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Sung JY, Jeon HG, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Kang SY, Choi YL, Kwon GY. Correlation of ERG immunohistochemistry with molecular detection of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:586-92. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AimsTMPRSS2/E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family gene fusion in prostate carcinoma (PCa) can be detected by several methods including immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ETS-related gene (ERG), the diagnostic utility of which has not been clearly defined.MethodsWe explored TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement status in 132 patients with PCa with four detection methods including fluorescence in situ hybridisation for TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) for ERG and TMPRSS-ERG fusion transcript mRNA and IHC for ERG.ResultsConcordant results were found in 126 cases for the four detection methods and the remaining six cases showed discrepancy in one method: two cases in IHC, three cases in RT-qPCR for ERG and one case in RT-qPCR for fusion transcript. In discordant cases, the majority results were determined as final fusion status. Analysis of discrepancy cases for ERG IHC showed that weak immunoreactivity for ERG should be regarded as equivocal and that even strong immunoreactivity can be false positive. The overall incidence of TMPRSS-ERG gene fusion was 24%.ConclusionsERG IHC is a useful surrogate test for the detection of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion, but it needs to be interpreted with caution and definite judgement should not be based on IHC alone. A relatively low incidence of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion was demonstrated in this Korean cohort.
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Yoo EJ, Kang SY, Shim EL, Yoon TS, Kang CJ, Choi YJ. Influence of Incorporated Pt-Fe2O3 Core-Shell Nanoparticles on the Resistive Switching Characteristics of ZnO Thin Film. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 15:8622-8626. [PMID: 26726563 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.11487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The resistance-switching characteristics of metal oxides have attracted great interest for the non-volatile memory applications such as resistive random access memory. A basic resistive random access memory device has a metal/insulator/metal structure, and its memory effect is achieved by applying voltage to change the resistance of the insulating layer. One of the promising candidates for explaining the resistance-switching mechanism is the formation and rupture of nanoscale conductive filaments. However, this model has an issue that needs to be addressed: the wide distribution of switching voltage due to randomly formed filaments. Therefore, some researchers have reported a decrease in switching voltage distribution and an increase in switching stability by incorporating nanoparticles into the insulating layer. In this study, we investigated influence of incorporated Pt-Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles on the resistive switching characteristics of ZnO thin films. Devices were fabricated on SiO2 wafers. A 100-nm-thick Cr layer was used as the bottom electrode. A 50-nm-thick ZnO layer was deposited using the sputtering method, and Pt-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were deposited on it by the dip coating method. A 50-nm-thick ZnO layer was then deposited again. A top Cr electrode (size: 100 μm x 100 μm) was deposited using a shadow mask and sputtering system. All the devices showed bipolar resistance-switching behavior that is observed in Cr/ZnO/Cr structures. However, the on/off voltage was dramatically lowered by incorporating nanoparticles into the insulating layer when compared with that of the devices without nanoparticles. In addition, the switching stability of the devices was improved upon the incorporation of nanoparticles. On the basis of these results, we can conclude that Pt-Fe2O3 nanoparticles may be used to enhance the resistance switching properties of ZnO thin films by incorporating them into the films.
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Jeon YL, Kim MH, Yang HS, Kang SY, Lee WI. Optimum initial loading dose of vancomycin for pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect 2015; 72:115-8. [PMID: 26416468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kim HJ, Park WS, Bae JY, Kang SY, Yang MH, Lee S, Lee HS, Kwak SS, Ahn MJ. Variations in the carotenoid and anthocyanin contents of Korean cultural varieties and home-processed sweet potatoes. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim MH, Kim YH, Kang SY, Lee WI. The Incidence of Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium Lung Disease in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:464-8. [PMID: 26543274 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) lung disease is increasing in prevalence. We analyzed the frequency of NTM lung disease among patients who are suspected of tuberculosis. NTM was isolated from about one-fourth of the mycobacterium culture-positive patients and about half of these had NTM lung disease. Therefore, NTM isolates should be routinely identified at the species level for adequate treatment.
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Ko I, Young Kang S, Kim KW, Hyo Lee C. Application of arsenic field test kit to stream sediment: effect of fine particles and chemical extraction. CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/095422909x419880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Moon JY, Roh DH, Yoon SY, Choi SR, Kwon SG, Choi HS, Kang SY, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Oh SB, Lee JH. σ1 receptors activate astrocytes via p38 MAPK phosphorylation leading to the development of mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5881-97. [PMID: 25158784 PMCID: PMC4290724 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal astrocytes have emerged as important mechanistic contributors to the genesis of mechanical allodynia (MA) in neuropathic pain. We recently demonstrated that the spinal sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (σ1 receptor) modulates p38 MAPK phosphorylation (p-p38), which plays a critical role in the induction of MA in neuropathic rats. However, the histological and physiological relationships among σ1, p-p38 and astrocyte activation is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated: (i) the precise location of σ1 receptors and p-p38 in spinal dorsal horn; (ii) whether the inhibition of σ1 receptors or p38 modulates chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced astrocyte activation; and (iii) whether this modulation of astrocyte activity is associated with MA development in CCI mice. KEY RESULTS The expression of σ1 receptors was significantly increased in astrocytes on day 3 following CCI surgery. Sustained intrathecal treatment with the σ1 antagonist, BD-1047, attenuated CCI-induced increase in GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes, and the treatment combined with fluorocitrate, an astrocyte metabolic inhibitor, synergistically reduced the development of MA, but not thermal hyperalgesia. The number of p-p38-ir astrocytes and neurons, but not microglia was significantly increased. Interestingly, intrathecal BD-1047 attenuated the expression of p-p38 selectively in astrocytes but not in neurons. Moreover, intrathecal treatment with a p38 inhibitor attenuated the GFAP expression, and this treatment combined with fluorocitrate synergistically blocked the induction of MA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Spinal σ1 receptors are localized in astrocytes and blockade of σ1 receptors inhibits the pathological activation of astrocytes via modulation of p-p38, which ultimately prevents the development of MA in neuropathic mice.
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Wong SS, Kim KM, Ting JC, Yu K, Fu J, Liu S, Cristescu R, Nebozhyn M, Gong L, Yue YG, Wang J, Ronghua C, Loboda A, Hardwick J, Liu X, Dai H, Jin JG, Ye XS, Kang SY, Do IG, Park JO, Sohn TS, Reinhard C, Lee J, Kim S, Aggarwal A. Genomic landscape and genetic heterogeneity in gastric adenocarcinoma revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5477. [PMID: 25407104 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. It is known to be a heterogeneous disease with several molecular and histological subtypes. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing of 49 GCs with diffuse (N=31) and intestinal (N=18) histological subtypes and identify three mutational signatures, impacting TpT, CpG and TpCp[A/T] nucleotides. The diffuse-type GCs show significantly lower clonality and smaller numbers of somatic and structural variants compared with intestinal subtype. We further divide the diffuse subtype into one with infrequent genetic changes/low clonality and another with relatively higher clonality and mutations impacting TpT dinucleotide. Notably, we discover frequent and exclusive mutations in Ephrins and SLIT/ROBO signalling pathway genes. Overall, this study delivers new insights into the mutational heterogeneity underlying distinct histologic subtypes of GC that could have important implications for future research in the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Kim S, Lee J, Hong ME, Do IG, Kang SY, Ha SY, Kim ST, Park SH, Kang WK, Choi MG, Lee JH, Sohn TS, Bae JM, Kim S, Kim DH, Kim KM. High-throughput sequencing and copy number variation detection using formalin fixed embedded tissue in metastatic gastric cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111693. [PMID: 25372287 PMCID: PMC4221102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of targeted therapy, mutation profiling of cancer is a crucial aspect of making therapeutic decisions. To characterize cancer at a molecular level, the use of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue is important. We tested the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 and nCounter Copy Number Variation Assay in 89 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric cancer samples to determine whether they are applicable in archival clinical samples for personalized targeted therapies. We validated the results with Sanger sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Frequently detected somatic mutations included TP53 (28.17%), APC (10.1%), PIK3CA (5.6%), KRAS (4.5%), SMO (3.4%), STK11 (3.4%), CDKN2A (3.4%) and SMAD4 (3.4%). Amplifications of HER2, CCNE1, MYC, KRAS and EGFR genes were observed in 8 (8.9%), 4 (4.5%), 2 (2.2%), 1 (1.1%) and 1 (1.1%) cases, respectively. In the cases with amplification, fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER2 verified gene amplification and immunohistochemistry for HER2, EGFR and CCNE1 verified the overexpression of proteins in tumor cells. In conclusion, we successfully performed semiconductor-based sequencing and nCounter copy number variation analyses in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric cancer samples. High-throughput screening in archival clinical samples enables faster, more accurate and cost-effective detection of hotspot mutations or amplification in genes.
