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Bhatnagar S, Das UM, Chandan GD, Prashanth ST, Gowda L, Shiggaon N. Foreign body ingestion in dental practice. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2011; 29:336-8. [PMID: 22016321 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.86387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract uneventfully. The majority of the reported literature describes the management of ingested blunt objects. However, ingestion of sharp objects can still occur with a higher rate of perforation corresponding to treatment dilemmas. We report a case of inadvertently ingested sharp foreign body by a special child, which was retrieved by endoscopic guided forceps. Urgent endoscopic assessment and retrieval of recently ingested sharp dental foreign body is indicated and routine use of preventive measures such as rubber dam, gauze throat screens or floss ligatures is suggested.
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Gontiya G, Bhatnagar S, Mohandas U, Galgali SR. Laser-assisted gingivectomy in pediatric patients: a novel alternative treatment. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2011; 29:264-9. [PMID: 21985887 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.85839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival enlargement is quite a common pathology in pediatric patients and may be inflammatory, noninflammatory, or a combination of both. Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis, although rare, is a slowly progressive benign enlargement that affects the marginal gingiva, attached gingival, and interdental papilla. The fibromatosis may potentially cover the exposed tooth surfaces, causing esthetic and functional problems. The treatment of gingival fibromatosis is essential because it causes difficulties with mastication, speech problems, mispositioning of teeth, esthetic effects, and psychological difficulties for the patient. Traditional gingivectomy procedures have been a challenge for dentists who confront issues of patient cooperation and discomfort. In the last decade, laser procedures in oral cavity had shown many optimum effects in both hard and soft tissue procedures. Laser soft-tissue surgery has been shown to be well accepted by children. The following case report describes a laser-assisted gingivectomy procedure performed on a 13-year-old female.
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Bhatnagar S, Rana S, Mishra S, Deo S. O109. Pulsed RFA of mandibular and maxillary nerve in orofacil pain in advanced head and neck cancer patients – A randomized clinical controlled study. Oral Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chandan GD, Annaji AG, Bhatnagar S, Mohandas U, Dave P. Cellulitis on face in a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2011; 29:46-9. [PMID: 21521918 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.79933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital afibrinogenemia is a rare coagulation disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 : 1,000,000, characterized by a complete absence to reduced level of circulating fibrinogen. This article presents a case of congenital afibrinogenemia, which presented as cellulitis on the face.
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Venkatasubramanian R, Das UM, Bhatnagar S. Comparison of the effectiveness of sterilizing endodontic files by 4 different methods: an in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2010; 28:2-5. [PMID: 20215664 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.60478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterilization is the best method to counter the threats of microorganisms. The purpose of sterilization in the field of health care is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. In dentistry, it primarily relates to processing reusable instruments to prevent cross-infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of 4 methods of sterilizing endodontic instruments: Autoclaving, carbon dioxide laser sterilization, chemical sterilization (with glutaraldehyde) and glass-bead sterilization. The endodontic file was sterilized by 4 different methods after contaminating it with bacillus stearothermophillus and then checked for sterility by incubating after putting it in test tubes containing thioglycollate medium. The study showed that the files sterilized by autoclave and lasers were completely sterile. Those sterilized by glass bead were 90% sterile and those with glutaraldehyde were 80% sterile. The study concluded that autoclave or laser could be used as a method of sterilization in clinical practice and in advanced clinics; laser can be used also as a chair side method of sterilization.
