the development of thyroiditis, we also produced a congenic strain carrying Cblb mutation of the KDP rat on the PVG.R23 genetic background (MHC class II 'a' haplotype). The congenic rats with homozygous Cblb mutation showed autoimmune thyroiditis without T1D and slight to severe alopecia, a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These data indicate that MHC class II is involved in the tissue-specific development of autoimmune diseases, including T1D and thyroiditis.
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Ando S, Sato Y, Shigemori H, Shimizu T, Okada K, Yamane H, Jikumaru Y, Kamiya Y, Yamada K, Akimoto-Tomiyama C, Tanabe S, Nishizawa Y, Minami E. Identification and characterization of 2'-deoxyuridine from the supernatant of conidial suspensions of rice blast fungus as an infection-promoting factor in rice plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2011; 24:519-532. [PMID: 21171893 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-10-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We previously detected infection-promoting activity in the supernatant of the conidial suspension (SCS) of the rice blast fungus. In the present study, a molecule carrying the activity was purified and identified as 2'-deoxyuridine (dU). The infection-promoting activity of dU was strictly dependent on its chemical structure and displayed characteristics consistent with those of the SCS. Notably, the activity of dU was exclusively detected during interactions between rice and virulent isolates of the fungus, the number of susceptible lesions in leaf blades was increased by dU, and nonhost resistance in rice plants was not affected by treatment with dU. In addition, the expression of pathogensis-related genes, accumulation of H(2)O(2), and production of phytoalexins in rice in response to inoculation with virulent fungal isolates was not suppressed by dU. The infection-promoting activity of dU was not accompanied by elevated levels of endogenous abscissic acid, which is known to modify plant-pathogen interactions, and was not detected in interactions between oat plants and a virulent oat blast fungus isolate. Taken together, these results demonstrate that dU is a novel infection-promoting factor that acts specifically during compatible interactions between rice plants and rice blast fungus in a mode distinct from that of toxins and suppressors.
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Tanabe S, Ishii-Minami N, Saitoh KI, Otake Y, Kaku H, Shibuya N, Nishizawa Y, Minami E. The role of catalase-peroxidase secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae during early infection of rice cells. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2011; 24:163-71. [PMID: 21043575 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-10-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biological role of a secretory catalase of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae was studied. The internal amino acid sequences of the partially purified catalase in the culture filtrate enabled us to identify its encoding gene as a catalase-peroxidase gene, CPXB, among four putative genes for catalase or catalase-peroxidase in M. oryzae. Knockout of the gene drastically reduced the level of catalase activity in the culture filtrate and supernatant of conidial suspension (SCS), and increased the sensitivity to exogenously added H₂O₂ compared with control strains, suggesting that CPXB is the major gene encoding the secretory catalase and confers resistance to H₂O₂ in hyphae. In the mutant, the rate of appressoria that induced accumulation of H₂O₂ in epidermal cells of the leaf sheath increased and infection at early stages was delayed; however, the formation of lesions in the leaf blade was not affected compared with the control strain. These phenotypes were complimented by reintroducing the putative coding regions of CPXB driven by a constitutive promoter. These results suggest that CPXB plays a role in fungal defense against H₂O₂ accumulated in epidermal cells of rice at the early stage of infection but not in pathogenicity of M. oryzae.
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Koizumi W, Tanabe S, Nakatani K, Ishido K, Nishimura K, Azuma M, Ae T, Sasaki T, Higuchi K, Katada C, Nakayama N, Saigenji K. Quadruple therapy with ecabet sodium, omeprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole is effective for eradication of Helicobacter pylori after failure of first-line therapy (KDOG0201 Study). J Clin Pharm Ther 2010; 35:303-7. [PMID: 20831531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECT An antiulcer agent, ecabet sodium, is active against Helicobacter pylori. The aim of the present study was to clinically examine whether eradication therapy, which includes ecabet sodium, is effective in eradication of H. pylori after failure of first-line therapy. METHODS Patients with peptic ulcer who failed with first-line triple eradication therapy containing clarithromycin received quadruple therapy with omeprazole (20 mg, twice daily), amoxicillin (750 mg, twice daily), metronidazole (500 mg, twice daily) and ecabet sodium (1000 mg, twice daily) for 14 days. Eradication of H. pylori was judged by 13C-urea breath test 8 weeks later. RESULTS Fifty-two patients (36 men and 16 women) were included. Their mean age was 51.4 years (range 28-73). One patient dropped out because of diarrhoea. The eradication rate was 98.0% (50/51) according to the per-protocol analysis and 96.2% (50/52) according to the intention-to-treat analysis. Side effects occurred in seven patients, but none were serious. CONCLUSIONS Quadruple therapy including ecabet sodium is useful as second-line eradication treatment for H. pylori.