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Lee D, Cho YH, Kang SY, Yoon N, Sung CO, Suh YL. BRAF V600E mutations are frequent in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. J Surg Oncol 2014; 111:359-64. [PMID: 25346165 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF mutation has received a great deal of attention in neuro-oncology field, recently. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and the clinical significance of BRAF(V600E) in low-grade glial tumors. METHODS An institutional cohort of 105 brain tumors (51 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs), 14 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs), 12 glioblastoma with neuronal marker expression (GBM-N), and 28 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs)) from 100 patients were investigated for the presence of BRAF(V600E) by direct sequencing. RESULTS We found frequent BRAF(V600E) in DNTs (26/51, 51%), SEGAs (6/14, 42.9%), and PXAs (14/28, 50%). In DNTs, BRAF(V600E) was more commonly detected in tumors with extra-temporal location (68.2% vs. 37.9%; P = 0.032). The diagnostic subgroups of tuberous sclerosis complex were not correlated with BRAF(V600E) in patients with SEGA (P = 0.533). One PXA case revealed a unique duplication mutation (p.Thr599dup) of codon 599. All GMB-N cases did not carry BRAF mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that BRAF(V600E) is a common genetic alteration in low-grade glial tumors with neuronal component or differentiation. High frequency of BRAF(V600E) in DNTs and SEGAs would be useful in the differential diagnosis, and also offers a potential specific treatment targeting BRAF(V600E) .
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Sung JY, Sun JM, Chang Jeong B, Il Seo S, Soo Jeon S, Moo Lee H, Yong Choi H, Young Kang S, Choi YL, Young Kwon G. FGFR3 overexpression is prognostic of adverse outcome for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:49.e23-31. [PMID: 24360661 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma. However, its clinicopathological significance has not been clearly established, especially in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to investigate the mutation and overexpression of FGFR3 in MIBC cases from radical cystectomy and to analyze the prognostic and predictive significance in the groups with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Study cohorts included 72 cases of MIBC including 42 patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. The mutation status of FGFR3 exons 7, 10, and 15 was investigated and protein expression was evaluated. The findings were analyzed for the association with relevant clinicopathological findings. RESULTS FGFR3 mutations were found in 7 patients (9.7%) and were correlated with a pattern of papillary growth, moderate histologic grade (G2 vs. G3), and moderately advanced TNM stage (II-III vs. IV). FGFR3 protein overexpression was detected in 33 cases (45.8%) but was not associated with the relevant clinicopathological parameters. In patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, FGFR3 overexpression was correlated with shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.067, 95% confidence interval: 14.8-29.6, marginal significance) and overall survival (P = 0.035), remaining as a significant independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival in multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model. In patients without adjuvant chemotherapy, FGFR3 mutation or overexpression did not have prognostic significance in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION We report the FGFR3 alterations in MIBCs, and discuss their biological implication in subsets of patients. FGFR3 overexpression was predictive of adverse outcome in patients with adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy after radical cystectomy. The utility of FGFR3 as a therapeutic target is suggested.
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Kang SY, Park CK, Chang DK, Kim JW, Son HJ, Cho YB, Yun SH, Kim HC, Kwon M, Kim KM. Lynch-like syndrome: Characterization and comparison with EPCAM deletion carriers. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1568-78. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Do SI, Ko E, Kang SY, Lee JE, Nam SJ, Cho EY, Kim DH. Aberrant DNA methylation of integrin α4 in human breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7079-84. [PMID: 24756760 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that mediate cell-cell/extracellular interactions and have shown an association with metastasis or transformation in several cancers. However, the correlation between the clinicopathological status of breast cancer and the altered integrin α4 status is not clear. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation of integrin α4 in breast cancer. We retrieved 351 cases of surgically resected breast cancer (290 invasive carcinoma and 61 intraductal carcinoma). Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine integrin α4 methylation status. Integrin α4 methylation was frequently observed in breast cancer specimens (145/351 cases, 41.3 %). In addition, DNA methylation of integrin α4 showed statistical correlation with HER2 positivity and higher histologic grade (p = 0.001, 0.008 in ductal carcinoma in situ and 0.003 in invasive ductal carcinoma). However, other clinicopathological data such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, metastasis, and TNM status showed no statistical correlation. Moreover, we found that the downregulated expression of integrin α4 in a heavily methylated breast cancer cell line (ZR-75) was restored by treatment with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, implying transcriptional silencing by DNA methylation. We observed that integrin α4 methylation is associated with the histologic grade of tumors and lymph node metastasis. Also, this data supports a previous study that suggested integrin α4 and HER2 are involved in the same signaling pathway. DNA methylation of integrin α4 may be a poor prognostic factor which affects undifferentiated histologic change of breast cancer.
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Yang JJ, Kim MH, Lee WI, Kang SY. Relevance of indirect immunofluorescence patterns and autoantibodies identified via line immunoassay in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Lab Med 2014; 45:25-31. [PMID: 24719981 DOI: 10.1309/lmxhrt5jcac7ryzw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) patterns and autoantibodies identified by line immunoassay (LIA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to compare the autoantibody profiles with serological markers to determine their relevance. METHODS A total of 153 specimens were obtained from RA patients for diagnostic or monitoring purposes. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) were measured, and autoantibody testing using IIF and LIA was performed. Frequencies of IIF patterns and autoantibodies identified by LIA were analyzed and compared with each other and with serologic markers of RF, including anti-CCP, ESR, and CRP. RESULTS The overall positivity of IIF and LIA results was 49.7% and 34.0%, respectively. The most frequent IIF pattern in RA was homogenous (20.9%), followed by dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern (17%). Anti-SS-A and/or anti-Ro-52 were most frequently detected in RA irrespective of the observed IIF pattern. Positive rates and intensities of autoantibodies detected did not differ by therapeutic regimen or disease activity, as reflected by CRP levels or ESR. Only anti-CCP showed a tendency to increase depending on IIF intensity. CONCLUSIONS RA patients did not display a specific or dominant IIF pattern or autoantibody presence, as identified by LIA. RA patients had lower frequencies of anti-SS-A and anti-Ro-52 compared with other systemic autoimmune diseases (serologically characteristic of RA). IIF and LIA appear insufficient for diagnosing RA and monitoring disease activity yet can be useful for screening and differentiating major systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Kang SY, Kim KD, Hong JK, Hyun HN, Jeun YC. The role as inoculum sources of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri surviving on the infected Satsuma mandarin fruits. J Microbiol 2014; 52:422-6. [PMID: 24723102 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Importing citrus fruits infected by Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) can act as an inoculum source for the disease epidemic in citrus canker-free countries. In this study, the pathogenicity of the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker surviving on infected Satsuma mandarin fruits was evaluated. The washing solution of infected Satsuma mandarin fruits did not cause lesion formation on the citrus leaves. However, a typical citrus canker lesion was formed on the leaves after inoculation with higher concentrations of the inoculum from the washing solution (washing solution II). It indicated that the pathogenicity of the citrus canker surviving on the symptomatic Satsuma mandarin fruits was not changed. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that the numbers of bacterial cells on the leaves of Satsuma mandarin which inoculated with the washing solution directly (washing solution I) was less compared to those of leaves inoculated with the washing solution II. This result spports that the pathogenicity of Xcc surviving on Satsuma mandarin fruits may not be changed but that the sucessful infection of citrus caker may depend on the concentration of the inoculum.