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Al Awaidy S, Bawikar S, Al Busaidy S, Baqiani S, Al Abedani I, Varghese R, Abdoan H, Al Abdoon H, Bhatnagar S, Al Hasini K, Mohan P, Shah S, Elamir E, Klena J, Ahmed S, Teleb N, Parashar U, Patel M. Considerations for Introduction of a Rotavirus Vaccine in Oman: Rotavirus Disease and Economic Burden. J Infect Dis 2009; 200 Suppl 1:S248-53. [DOI: 10.1086/605339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Gupta D, Thulkar S. Anterior Ultrasound-Guided Superior Hypogastric Plexus Neurolysis in Pelvic Cancer Pain. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008; 36:732-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0803600518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hypogastric plexus block is classically performed by a posterior approach, but there are recent reports of a computed tomography-guided anterior approach for patients who have difficult access to the hypogastric plexus by the posterior approach. We present two patients who were successfully given ultrasound-guided superior hypogastric plexus block by an anterior approach. The anterior ultrasound-guided superior hypogastric plexus neurolysis technique is simple to perform. We believe this block can be useful in cancer patients who are having difficulty in lying prone, because it is a bedside procedure performed in the supine position and it is less time-consuming. It also avoids the radiation exposure involved with a computed tomography-guided anterior approach.
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Bhatnagar S, Mishra S. Interventional pain management in cancer patients: Experience from tertiary care center of India. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.20739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Prakash A, Gupta D, Jain R, Mishra S, Bhatnagar S. Suction catheter as a low-diameter emergency airway conduit in the setting of severe tracheal stenosis. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008; 36:461-462. [PMID: 18564816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Gupta D, Mazumdar A, Singh M, Mishra S, Bhatnagar S. Pre-insertion Doppler: another benefit of ultrasound imaging during central venous access. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008; 36:457. [PMID: 18567158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Bahl A, Bhatnagar S, Rath GK, Julka PK, Thulkar S, Sharma DN. Radiofrequency ablation in liver metastasis: Authors' reply. J Cancer Res Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.43153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bahl A, Bhatnagar S, Rath GK, Julka PK, Thulkar S, Sharma DN. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastasis: Results of treatment in forty patients. J Cancer Res Ther 2008; 4:14-7. [PMID: 18417896 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.39599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Srivastva V, Dwivedi T, Chaubey Y, Bhatnagar S. Finite sample properties of beale's ratio estimator. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/03610928308828570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vining C, Iyer V, Bhatnagar S. Intracerebroventricular administration of corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists produces different effects on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal responses to novel restraint depending on the stress history of the animal. J Neuroendocrinol 2007; 19:198-207. [PMID: 17280593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) regulates acute stress-induced changes in neuroendocrine function and behaviour. However, little is known about CRH functions in animals that have prior experience with repeated stress. Repeatedly-stressed rats exhibit a habituated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to a familiar, homotypic stressor but exhibit maintained or enhanced HPA responses to a novel, heterotypic stressor. We examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of two different nonselective CRH receptor antagonists, alpha-helical CRH(9-41) (ahCRH) or D-Phe CRH(12-41) (D-PheCRH), on HPA responses to acute restraint in rats previously exposed to repeated cold stress (i.e. facilitated responses). Antagonists were administered as single i.c.v. injections prior to restraint to provide a general index of CRH function in control versus repeatedly-stressed rats. CRH receptor blockade with either ahCRH or D-PheCRH produced different effects on HPA responses to novel restraint depending on whether the animal had been previously cold stressed or not. Interestingly, some agonist-type effects were observed but only in repeatedly-stressed rats. In summary, these results indicate that manipulations of the CRH receptor have different effects on HPA activity depending on the stress history of the animal.