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Ishikawa M, Yamaguchi S, Tanabe S, Bengua G, Sutherland K, Suzuki R, Miyamoto N, Nishijima K, Katoh N, Shirato H. Conceptual Design of PET-linac System for Molecular-guided Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tanabe S, Ishikawa M, Yamaguchi S, Bengua G, Sutherland K, Suzuki R, Miyamoto N, Katoh N, Onimaru R, Shirato H. Feasibility Study on Molecular-imaging Based Tracking System for Lung Cancer Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yamaguchi T, Fujiwara T, Saito K, Tanabe S, Muraoka Y, Osu R, Otaka Y, Kondo K, Kimura A, Liu M. P26-9 Effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation combined with pedaling exercise on spinal interneurons in healthy persons. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)61058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Uehara K, Higashi T, Tanabe S, Morishita T, Ninomiya M, Funase K, Sugawara K. P20-3 Excitability changes in the human primary motor cortex by Dual motor Task are dependent on task properties. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Feghali K, Tanabe S, Grenier D. Soluble CD14 induces cytokine release by human oral epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2010; 46:147-52. [PMID: 21208208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The epithelial cell barrier is the first line of host defense against bacterial aggression in periodontal sites. In view of the fact that oral epithelial cells do not express membrane CD14 and that high levels of the soluble form of the CD14 receptor have been detected in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis, we investigated the effects of recombinant soluble CD14 (rsCD14), alone and in combination with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the inflammatory response of human oral epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The oral epithelial cell line GMSM-K was stimulated with rsCD14, alone or in combination with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS, and the levels of the inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) were determined using ELISAs. Activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 was also monitored using ELISAs. RESULTS rsCD14 significantly induced the secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL5 by oral epithelial cells. The combination of rsCD14 and A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS augmented this effect. Activation of the NF-κB pathway was significantly increased in epithelial cells treated with rsCD14 compared with a nonstimulated control, whereas there was no effect on the activation of activator protein-1. CONCLUSION rsCD14 stimulated the inflammation cascade in oral epithelial cells, both alone or when associated with bacterial LPS, through an NF-κB-dependent pathway. This suggests that the presence of soluble CD14 in periodontitis lesions may contribute to the inflammatory process of periodontal disease.
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Doi T, Tanabe S, Fujita I. Computations underlying fine and coarse stereopsis. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kumano H, Tanabe S, Fujita I. Spatial frequency integration for stereo processing in macaque visual area V4. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yasuoka S, Tanabe S, Fujita I. Stereoscopic depth in anticorrelated stereograms and the sensitivity to interocular delay. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tanabe S, Fujita I. Reduced binocular disparity selectivity of V4 neurons to anti-correlated random-dot stereograms. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/3.9.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Doi T, Tanabe S, Umeda K, Fujita I. Drastic differences in binocular disparity tuning of V4 cells for random dots and solid figures: Quantitative analysis and mechanisms. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Katada C, Tanabe S, Koizumi W, Higuchi K, Sasaki T, Azuma M, Katada N, Masaki T, Nakayama M, Okamoto M, Muto M. Narrow band imaging for detecting superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopy 2010; 42:185-90. [PMID: 20195988 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Narrow band imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) is useful for the detection of superficial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) within the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and oral cavity. The risk of a second primary SCC of the head and neck is very high in patients with esophageal SCC. This prospective study evaluated the detection rate of superficial SCC within the head and neck region (superficial SCCHN) with NBI-ME in patients with esophageal SCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between March 2006 and February 2008, 112 patients with a current or previous diagnosis of esophageal SCC were enrolled. All patients underwent endoscopic screening of the head and neck by NBI-ME. The primary end point was the detection rate for superficial SCCHN. Secondary end points were to compare demographic characteristics between patients with and without superficial SCCHN and to assess the clinical course of patients with superficial SCCHN. RESULTS The detection rate for superficial SCCHN was 13 % (15/112). The prevalence of multiple Lugol-voiding lesions, observed endoscopically throughout the esophageal mucosa after application of Lugol dye solution, was significantly higher in patients with superficial SCCHN than in those without (100 % vs. 24 %, P < 0.0001). Minimally invasive curative treatment with organ preservation was feasible without severe complications in patients with superficial SCCHN after curative treatment of esophageal SCC. CONCLUSIONS In patients with esophageal SCC, NBI-ME is useful for detecting superficial SCCHN, thereby facilitating minimally invasive treatment.
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Ueno D, Isobe T, Ramu K, Tanabe S, Alaee M, Marvin C, Inoue K, Someya T, Miyajima T, Kodama H, Nakata H. Spatial distribution of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines in bivalves from Japanese coastal waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:1213-9. [PMID: 20096439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the spatial distribution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the Japanese coastal environment, hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines (OCs: PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, HCHs, HCB) were determined in bivalves (oysters and mussels) collected from Japanese coastal waters. HBCDs and PBDEs were detected in all samples analyzed. Concentration ranges of HBCDs were 12-5200 ng g(-1) lipid wt., followed by PCBs (20-3100 ng g(-1))>PBDEs (3.1-86 ng g(-1) lipid wt.). The highest concentration of HBCDs was found in the Osaka region. This result indicates that HBCDs are ubiquitous and predominant compounds in bivalves from the Japanese coastal waters. Since no species differences between oysters and mussels were observed for the bioaccumulation properties of HBCDs and PBDEs, oysters could be utilized for BFR contamination monitoring worldwide as an alternative to mussels. Global comparisons between oysters and mussels showed that HBCD concentrations in Japan are among the highest levels reported from Asia and Europe. Estimated dietary exposures of HBCDs and PBDEs through seafood were 0.45-34 ng kg body weight(-1)d(-1), and 0.054-6.8 ng kg body weight(-1)d(-1), respectively. These exposure levels were more than 1000 times lower than the lowest observable effects or no observable adverse effects levels for HBCDs and PBDEs, respectively.
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Koizumi W, Akiya T, Sato A, Yamaguchi K, Sakuyama T, Nakayama N, Tanabe S, Higuchi K, Sasaki T, Sekikawa T. Second-line Chemotherapy with Biweekly Paclitaxel after Failure of Fluoropyrimidine-based Treatment in Patients with Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer: a Report from the Gastrointestinal Oncology Group of the Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, TCOG GC-0501 Trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009; 39:713-719. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyp099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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