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Yoon H, Choi YL, Song JY, Do I, Kang SY, Ko YH, Song S, Kim BG. Targeted inhibition of FAK, PYK2 and BCL-XL synergistically enhances apoptosis in ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88587. [PMID: 24523919 PMCID: PMC3921183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) displays a higher resistance to first line chemotherapy, requiring the development of new therapeutics. We previously identified a frequent chromosomal gain at 8q24 that harbors the focal-adhesion kinase (FAK) gene; the potential of this gene as a therapeutic target remains to be evaluated in OCCCs. We first examined the dependence of OCCCs on FAK and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. FAK was overexpressed in 20% of 67 OCCC samples, and this overexpression was correlated with its copy number gain. FAK copy number gains and mutations in PIK3CA accounted for about 40% of OCCC samples, suggesting that the FAK/PI3K/AKT axis is an attractive candidate for targeted therapeutics. We, therefore, treated ovarian cancer cell lines, including OCCC subtypes, with the FAK inhibitors PF-562,271 (PF271), and PF-573,228 (PF228). Ovarian cancer cells were more sensitive to PF271 than PF228. We then searched for single agents that exhibited a synergistic effect on cell death in combination with PF271. We found that co-treatment of PF271 with ABT-737, a BCL-2/BCL-XL antagonist, was profoundly effective at inducing apoptosis. RMGI and OVISE cells were more sensitive to ABT-737 than OVMANA and SKOV3 cells, which have PIK3CA mutations. Mechanistically, PF271 treatment resulted in the transient down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1 via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, PF271/ABT-737 treatment led to the inhibition of the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and BCL-XL/BCL-2. We suggest that pharmacological inhibition of BCL-XL and FAK/PYK2 can be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OCCC.
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Jeon YL, Kim MH, Lee WI, Kang SY. Cystatin C as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Lab 2014; 59:1221-9. [PMID: 24409655 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2013.120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum cystatin C has been proposed as an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because it shows a correlation with the albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) in diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of cystatin C as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS From February 2010 to July 2010, 205 outpatients with normo- or microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) of stage III or less were included in this study. Various renal markers including serum cystatin C and ACR were evaluated. RESULTS In the ROC curve analysis, cystatin C showed a performance similar to that of serum creatinine. In addition, cystatin C levels increased with increasing CKD stage I to III and from normo- to microalbuminuria and showed a positive correlation with ACR. In a comparison of renal function markers in diabetic patients according to serum cystatin C level, all markers including ACR, serum creatinine, and eGFR showed significant differences between patients with cystatin C level < 1.06 mg/L and those with cystatin C > or = 1.06 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS Serum cystatin C is a useful marker of early renal impairment in type 2 diabetic patients because it reflects both a decrease in GFR and elevated ACR.
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Lee SE, Kang SY, Takeuchi K, Ko YH. Identification ofRANBP2-ALKfusion inALKpositive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2014; 32:221-4. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kang G, Hwang WC, Do IG, Wang K, Kang SY, Lee J, Park SH, Park JO, Kang WK, Jang J, Choi MG, Lee JH, Sohn TS, Bae JM, Kim S, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park CK, Kim KM. Exome sequencing identifies early gastric carcinoma as an early stage of advanced gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82770. [PMID: 24376576 PMCID: PMC3871845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection and treatment leads to an excellent prognosis in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC), whereas the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains poor. It is unclear whether EGCs and AGCs are distinct entities or whether EGCs are the beginning stages of AGCs. We performed whole exome sequencing of four samples from patients with EGC and compared the results with those from AGCs. In both EGCs and AGCs, a total of 268 genes were commonly mutated and independent mutations were additionally found in EGCs (516 genes) and AGCs (3104 genes). A higher frequency of C>G transitions was observed in intestinal-type compared to diffuse-type carcinomas (P = 0.010). The DYRK3, GPR116, MCM10, PCDH17, PCDHB1, RDH5 and UNC5C genes are recurrently mutated in EGCs and may be involved in early carcinogenesis.
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Choi YJ, Bae JW, Kim HJ, Kang SY, Park YH, Lee S, Jung KH, Oh HS, Choi IS, Lee KH, Lee SE, Park KH. Abstract P6-05-17: A study of investigating biologic markers of anti-tumor effects of zoledronic acid and taxane-based chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer in bone: A prospective, multi-center, non-randomized study (BEAT-ZO) (KCSG BR10-13). Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p6-05-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Currently the predictive factors for taxane(T)-zoledronic acid(ZA) combination therapy in breast cancer patient with bone metastasis have not been established except tumor biology. The aim of this study is to investigate potential biologic markers of anti-tumor effects of and T-ZA for metastatic breast cancer(MBC) in bone.
Methods
Patients(pts) with MBC in bone being treated with docetaxel or paclitaxel based chemotherapy and ZA for the first time in metastatic setting were enrolled. Blood samples were collected serially at baseline, after 2 cycles to examine markers for angiogenesis(VEGF, VEGFR2, FGF-2, PDGF-AA), immune modulation (IL-2, IFN-γ, MCP-2, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6) and apoptosis (TRAIL).
Results
Of enrolled total 58 pts, 31 pts (median age 49; ECOG 0-1 96.8%; menopause 58.1%; invasive ductal carcinoma 92.9%; ER-(+) 77.4%; HER2-(+) 35.5%; visceral metastasis 35.5%) were included in this preliminary analysis.
Fifteen pts received docetaxel-based chemotherapy and the remainder were treated with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. Median 6 (range: 1 – 23) cycles per pt were administered. In per-protocol analysis, overall RR was 55.6% [95% CI: 37.3 – 72.4]. After the median follow-up of 13.67 months(mo.), median PFS was 9.13 mths [95% CI: 3.25 – 15.02]. Osteonecrosis of the jaw was reported in only one patient (3.2%).
In the baseline biomarker analysis, the pts with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) showed significantly higher VEGF level than hormone (+) or HER-2 (+) pts (518.7 vs 151.6 and 179.2 pg/ml, p = 0.041). Median baseline TRAIL was significantly higher in the postmenopausal women than the premenopausal women (52.0 vs 32.0 pg/ml, p = 0.038).
For the group as a whole, there was a borderline significant reduction in median serum MCP-2 level (41.4 to 34.1 pg/ml, p = 0.066) and an increasing tendency in median serum TRAIL level (44.7 to 54.5 pg/ml, p = 0.080) after 2 cycles of treatment. Median percentage reduction in serum VEGF in the TNBC group was -50.0% compared with +37.7% in others (p = 0.099). Median changes in MCP-2 was -36.4% in hormone (+) group compared with +7.6% in others (p = 0.008).
The pts who were progression free at 6 mths showed significant increase in median TNF-α after 2cycles of treatment, while the pts who experienced disease progression within 6 mths showed significant decrease in TNF-α level (p = 0.028) and there was a similar tendency in TRAIL level (p = 0.157).
The pts with increase of serum TNF-α or TRAIL levels from baseline showed significant improvement of PFS comparing the pts with no change or decrease of TNF-α and TRAIL levels (13.3 vs 5.93 mths, p = 0.012).
We are planning to perform additional analysis. The significance of serum TGF-β level on prognosis and the data of the remainder will be presented on the poster.