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Gurjar M, Bhatnagar S, Mishra S, Jain V, Singhal AK. A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome undergoing radical mastectomy under general anaesthesia and thoracic epidural analgesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007; 23:980-2. [PMID: 17018177 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021506241395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Srikanti M, Gupta D. A reply. Anaesthesia 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.04964_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaur G, Rapthap CC, Kumar S, Bhatnagar S, Bhan MK, Mehra NK. Polymorphism in L-Selectin, E-Selectin and ICAM-1 Genes in Asian Indian Pediatric Patients With Celiac Disease. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:634-8. [PMID: 16916660 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) follows an autoimmune course in which both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. A strong association with HLA class II molecules, predominantly HLA-DQ2, has been reported in most ethnic groups with CD. The aim of this study was to determine if genetic polymorphisms in L-selectin, E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) have any correlation with CD. We investigated 5 mutations, namely F206L in L-selectin, S128R and L554F in E-selectin, and G241R and K469E in ICAM-1, in 37 North Indian pediatric patients with CD. A significant increase in allele frequencies of 128R of E-selectin and the associated genotype SR was observed in patients. No significant differences were observed in the F206L polymorphism of L-selectin, or the G241R and E469K polymorphisms in the ICAM-1 gene in CD. This study illustrates that selectin gene polymorphism might contribute to the genetic background of CD and invites further investigation relevant to understanding the mechanisms underlying the immunopathogenesis of this autoimmune disease.
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Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Srikanti M, Gupta D. Clinical implication of routine bacterial culture from epidural catheter tips in postoperative cancer patients: a prospective study. Anaesthesia 2006; 61:878-82. [PMID: 16922755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study to determine the epidural tip culture pattern and its clinical implication in postoperative cancer patients. All patients scheduled to undergo various cancer surgeries requiring epidural analgesia were included. Epidural catheter tips were sent for culture on removal. Of the 466 epidural catheter tips sent for culture, 27 showed a positive culture (5.7%). The commonest organism identified was Staphylococcus aureus. There were no signs of local or epidural space infection in any of the patients. The rates of epidural catheter tip cultures in cancer patients are comparable to those in the general patients and the presence of a positive tip culture is not a predictor of epidural space infection. Hence, we recommend that even in cancer patients, routine culture of epidural catheters is not advisable, provided strict asepsis is maintained at the time of insertion, and patients are constantly monitored for early signs of epidural infection.
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Bhatnagar S, Carey-Smith R, Darrah C, Bhatnagar P, Glasgow MM. Evidence-based practice in the utilization of knee radiographs--a survey of all members of the British Orthopaedic Association. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2006; 30:409-11. [PMID: 16642345 PMCID: PMC3172767 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-006-0099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been a debate amongst orthopaedic surgeons about which plain radiographs are required in common knee conditions and this is a 5-year review assessing the influence of recent publications on the use of radiographs. A postal survey of all members of the British Orthopaedic Association was performed. The response rate was 60% (990/1,650). There was a broad agreement on the use of anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. The use of the posteroanterior (PA) weight-bearing radiograph has increased from 82 to 86%. The use of skyline view for suspected arthritis and after knee replacement has increased from 23 to 41%. There is still disparity amongst orthopaedic surgeons regarding the knee flexion angle for skyline and weight-bearing views. After review of the literature we recommend that a single skyline view in 30 degrees flexion is adequate and should be a standard investigation in knee disorders. We also stress the importance of weight-bearing PA radiograph in 30 degrees knee flexion for adequate assessment in all patients with suspected arthritis.
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Singhal AK, Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Singh R. Epidural morphine analgesia compared with intravenous morphine for oral cancer surgery with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006; 50:234-8. [PMID: 16430548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer surgery with reconstruction is a complex operative procedure with morbidities such as respiratory complications and post-operative pain. These morbidities may be reduced with appropriate operative and post-operative pain management. Epidural analgesia provides better pain control than intravenous opioids after major thoraco-abdominal surgical procedures. We planned to undertake a prospective study to compare the efficacy and side-effects of epidural morphine analgesia vs. intravenous morphine in patients undergoing oral cancer surgery with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction. METHODS Sixty patients undergoing a major surgical procedure for oral cancer with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction were prospectively randomized to receive either epidural morphine or intravenous morphine in the post-operative period. The intensity of pain was assessed daily using a 100-mm visual analogue scale. The post-operative side-effects, time to ambulation, time to tolerate first nasogastric feed, total length of hospital stay and global satisfaction score were recorded. RESULTS The epidural morphine group had statistically significant lower pain scores at the three evaluation times through the post-operative 48 h (P < 0.05). However, the mean visual analogue scores were always below 35 in the intravenous morphine group. Patients in the epidural morphine group ambulated and accepted nasogastric feed significantly earlier than those in the intravenous morphine group. The incidence of nausea/vomiting or pruritus, the length of hospital stay and the global satisfaction score were not statistically different between the groups. CONCLUSION This study illustrates that epidural morphine offers better pain control than intravenous morphine after oral cancer surgery with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction. Nevertheless, both methods appear to provide very good pain relief, and perhaps the extra risks inherent to epidural catheter insertion are not outweighed by the benefits in this type of surgery.