Conclusion
In this study, baseline levels and changes of biomarkers suggest potentially relevant interactions between menopausal status, tumor biology and treatment. Especially, TNF-α and TRAIL may be potential early marker for zoledronic acid and taxane-based chemotherapy for MBC in bone. Larger studies are needed to validate these complex interactions.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-05-17.
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Kang SY, Roh DH, Kim HW, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH. Suppression of adrenal gland-derived epinephrine enhances the corticosterone-induced antinociceptive effect in the mouse formalin test. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:617-28. [PMID: 24155262 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is both clinical and experimental evidence to support the application of corticosterone in the management of inflammation and pain. Corticosterone has been used to treat painful inflammatory diseases and can produce antinociceptive effects. Epinephrine is synthesized from norepinephrine by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and works as an endogenous adrenoceptor ligand secreted peripherally by the adrenal medulla. It is currently unclear whether corticosterone's antinociceptive effect is associated with the modulation of peripheral epinephrine. METHODS We first determined whether exogenous corticosterone treatment actually produced an antinociceptive effect in a formalin-induced pain model, and then examined whether this corticosterone-induced antinociceptive effect was altered by suppression of adrenal-derived epinephrine, using the following three suppression methods: (1) inhibition of the PNMT enzyme; (2) blocking peripheral epinephrine receptors; and (3) adrenalectomy. RESULTS Exogenous treatment with corticosterone at a high dose (50 mg/kg), but not at lower doses (5, 25 mg/kg), significantly reduced pain responses in the late phase. Moreover, injection of 2,3-dichloro-a-methylbenzylamine, a PNMT enzyme inhibitor, (10 mg/kg) before corticosterone treatment caused a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for corticosterone and injection of propranolol (5 mg/kg), but not phentolamine, also shifted the dose-response curve to the left during the late phase. Chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine had no effect on corticosterone-induced antinociceptive effect, but injection of a low dose of corticosterone produced an antinociceptive effect in adrenalectomized animals. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that suppression of epinephrine, derived from adrenal gland, enhances the antinociceptive effect of exogenous corticosterone treatment in an inflammatory pain model.
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Kim MH, Lee WI, Kang SY. Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare workers using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:1282-4. [PMID: 23918582 PMCID: PMC3743180 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.5.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have recently become an important issue for healthcare facilities due to high rates of infection, mortality, and high treatment costs. We investigated the frequency of MRSA in healthcare workers (HCWs) via nasal carriage and assessed the performance of the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced test. We tested nasal swabs from the anterior nares of participating HCWs at an intensive care unit. Nasal swabs were identified as S. aureus, methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCoNS or MRCoNS), or MRSA by using conventional culture and the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced test. Of the 142 HCWs who participated in this study, only 11 participants (7.8%) were MRSA-positive by conventional culture and MRSA ID, and 24 (16.9%) were positive for mecA by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In terms of diagnostic performance, the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced test had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 90.1%, a positive predictive value of 45.8%, and a negative predictive value of 100% compared with conventional culture method. The detection limit of the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced test was 10(3) colony/mL. We concluded that real-time PCR was able to rapidly and sensitively detect MRSA in HCWs. However, MRSA must be confirmed by culture due to false positivity.
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Ahn S, Lee J, Sung JY, Kang SY, Ha SY, Jang KT, Choi YL, Kim JS, Oh YL, Kim KM. Comparison of Three BRAF Mutation Tests in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded Clinical Samples. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 47:348-54. [PMID: 24009630 PMCID: PMC3759634 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.4.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, BRAF inhibitors showed dramatic treatment outcomes in BRAF V600 mutant melanoma. Therefore, the accuracy of BRAF mutation test is critical. METHODS BRAF mutations were tested by dual-priming oligonucleotide-polymerase chain reaction (DPO-PCR), direct sequencing and subsequently retested with a real-time PCR assay, cobas 4800 V600 mutation test. In total, 64 tumors including 34 malignant melanomas and 16 papillary thyroid carcinomas were analyzed. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples and the results of cobas test were directly compared with those of DPO-PCR and direct sequencing. RESULTS BRAF mutations were found in 23 of 64 (35.9%) tumors. There was 9.4% discordance among 3 methods. Out of 6 discordant cases, 4 cases were melanomas; 3 cases were BRAF V600E detected only by cobas test, but were not detected by DPO-PCR and direct sequencing. One melanoma patient with BRAF mutation detected only by cobas test has been on vemurafenib treatment for 6 months and showed a dramatic response to vemurafenib. DPO-PCR failed to detect V600K mutation in one case identified by both direct sequencing and cobas test. CONCLUSIONS In direct comparison of the currently available DPO-PCR, direct sequencing and real-time cobas test for BRAF mutation, real-time PCR assay is the most sensitive method.
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Seong Park J, Choi JH, Kang SY, Lee HW, Ahn MS, Cho SR, Jeong SH. Clinical significance of cryptic chromosomal translocations detected by multiplex RT-PCR in patients with acute leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 36:e20-3. [PMID: 23910794 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kim SH, Bang SH, Park SA, Kang SY, Park KD, Oh IU, Yoo SH, Kim H, Kim CH, Baek SY. Character comparison of abdomen-derived and eyelid-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:291-9. [PMID: 23692088 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While most human adipose tissues, such as those located in the abdomen, hip and thigh, are of mesodermal origin, adipose tissues located in the face are of ectodermal origin. The present study has compared stem cell-related features of abdomen-derived adult stem cells (A-ASCs) with those of eyelid-derived adult stem cells (E-ASCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipose tissue-derived cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. Before passage 6, cells were analysed using FACS, immunocytochemistry and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). To examine multi-differentiational potential, early passage ASCs were cultivated in each of a commercial Stempro(®) Differentiation kit. RESULTS Unlike fibroblast-like morphology of A-ASCs, E-ASCs had bipolar morphology. Both types of cell exhibited similar surface antigens, and neuronal cell-related genes and proteins. However, there were differences in mRNA expression levels of CD90 and CD146; neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and nuclear receptor-related protein 1 (Nurr1) were different between the two cell types. There was no difference in multi-differentiational potential between 3 E-ASCs lines, however, E-ASCs had higher expression levels of chondrocyte-related genes compared to A-ASCs. These cells underwent senescence and maintained normal karyotypes. CONCLUSIONS Although isolated from similar adipose tissues, both types of cells displayed many contrasting characteristics. Understanding defining phenotypes of such cells is useful for making suitable choices in differing clinical indications.
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Kang SY, Ahn S, Lee SM, Jeong JY, Sung JY, Oh YL, Kim KM. Shifted termination assay (STA) fragment analysis to detect BRAF V600 mutations in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:121. [PMID: 23883275 PMCID: PMC3751688 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRAF mutation is an important diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). To be applicable in clinical laboratories with limited equipment, diverse testing methods are required to detect BRAF mutation. Methods A shifted termination assay (STA) fragment analysis was used to detect common V600 BRAF mutations in 159 PTCs with DNAs extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue. The results of STA fragment analysis were compared to those of direct sequencing. Serial dilutions of BRAF mutant cell line (SNU-790) were used to calculate limit of detection (LOD). Results BRAF mutations were detected in 119 (74.8%) PTCs by STA fragment analysis. In direct sequencing, BRAF mutations were observed in 118 (74.2%) cases. The results of STA fragment analysis had high correlation with those of direct sequencing (p < 0.00001, κ = 0.98). The LOD of STA fragment analysis and direct sequencing was 6% and 12.5%, respectively. In PTCs with pT3/T4 stages, BRAF mutation was observed in 83.8% of cases. In pT1/T2 carcinomas, BRAF mutation was detected in 65.9% and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.007). Moreover, BRAF mutation was more frequent in PTCs with extrathyroidal invasion than tumors without extrathyroidal invasion (84.7% versus 62.2%, p = 0.001). To prepare and run the reactions, direct sequencing required 450 minutes while STA fragment analysis needed 290 minutes. Conclusions STA fragment analysis is a simple and sensitive method to detect BRAF V600 mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical samples. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5684057089135749
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Kim MH, Kang SY, Lee WI. Evaluation of a new rapid test kit to detect hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:379-82. [PMID: 23871756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the performance characteristics and diagnostic usefulness of a new rapid device test (RDT) for HCV (SD Bioline, Korea). A total of 200 specimens were used in this study and to assess cross-reactivity, five hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, five anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) positive, five rheumatoid factor (RF) positive, and six samples from multiple myeloma patients were tested. The early detection capability of the test was assessed using seroconversion panels. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated compared with a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Sixty-six cases were positive by the RIBA, while 52 cases were positive using the new RDT. The sensitivity and specificity of the new RDT were 78.8% (95% CI: 71.2-86.8%) and 100%, respectively. The kappa value for the agreement between the new RDT and RIBA results was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.746-0.916). The early detection capability of the new RDT and a HCV EIA were similar, with the same window period. The new RDT did not cross-react with HBsAg, anti-HBs, RF and immunoglobulins. In conclusion, the SD Bioline HCV RDT has superior sensitivity and specificity than the GENEDIA® HCV Rapid LF that is used in Korea. This assay can be used for HCV screening, especially in small hospitals, without the financial burden of expensive equipment.
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Chi YK, Kang SY, Han J, Jeong H, Park JY, Kim TH, Lee JJ, Lee SB, Park JH, JongChul Youn, Kim J, Ryu S, Jhoo JH, Lee DY, Kim KW. P2–277: Development and validation of a screening algorithm for Alzheimer's disease using the categorical fluency test. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Koh JW, Kang SY, Kim GH, Yoo HW, Yu J. Central precocious puberty in a patient with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita and Xp21 contiguous gene deletion syndrome. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013; 18:90-4. [PMID: 24904859 PMCID: PMC4027096 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2013.18.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita is caused by the mutation of DAX-1 gene (dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1), and can occur as part of a contiguous gene deletion syndrome in association with glycerol kinase (GK) deficiency, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and X-linked interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1) gene deficiency. It is usually associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, although in rare cases, it has been reported to occur in normal puberty or even central precocious puberty. This study addresses a case in which central precocious puberty developed in a boy with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita who had complete deletion of the genes DAX-1, GK and IL1RAPL1 (Xp21 contiguous gene deletion syndrome). Initially he was admitted for the management of adrenal crisis at the age of 2 months, and managed with hydrocortisone and florinef. At 45 months of age, his each testicular volumes of 4 mL and a penile length of 5 cm were noted, with pubic hair of Tanner stage 2. His bone age was advanced and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test showed a luteinizing hormone peak of 8.26 IU/L, confirming central precocious puberty. He was then treated with a GnRH agonist, as well as steroid replacement therapy. In Korea, this is the first case of central precocious puberty developed in a male patient with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita.
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Park ES, Lee J, Kang SY, Lee EJ, Lee MH, Yoon N, Oh YL, Kim KM. A comparative study of telomerase activity and cytologic diagnosis in malignant ascites. ANALYTICAL AND QUANTITATIVE CYTOPATHOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 2013; 35:146-151. [PMID: 24344501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate telomerase activity as an adjunct in the cytologic diagnosis of malignant ascites. STUDY DESIGN Malignant ascites collected from 19 gastrointestinal or liver cancer patients with clinical or pathologic evidence of peritoneal metastasis were tested for routine cytology with a liquid-based preparation, and telomerase activity was measured by telomere-repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and real-time quantitative TRAP (RTQ-TRAP) assays. For comparison, controls from peritoneal washings from 8 early gastric cancer patients were used. RESULTS Cytological examination detected cancer cells in 8 patients (42%), and 3 cases (16%) were diagnosed as "atypia." With TRAP and RTQ-TRAP assays 16 (84%) and 15 (78%) cases, respectively, were positive for telomerase activity. The sensitivity of telomerase activity by TRAP, RTQ-TRAP assays, and cytology was 84%, 78%, and 58%, respectively. All cases with "atypia" by cytological examination were positive for both TRAP and RTQ-PCR assays. In all negative controls, cytology, TRAP and RTQ-TRAP assays were negative. CONCLUSION Based on our findings telomerase activity is a more sensitive method than ascitic fluid cytology and therefore can be considered as a useful diagnostic adjunct to current standard diagnostic methods. However, further large cohort studies with clinical correlation are needed to confirm our findings.
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Sung CO, Choi CH, Ko YH, Ju H, Choi YL, Kim N, Kang SY, Ha SY, Choi K, Bae DS, Lee JW, Kim TJ, Song SY, Kim BG. Integrative analysis of copy number alteration and gene expression profiling in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Cancer Genet 2013; 206:145-53. [PMID: 23726144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (Ov-CCA) is a distinctive subtype of ovarian epithelial carcinoma. In this study, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and paired gene expression microarray of 19 fresh-frozen samples and conducted integrative analysis. For the copy number alterations, significantly amplified regions (false discovery rate [FDR] q <0.05) were 1q21.3 and 8q24.3, and significantly deleted regions were 3p21.31, 4q12, 5q13.2, 5q23.2, 5q31.1, 7p22.1, 7q11.23, 8p12, 9p22.1, 11p15.1, 12p13.31, 15q11.2, 15q21.2, 18p11.31, and 22q11.21 using the Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC) analysis. Integrative analysis revealed 94 genes demonstrating frequent copy number alterations (>25% of samples) that correlated with gene expression (FDR <0.05). These genes were mainly located on 8p11.21, 8p21.2-p21.3, 8q22.1, 8q24.3, 17q23.2-q23.3, 19p13.3, and 19p13.11. Among the regions, 8q24.3 was found to contain the most genes (30 of 94 genes) including PTK2. The 8q24.3 region was indicated as the most significant region, as supported by copy number, GISTIC, and integrative analysis. Pathway analysis using differentially expressed genes on 8q24.3 revealed several major nodes, including PTK2. In conclusion, we identified a set of 94 candidate genes with frequent copy number alterations that correlated with gene expression. Specific chromosomal alterations, such as the 8q24.3 gain containing PTK2, could be a therapeutic target in a subset of Ov-CCAs.
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Park KH, Sohn JH, Lee S, Park JH, Kang SY, Kim HY, Park IH, Park YH, Im YH, Lee HJ, Hong DS, Park S, Shin SH, Kwon HC, Seo JH. A randomized, multi-center, open-label, phase II study of once-per-cycle DA-3031, a biosimilar pegylated G-CSF, compared with daily filgrastim in patients receiving TAC chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1300-6. [PMID: 23677653 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS A pegylated form of recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was developed for prophylactic use in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-per-cycle DA-3031 in patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. METHODS A total of 61 patients receiving docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC) chemotherapy were randomized in cycle 1 to receive daily injections of filgrastim (100 μg/m(2)) or a single subcutaneous injection of pegylated filgrastim DA-3031 at a dose of either 3.6 mg or 6 mg. RESULTS The mean duration of grade 4 neutropenia in cycle 1 was comparable among the treatment groups (2.48, 2.20, and 2.05 days for filgrastim, DA-3031 3.6 mg and 6 mg, respectively; P=0.275). No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of febrile neutropenia between the treatment groups (9.5 %, 15.0 %, and 5.0 % for filgrastim, DA-3031 3.6 mg and 6 mg, respectively; P=0.681) in cycle 1. The incidences of adverse events attributable to G-CSF were similar among the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Fixed doses of 3.6 mg or 6 mg DA-3031 have an efficacy comparable to that of daily injections of filgrastim in ameliorating grade 4 neutropenia in patients receiving TAC chemotherapy.