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Bhatnagar S, Vining C, Iyer V, Kinni V. Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, body temperature, body weight and food intake with repeated social stress exposure in rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2006; 18:13-24. [PMID: 16451216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
These present studies aimed to compare changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and body temperature in response to acute social defeat, to repeated social stress and to novel restraint after repeated stress, as well as to assess effects on metabolic parameters by measuring body weight gain and food and water intake. We found that social defeat produced a marked increase in both adrenocorticotrophic hormone and corticosterone compared to placement in a novel cage. Similarly, body temperature was also increased during social defeat and during 30 min of recovery from defeat. We then examined the effects of 6 days of repeated social stress and observed minimal HPA responses to repeated social stress compared to control rats. These neuroendocrine responses were contrasted by robust increases in body temperature during stress and during recovery from stress during 6 days of repeated stress. However, in response to novel restraint, repeatedly stressed rats displayed facilitated body temperature responses compared to controls, similar to our previous findings with HPA activity. Food intake was increased during the light period during which defeat took place, but later intake during the dark period was not affected. Repeated stress decreased body weight gain in the dark period but food intake was increased overall during the 6 days of repeated stress in the light period. As a result, repeated stress increased cumulative food intake during the light period in the stressed rats but these relatively small increases in food intake were unable to prevent the diminished total weight gain in repeatedly stressed rats. Overall, the results demonstrate that, although acute social defeat has similar effects on temperature and HPA activity, repeated exposure to social stress has divergent effects on HPA activity compared to body temperature and that dampened weight gain produced by repeated social stress cannot be fully explained by changes in food intake.
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Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Jha RR, Singhal AK. Airway management of patients undergoing oral cancer surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005; 22:510-4. [PMID: 16045139 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021505000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aims to describe the airway management and benefits of nasotracheal intubation over tracheostomy in 260 patients with oral cancer undergoing surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS The medical records of 260 patients undergoing surgery for oral cancer were reviewed for airway management during the perioperative period. Eighteen patients had previous surgery for oral cancer and were scheduled for flap reconstruction, recurrence or other complications. In 28 cases neck movement was restricted and decreased mouth opening was found in 50% of all patients because of a large growth or fixation of tissues of head and neck, oral cavity, pharynx or larynx by tumour, or radiation fibrosis. In 53 patients intubation was undertaken under spontaneous ventilation. In 20 cases the trachea was extubated in the immediate postoperative period. In 220 cases patients were extubated next morning in the intensive care unit. In none of the cases was elective tracheostomy under local anaesthesia performed before surgery for the maintenance of the airway for anaesthesia. Elective tracheostomies were done in 17 cases. Three patients remained intubated for 24-48 h because of a high suspicion of airway obstruction following extubation due to a large pectoralis major flap. These three patients received a tracheostomy because of increased oropharyngeal and laryngeal oedema. In three cases emergency tracheostomies were performed due to upper airway obstruction after extubation and in one case prolonged elective ventilation was required due to severe chest infection. CONCLUSION Oral cancer patients have a potentially difficult airway but, if managed properly during perioperative period, morbidity and mortality can be reduced or avoided. Oral cancer patients can be managed safely without the routine use of a tracheostomy. Nasotracheal intubation is a safe alternative to tracheostomy in oral cancer patients except in some selected patients.