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Lee D, Suh Y, Kang SY, Park T, Jeong JY, Kim S. IDH1 mutations in oligodendroglial tumors: comparative analysis of direct sequencing, pyrosequencing, immunohistochemistry, nested PCR and PNA-mediated clamping PCR. Brain Pathol 2013; 23:285-93. [PMID: 23072665 PMCID: PMC8029453 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are found in a high proportion of glial tumors and have a significant prognostic impact. Although direct sequencing has been considered to be the gold-standard method to detect this mutation, the sensitivity of this technique has been questioned especially because specimens from glial tumors may contain large numbers of non-tumor cells. We screened 141 cases of oligodendroglial tumors for IDH1 mutations using peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated clamping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compared the results with the results of direct sequencing, pyrosequencing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Nested PCR was only performed in cases having mutant IDH1 only discovered by clamping PCR. Using dilution experiments mixing IDH1 wild-type and mutant DNA samples, clamping PCR detected mutations in samples with a 1% tumor DNA composition. Using PNA clamping PCR, we detected 138 of 141 (97.9%) cases with mutant IDH1 in our series, which is significantly higher (P = 0.016; PNA clamping vs. direct sequencing) than those of direct sequencing (74.5%), pyrosequencing (75.2%) and IHC (75.9%). From our results, almost all oligodendroglial tumors have IDH1 mutations, and this suggests that IDH1 mutation is an early and common event especially in the development of oligodendroglial tumors.
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Kang SY, Kang SW, Do IG, Chang DK, Kim KM. Abstract 40: Mutation of EPCAM gene is less frequent in Korean and EPCAM immunohistochemistry can identify Lynch syndrome in patients who do not meet Bethesda criteria. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lynch syndrome is an inherited tumor predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, mainly MLH1 and MSH2. Recently, germline deletions affecting the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) gene located upstream of MSH2 were identified as a novel mutational mechanism causing Lynch syndrome. However, most studies were conducted in western populations, where the incidence of CRC is high. To identify the incidence of germline deletions of EPCAM gene in Korea where the incidence of CRC is relatively low and socioeconomic condition is different, we conducted a comprehensive study in 4,993 patients diagnosed and treated with CRCs at a single institute between 2006 and 2011. In all tumor samples, microsatellite instability (MSI) test and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins were performed. In cases with loss of MLH1 protein, methylation of MLH1 by MethyLight was performed and cases with hypermethylation of MLH1 gene were excluded. Germline mutations of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 were performed in patients who fulfilled at least one of the revised Bethesda criteria. In 97 patients with loss of MSH2 protein, EPCAM IHC and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for germline deletions of the EPCAM and MSH2 gene were performed. Loss of expression of MMR proteins and/or MSI-high was observed in 337 (6.7%) patients, 112 (2.2%) patients met revised Bethesda criteria, and 54 (1.1%) patients harbored germline mutations of MMR genes. Out of 97 MSH2-negative CRCs, 5 (5.2%) showed concomitant loss of EPCAM expression and EPCAM exon 9 deletionmutations. Out of 5 cases with EPCAM mutation and protein loss, four patients showed familial histories of CRCs. However, one patient showed no family history. In this patient, although multiple liver metastases were the first manifestation, he lived 6 more years after diagnosis. In this large single study cohort, we found that 5.2% of MSH2-negative CRCs were caused by EPCAM deletion mutations, which is lower than previously reported incidences in western populations. Moreover, we could find one candidate patient with de novo mutation of EPCAM gene, which has not been reported yet. Our results strongly support that in routine screening of patients with CRC for Lynch syndrome, a simple and sensitive EPCAM IHC should be included even in cases do not meet Bethesda criteria.
Citation Format: So Young Kang, Shin Woo Kang, In-Gu Do, Dong Kyung Chang, Kyoung M. Kim. Mutation of EPCAM gene is less frequent in Korean and EPCAM immunohistochemistry can identify Lynch syndrome in patients who do not meet Bethesda criteria. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 40. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-40
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Ha SY, Kang SY, Do IG, Suh YL. Glioblastoma with oligodendroglial component represents a subgroup of glioblastoma with high prevalence of IDH1 mutation and association with younger age. J Neurooncol 2013; 112:439-48. [PMID: 23412777 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma with an oligodendroglial component (GBMO) is recognized as a subgroup of glioblastoma (GBM); however, the molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of GBMO are obscure. We evaluated the methylation status of MGMT, IDH1/2 mutation, deletions of 1p and 19q and expression of IDH1, p53, p16, CD151, and galectin3 proteins in 42 GBMOs (32 primary and 10 secondary tumors). Our aims were to correlate our molecular findings with clinicopathologic features, and to compare molecular-to-clinical correlations in the 42 GBMOs with the corresponding correlations in 45 GBMs. GBMO was subdivided into two subgroups according to the predominant cell component comprising >50 % of tumors: the astrocytic predominant type (GBMO-A) and oligodendroglioma predominant type (GBMO-O). Methylation of MGMT, IDH1/2 mutation, and co-deletion of 1p and 19q were found in 31.0, 26.2, and 17.9 % of patients with GBMO, respectively. Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics did not differ significantly between GBMO-A and GBMO-O. However, patients with GBMO-O experienced better outcomes than patients with GBMO-A (p = 0.007). On multivariate analysis the predominant cell type was an independent prognostic factor in overall survival [hazard ratio 4.2 (95 % confidence interval 1.4-12.8), p = 0.011]. When compared to patients with classic GBM, those with GBMO were younger (49.21 vs. 57.47, p = 0.003) and more frequently had tumors with IDH1 mutation (23.8 vs. 4.4 %, p = 0.009). Survival was similar in patients with GBMO and with classic GBM. Based on these results, GBMO may represent a subgroup of GBM that is associated with IDH1 mutation and younger age, although similar to classic GBM in prognosis.
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Kwon MJ, Min BH, Lee SM, Park HY, Kang SY, Ha SY, Lee JH, Kim JJ, Park CK, Kim KM. Serrated adenoma of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of nine cases. Histol Histopathol 2013; 28:453-62. [PMID: 23404616 DOI: 10.14670/hh-28.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastric serrated adenoma is a recently recognized entity that has been rarely described and poorly characterized. To examine whether gastric serrated adenoma shares the same immunophenotypic and molecular features of its colorectal traditional serrated adenoma, the clinicopathologic features, expression of mucin proteins (MUC2, MUC5AC, CD10, MUC6) and mismatch repair protein (MLH1), and mutations of BRAF and KRAS genes were studied. The nine serrated adenomas were obtained from five men and four women, with a mean age of 67 years. Seven (78%) serrated adenomas were located in the body of the stomach. The endoscopic findings were not sufficiently characteristic to diagnose serrated adenoma or serrated adenocarcinoma; however, most were elevated lesions. The initial biopsy material was available in all cases and the serrated features were evident in 6 cases diagnosed as adenoma. Among the nine cases, seven (78%) were associated with invasive adenocarcinoma within the serrated adenoma. MUC5AC was expressed in 6 serrated adenomas (67%). Expression of MUC5AC was observed in all tumors located in the lower third of the stomach. Focal MUC6 expression was observed in the basal part of two serrated adenomas. MLH1 expression was lost in two cases (22%). KRAS mutations were observed in three cases (33%) while BRAF mutations were not detected in any of the cases. Gastric serrated adenoma does not completely share the same immunophenotypic and molecular features of its colorectal counterpart. Gastric serrated adenomas are frequently associated with adenocarcinoma. When serrated adenoma is encountered in a gastric biopsy specimen, the possibility of associated adenocarcinoma should be considered in the adjacent stomach.
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Lee J, Lee SE, Kang SY, Do IG, Lee S, Ha SY, Cho J, Kang WK, Jang J, Ou SHI, Kim KM. Identification of ROS1 rearrangement in gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2013; 119:1627-35. [PMID: 23400546 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, chromosomal rearrangements involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been described in common epithelial malignancies, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. One of these RTKs, c-ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), has been identified as a driver mutation in NSCLC, because its inhibition by crizotinib, an anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)/met proto-oncogene hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)/ROS1 inhibitor, led to significant tumor shrinkage in ROS1-rearranged NSCLC. Currently, only human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy has been successful in significantly prolonging the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). There is a need for the discovery of additional novel targets in GC. METHODS Anti-ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to screen 495 GC samples and was followed by simultaneous ROS1 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses in IHC-positive samples. Fusion partners in ROS1-rearranged GC were determined by RT-PCR. In all 495 samples, HER2 amplification was identified with FISH, and MET expression was identified by IHC. RESULTS Twenty-three tumor samples were ROS1 IHC-positive. Three of 23 patients were ROS1 FISH positive, HER2 FISH negative, and negative for MET overexpression; and 2 of those 3 patients harbored a solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2 (SLC34A2)-ROS1 fusion transcripts. No fusion partner was identified in the third patient. Both patients who had SLC34A2-ROS1 transcripts had poorly differentiated histology with recurrence and death within 2 years of curative surgery. ROS1 IHC-positive status was not identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS In this study, an SLC34A2-ROS1 rearrangement was identified in GC, and the results provide a rationale for investigating the clinical efficacy of ROS1 inhibitors in this unique molecular subset of GC. Society.
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Lee SE, Lim SD, Kang SY, Suh SB, Suh YL. Prognostic significance of Ror2 and Wnt5a expression in medulloblastoma. Brain Pathol 2013; 23:445-53. [PMID: 23278988 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous group of tumors, and currently classified into four molecular subgroups (Wnt, Shh, Group 3 and Group 4). Intracellular signaling of the Wnt pathway has been divided into two classes: the "canonical" and the "non-canonical" signaling pathway. The canonical signaling pathway is a well-established, β-catenin-dependent signaling pathway in MB. In contrast, very little research about the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway in MB exists. In order to identify the roles of Wnt-5a and Ror2, two non-canonical WNT pathway-related genes, we studied 76 cases of MB with immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR and correlated the results with clinicopathological and other molecular parameters and prognosis. Wnt5a and Ror2 were immunopositive in 20 (29.4%) and 35 (51.5%) of 68 cases, respectively. There were positive associations among protein expressions of Wnt5a, Ror2 and β-catenin. Ror2 mRNA levels were well correlated with immunoexpression. Ror2 mRNA expression was significantly associated with CTNNB1 mutation. High Ror2 mRNA expression was an independent favorable prognostic factor. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the first attempt to identify Wnt5a and Ror2 as additional mechanisms contributing to dysregulation of the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway in MB. Ror2 may play a role as an oncosuppressor in MB.
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Jeon YL, Kim MH, Lee WI, Kang SY. Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and line immunoassay for autoantibody detection. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31:84-90. [PMID: 23043859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and line immunoassay (LIA) for autoantibody (autoAb) detection and provide sufficient information to interpret the results of autoAb tests. METHODS The study included 1,052 patients for whom IIF and LIA tests had been performed simultaneously for a systemic autoimmune disease work-up. All patients were divided into either the systemic autoimmune group or non-autoimmune group, and the systemic autoimmune group was further divided into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis (SSc), and dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM). The diagnostic performance of IIF and LIA was analysed according to the distribution of IIF patterns and autoAbs identified by LIA. RESULTS The overall sensitivity/specificity of IIF and LIA for systemic autoimmune disease was 63.5%/80.3% and 66.1%/83.2%, respectively. IIF showed higher sensitivity for SLE than LIA, but the sensitivity of LIA was higher for Sjögren's syndrome and DM/PM. The speckled pattern was the most commonly observed pattern in systemic autoimmune diseases with the exception of SSc. In the majority of systemic autoimmune diseases and their various IIF patterns, both anti-Ro-52 and anti-SS-A were the most prevalent autoAbs. In addition, a majority of the systemic autoimmune diseases showed specific dominant positive patterns or a combination of IIF and LIA results that were disease specific. CONCLUSIONS Utilising both methods together not only increased the sensitivity in most cases but also provided more information from the combination of results, augmenting their interpretation with the advantage of simultaneous identification of autoAbs.
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Jeon YL, Park TS, Cho SY, Oh SH, Kim MH, Kang SY, Lee WI. The first Korean case report of anti-Gerbich. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:442-4. [PMID: 23130346 PMCID: PMC3486941 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.6.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the first Korean case of an anti-Gerbich (Ge) alloantibody to a high-incidence antigen that belongs to the Ge blood group system. The alloantibody was detected in a middle-aged Korean woman who did not have a history of transfusion. Her blood type was B+, and findings from the antibody screening test revealed 1+ reactivity in all panels except the autocontrol. The cross-matching test showed incompatible results with all 5 packed red blood cells. Additional blood type antigen and antibody tests confirmed the anti-Ge alloantibody. While rare, cases of hemolytic transfusion reaction or hemolytic disease in newborns due to anti-Ge have been recently reported in the literature. Therefore, additional further studies on alloantibodies to high-incidence antigens, including anti-Ge, are necessary in the future.
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Choi KS, Kim JY, Lim SK, Choi YW, Kim YH, Kang SY, Park TJ, Lim IK. TIS21(/BTG2/PC3) accelerates the repair of DNA double strand breaks by enhancing Mre11 methylation and blocking damage signal transfer to the Chk2(T68)-p53(S20) pathway. DNA Repair (Amst) 2012; 11:965-75. [PMID: 23089312 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) occur more frequently in TIS21(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts than that in wild type MEFs (wt-MEFs). Therefore, the role TIS21 plays in the DNA damage response was investigated. Adenoviral transduction of Huh7 tumor cells with the TIS21 gene accelerated the repair of DSBs induced by etoposide treatment as evaluated by clearance of γH2AX foci and the Comet assay. TIS21 increased methylation of Mre11 and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) activity, leading to Mre11 activation in vitro and in vivo, as determined by immunoprecipitation and radiolabeling analyses. When downstream DNA damage response mediators were evaluated in various human cancer cells lines, TIS21 was found to strongly inhibit Chk2(T68) and p53(S20) phosphorylation by p-ATM(S1981) but not p53(S15). The loss of Chk2 activation after etoposide treatment reduced apoptosis in the cells by downregulating the expression of E2F1 and Bax. These data suggest that TIS21 regulates DSB repair and apoptosis. Expression of TIS21 promoted the repair of DSBs and reduced apoptosis by blocking the damage signal from p-ATM(S1981) to Chk2(T68)-p53(S20)via the activation of Mre11 and PRMT1.
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Kwon MJ, Sung CO, Kang SY, Do IG, Suh YL. Differential expression of extracellular matrix-related genes in rare variants of meningioma. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:260-8. [PMID: 22995327 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Secretory, clear cell, and rhabdoid meningiomas are rare variants of meningiomas characterized by unique histologies and behaviors. Extracellular matrix proteins provide a morphologic structure and influence the biologic behavior of tumors. However, the effects of extracellular matrix proteins on morphologies and biologic behaviors of secretory meningioma, clear cell meningioma, and rhabdoid meningioma have not been established. We evaluated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, galectin-3, fibronectin, and collagen IV in a series of those rare variants of meningioma and verified their clinicopathologic significance. A total 51 cases included 12 secretory meningiomas, 9 clear cell meningiomas, and 30 rhabdoid meningiomas. Extracellular matrix proteins showed different expression patterns according to the histologic subtypes, and messenger RNA levels were well correlated with immunoexpressions. Secretory meningiomas showed high expressions of fibronectin and galectin-3. Clear cell meningiomas showed high expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and collagen IV. Rhabdoid meningiomas showed high expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 9, galectin-3, and fibronectin. Clinically, high expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 was associated with tumor recurrence (P < .001) and local invasion at the time of diagnosis (P = .018) among the extracellular matrix-related proteins, and was also associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (P = .025) in the patients with rhabdoid meningioma. In conclusion, the differential expressions of extracellular matrix-related genes according to the histologic subtypes appear to be involved in biologic behavior and clinical outcome, and high matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression is associated with recurrences in rhabdoid meningiomas.