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Karan M, Bhatnagar S, Wangtak P, Vasisht K. PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMALARIAL STUDIES ON SWERTIA ALATA ROYLE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2005.675.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gupta R, Sharma AK, Gupta VP, Bhatnagar S, Rastogi S, Deedwania PC. Increased variance in blood pressure distribution and changing hypertension prevalence in an urban Indian population. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17:535-40. [PMID: 12874610 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine trends in age-specific blood pressure (BP) distribution and hypertension prevalence in an urban Indian population. In successive hypertension epidemiological studies (1995 and 2002), randomly selected 2212 subjects (1412 men, 797 women) in the first and 1123 subjects (550 men, 573 women) in the second study were evaluated. BP was measured using World Health Organization guidelines and hypertension diagnosed using the American Joint National Committee-VI report. Age-specific BP levels in the first and the second study were determined and compared. The mean values of systolic and diastolic BP were not significantly different in various age groups in the first and the second studies. There was an increased variance in the second study as denoted by the significant increase in standard deviations and coefficients of variation in systolic as well as diastolic BP levels at age groups > or =50 years in men and > or =40 years in women (P<0.05). The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (known or BP > or =140/> or =90 mmHg) in the first study was 29.5% (men) and 33.5% (women), and in the second study was 30.0% (men) and 30.3% (women) (P=NS). In the second as compared to the first study, there was decrease in age-adjusted prevalence of stage I hypertension (men 16.8 vs 24.9%, women 15.4 vs 27.5%), and increase in stage II hypertension (men 11.7 vs 2.8%, women 18.8 vs 3.1%), and combined stage II and III hypertension (men 13.5 vs 4.7%, women 16.7 vs 6.0%) (P<0.01). This change was associated with greater prevalence of obesity in the second study. In conclusion, increased systolic and diastolic BP dispersion over a 7-year period in this urban population is associated with unchanged hypertension prevalence, decline in stage I hypertension and upsurge in more severe grades. Increasing environmental factors, particularly obesity, appear important.
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Bhatnagar S, Khurana P. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Indian mulberry, Morus indica cv. K2: a time-phased screening strategy. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2003; 21:669-675. [PMID: 12789417 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2002] [Revised: 12/03/2002] [Accepted: 12/04/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and reproducible protocol for the production of transgenic plants was developed for Morus indica cv. K2 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The hypocotyls, cotyledon, leaf and leaf callus explants precultured for 5 days on regeneration medium were co-cultivated with a bacterial suspension at 10(9) cells/ml for 3 days in the dark. Infectivity of A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 was more than that of strains GV2260 and A281, and among the various plasmids tried, pBI121 and pBI101:Act1 transformed nearly 100% of the explants followed closely by p35SGUSINT. About 90-100% of the explants tested positive in the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical assay performed after 3 days of co-cultivation. This high level of transient expression, however, decreased to 20-25% after 15 days. Gus activity was most stable in the callus explants, which emerged as the explant of choice for transformation. The transformed explants were selected on 50-75 mg/l kanamycin for 1 month, and 25-50% of the explants developed adventitious buds. On the basis of kanamycin-resistant shoots produced from the total number of explants inoculated, the transformation efficiency was 44%. After 1 month, 40% of these shoots displayed high gus activity as assessed by the GUS fluorometric assay. On a selection-free root induction medium, 80% of the shoots developed roots and 90% of the potted plantlets acclimatized to the growth room conditions. The 3-month-old regenerates showed gus and nptII(neomycin phosphotransferase II) gene activity as assayed by the GUS fluorometric assay and nptII enzyme assay, followed by PCR polymerase chain reaction (54.5%) analysis after 6-months. Transgene integration into the nuclear genome of 1-year-old regenerates was confirmed in 10 of the 18 transformants tested by Southern analysis. The transformation efficiency as defined by the number of transgenic plants produced from the total number of explants co-cultivated was 6%.
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