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Maeng CH, Lee J, van Hummelen P, Park SH, Palescandolo E, Jang J, Park HY, Kang SY, MacConaill L, Kim KM, Shim YM. High-throughput genotyping in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identifies phosphoinositide-3-kinase and BRAF mutations. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41655. [PMID: 22870241 PMCID: PMC3411721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the high incidence of metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, especially in Asia, we screened for the presence of somatic mutations using OncoMap platform with the aim of defining subsets of patients who may be potential candidate for targeted therapy. Methods and Materials We analyzed 87 tissue specimens obtained from 80 patients who were pathologically confirmed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and received 5-fluoropyrimidine/platinum-based chemotherapy. OncoMap 4.0, a mass-spectrometry based assay, was used to interrogate 471 oncogenic mutations in 41 commonly mutated genes. Tumor specimens were prepared from primary cancer sites in 70 patients and from metastatic sites in 17 patients. In order to test the concordance between primary and metastatic sites from the patient for mutations, we analyzed 7 paired (primary-metastatic) specimens. All specimens were formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues and tumor content was >70%. Results In total, we have detected 20 hotspot mutations out of 80 patients screened. The most frequent mutation was PIK3CA mutation (four E545K, five H1047R and one H1047L) (N = 10, 11.5%) followed by MLH1 V384D (N = 7, 8.0%), TP53 (R306, R175H and R273C) (N = 3, 3.5%), BRAF V600E (N = 1, 1.2%), CTNNB1 D32N (N = 1, 1.2%), and EGFR P733L (N = 1, 1.2%). Distributions of somatic mutations were not different according to anatomic sites of esophageal cancer (cervical/upper, mid, lower). In addition, there was no difference in frequency of mutations between primary-metastasis paired samples. Conclusions Our study led to the detection of potentially druggable mutations in esophageal SCC which may guide novel therapies in small subsets of esophageal cancer patients.
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Lee SE, Lee EH, Park H, Sung JY, Lee HW, Kang SY, Seo S, Kim BH, Lee H, Seo AN, Ahn G, Choi YL. The diagnostic utility of the GNAS mutation in patients with fibrous dysplasia: meta-analysis of 168 sporadic cases. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Han J, Kim KW, Kim TH, Jeong H, Park JY, Youn J, Park JH, Jhoo JH, Lee JJ, Kim J, Kim B, Kim SG, Ryu S, Choo IH, Lee DY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kwak KP, Kang SY. O2‐07‐02: The impact of social support on caregiver burden in dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee J, van Hummelen P, Go C, Palescandolo E, Jang J, Park HY, Kang SY, Park JO, Kang WK, MacConaill L, Kim KM. High-throughput mutation profiling identifies frequent somatic mutations in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38892. [PMID: 22723903 PMCID: PMC3377730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is one of the leading cancer types in incidence and mortality, especially in Asia. In order to improve survival, identification of a catalogue of molecular alterations underlying gastric cancer is a critical step for developing and designing genome-directed therapies. Methodology/Principal Findings The Center for Cancer Genome Discovery (CCGD) at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) has adapted a high-throughput genotyping platform to determine the mutation status of a large panel of known cancer genes. The mutation detection platform, termed OncoMap v4, interrogates 474 “hotspot” mutations in 41 genes that are relevant for cancer. We performed OncoMap v4 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from 237 gastric adenocarcinomas. Using OncoMap v4, we found that 34 (14.4%) of 237 gastric cancer patients harbored mutations. Among mutations we screened, PIK3CA mutations were the most frequent (5.1%) followed by p53 (4.6%), APC (2.5%), STK11 (2.1%), CTNNB1 (1.7%), and CDKN2A (0.8%). Six samples harbored concomitant somatic mutations. Mutations of CTNNB1 were significantly more frequent in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (P = 0.046). Our study led to the detection of potentially druggable mutations in gastric cancer which may guide novel therapies in subsets of gastric cancer patients. Conclusions/Significance Using high throughput mutation screening platform, we identified that PIK3CA mutations were the most frequently observed target for gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Kim T, Jung EA, Song JY, Roh JH, Choi JS, Kwon JE, Kang SY, Cho EY, Shin JH, Nam SJ, Yang JH, Choi YL. Prevalence of the CTNNB1 mutation genotype in surgically resected fibromatosis of the breast. Histopathology 2012; 60:347-56. [PMID: 22211293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate CTNNB1 mutation and β-catenin expression in resected breast fibromatosis and to identify potential molecular markers of fibromatosis of the breast. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected 12 patients with fibromatosis of the breast who underwent surgical resection and were confirmed by histological examination. Ultrasonography findings for 10 patients were reviewed and only two cases were suspicious for fibromatosis on imaging. On core needle biopsy for pre-operative diagnoses, only three cases were histologically suspicious for fibromatosis. Mutations in exon 3 of CTNNB1 were detected by direct DNA sequencing in nine (75.0%) cases: all were c.121G>A (p.T41A), which was much more frequent in breast fibromatoses than in other soft tissue lesions. Nuclear β-catenin expression was observed in all cases and the level of expression was higher in cases with mutation. In eight of nine cases, the matched biopsy specimen showed the same CTNNB1 mutation status as the pre-operative specimen. CONCLUSIONS In the majority of cases, clinical presentation and breast imaging are highly suspicious for carcinoma. Definitive pre-operative pathological diagnosis by core needle biopsy is difficult. CTNNB1 mutation and nuclear β-catenin expression are frequently detected in sporadic breast fibromatoses, suggesting their potential as a useful tool to distinguish breast fibromatoses from other neoplasms.
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Kang SY, Kang JY, Oh MJ. Antiviral activities of flavonoids isolated from the bark of Rhus verniciflua stokes against fish pathogenic viruses In Vitro. J Microbiol 2012; 50:293-300. [PMID: 22538659 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An 80% methanolic extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes bark showed significant anti-viral activity against fish pathogenic infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in a cell-based assay measuring virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE). Activity-guided fractionation and isolation for the 80% methanolic extract of R. verniciflua yielded the most active ethyl acetate fraction, and methyl gallate (1) and four flavonoids: fustin (2), fisetin (3), butin (4) and sulfuretin (5). Among them, fisetin (3) exhibited high antiviral activities against both IHNV and VHSV showing EC(50) values of 27.1 and 33.3 μM with selective indices (SI = CC(50)/EC(50)) more than 15, respectively. Fustin (2) and sulfuretin (5) displayed significant antiviral activities showing EC50 values of 91.2-197.3 μM against IHNV and VHSV. In addition, the antiviral activity of fisetin against IHNV and VHSV occurred up to 5 hr post-infection and was not associated with direct virucidal effects in a timed addition study using a plaque reduction assay. These results suggested that the bark of R. verniciflua and isolated flavonoids have significant anti-viral activity against IHNV and VHSV, and also have potential to be used as anti-viral therapeutics against fish viral diseases.
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Park HY, Kang SY, Kang GH, Bae GE, Lee SE, Kim KM, Park CK, Choi MG, Noh JH, Sohn TS, Bae JM, Kim S. EBV infection and mismatch repair deficiency mediated by loss of hMLH1 expression contribute independently to the development of multiple synchronous gastric carcinomas. J Surg Oncol 2012; 106:777-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim MH, Kang SY, Lee WI. Comparison of Two Enzyme Immunoassays for DetectingMycoplasma pneumoniae. Lab Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1309/lm1py99tfmyveptp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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