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Soucie JM, Wang C, Forsyth A, Funk S, Denny M, Roach KE, Boone D. Range of motion measurements: reference values and a database for comparison studies. Haemophilia 2010; 17:500-7. [PMID: 21070485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bouvier A, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Carrigan S, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Celik O, Charles E, Chaty S, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Corbel S, Corbet R, DeCesar ME, den Hartog PR, Dermer CD, de Palma F, Digel SW, Donato D, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dubus G, Dumora D, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Fortin P, Frailis M, Fuhrmann L, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Healey SE, Hill AB, Horan D, Hughes RE, Itoh R, Jean P, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Koerding E, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lee SH, Lemoine-Goumard M, Garde ML, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Makeev A, Mazziotta MN, McConville W, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Naumann-Godo M, Nestoras I, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Ray PS, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Rea N, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ripken J, Ritz S, Romani RW, Roth M, Sadrozinski HFW, Sander A, Parkinson PMS, Scargle JD, Schinzel FK, Sgrò C, Shaw MS, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Sokolovsky KV, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stawarz Ł, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Tanaka Y, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wallace E, Wang P, Winer BL, Wolff MT, Wood KS, Yang Z, Ylinen T, Ziegler M, Maehara H, Nishiyama K, Kabashima F, Bach U, Bower GC, Falcone A, Forster JR, Henden A, Kawabata KS, Koubsky P, Mukai K, Nelson T, Oates SR, Sakimoto K, Sasada M, Shenavrin VI, Shore SN, Skinner GK, Sokoloski J, Stroh M, Tatarnikov AM, Uemura M, Wahlgren GM, Yamanaka M. Gamma-ray emission concurrent with the nova in the symbiotic binary V407 Cygni. Science 2010; 329:817-21. [PMID: 20705855 DOI: 10.1126/science.1192537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Novae are thermonuclear explosions on a white dwarf surface fueled by mass accreted from a companion star. Current physical models posit that shocked expanding gas from the nova shell can produce x-ray emission, but emission at higher energies has not been widely expected. Here, we report the Fermi Large Area Telescope detection of variable gamma-ray emission (0.1 to 10 billion electron volts) from the recently detected optical nova of the symbiotic star V407 Cygni. We propose that the material of the nova shell interacts with the dense ambient medium of the red giant primary and that particles can be accelerated effectively to produce pi(0) decay gamma-rays from proton-proton interactions. Emission involving inverse Compton scattering of the red giant radiation is also considered and is not ruled out.
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Celik O, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Colafrancesco S, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Costamante L, Cutini S, Davis DS, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Finke J, Focke WB, Fortin P, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Georganopoulos M, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jackson MS, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Mazziotta MN, McConville W, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sambruna R, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Stawarz Ł, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wallace E, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Ylinen T, Ziegler M, Hardcastle MJ, Kazanas D. Fermi Gamma-Ray Imaging of a Radio Galaxy. Science 2010; 328:725-9. [PMID: 20360067 DOI: 10.1126/science.1184656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Celik O, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Di Bernardo G, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Dubois R, Dumora D, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Fortin P, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gaggero D, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hughes RE, Itoh R, Jackson MS, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Mazziotta MN, McConville W, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Sellerholm A, Sgrò C, Shaw MS, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Strickman MS, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Spectrum of the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission derived from first-year Fermi Large Area Telescope data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:101101. [PMID: 20366411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) measurements of the so-called "extragalactic" diffuse gamma-ray emission (EGB). This component of the diffuse gamma-ray emission is generally considered to have an isotropic or nearly isotropic distribution on the sky with diverse contributions discussed in the literature. The derivation of the EGB is based on detailed modeling of the bright foreground diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission, the detected LAT sources, and the solar gamma-ray emission. We find the spectrum of the EGB is consistent with a power law with a differential spectral index gamma = 2.41 +/- 0.05 and intensity I(>100 MeV) = (1.03 +/- 0.17) x 10(-5) cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1), where the error is systematics dominated. Our EGB spectrum is featureless, less intense, and softer than that derived from EGRET data.
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bouvier A, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Carrigan S, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Celik O, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, do Couto E Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Essig R, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Fortin P, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hadasch D, Harding AK, Horan D, Hughes RE, Jackson MS, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Llena Garde M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Makeev A, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ripken J, Ritz S, Rodriguez AY, Roth M, Sadrozinski HFW, Sander A, Parkinson PMS, Scargle JD, Schalk TL, Sellerholm A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Fermi large area telescope search for photon lines from 30 to 200 GeV and dark matter implications. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:091302. [PMID: 20366979 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dark matter (DM) particle annihilation or decay can produce monochromatic gamma rays readily distinguishable from astrophysical sources. gamma-ray line limits from 30 to 200 GeV obtained from 11 months of Fermi Large Area Space Telescope data from 20-300 GeV are presented using a selection based on requirements for a gamma-ray line analysis, and integrated over most of the sky. We obtain gamma-ray line flux upper limits in the range 0.6-4.5x10{-9} cm{-2} s{-1}, and give corresponding DM annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime limits. Theoretical implications are briefly discussed.
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Çelik Ö, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cognard I, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Espinoza C, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Fortin P, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jackson MS, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Katsuta J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Kramer M, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Lyne AG, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Noutsos A, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Parkinson PMS, Scargle JD, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stappers BW, Stecker FW, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Theureau G, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vasileiou V, Venter C, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yamazaki R, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT. Science 2010; 327:1103-6. [PMID: 20056857 DOI: 10.1126/science.1182787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Funk S, Gilad E, Jansen VAA. Endemic disease, awareness, and local behavioural response. J Theor Biol 2010; 264:501-9. [PMID: 20184901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The spread of a contagious disease is often accompanied by a rise in awareness of those in the social vicinity of infected individuals, and a subsequent change in behaviour. Such reactions can manifest themselves in lower susceptibility as people try to prevent themselves from catching the disease, but also in lower infectivity because of self-imposed quarantine or better hygiene, shorter durations of infectiousness or longer immunity. We here focus on the scenario of an endemic disease of which members of the population can be either aware or unaware, and consider a broad set of possible reactions. We quantify the impact on the endemicity of a disease in a well-mixed population under the variation of different disease parameters as a consequence of growing awareness in the population. Applying a pair-closure scheme allows us to analyse the effect of local correlations if aware individuals tend to occur near infected cases, and to link this to the amount of overlap between the networks underlying the spread of awareness and disease, respectively. Lastly, we study the consequences on the dynamics when the pathogen and awareness spread at different velocities.
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Anderson B, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Dereli H, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Di Bernardo G, Dormody M, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gaggero D, Gargano F, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Mazziotta MN, McConville W, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nolan PL, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rodriguez AY, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Sellerholm A, Sgrò C, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Stecker FW, Striani E, Strickman MS, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Fermi large area telescope measurements of the diffuse gamma-ray emission at intermediate galactic latitudes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:251101. [PMID: 20366246 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.251101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The diffuse galactic gamma-ray emission is produced by cosmic rays (CRs) interacting with the interstellar gas and radiation field. Measurements by the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory indicated excess gamma-ray emission greater, > or approximately equal to 1 GeV relative to diffuse galactic gamma-ray emission models consistent with directly measured CR spectra (the so-called "EGRET GeV excess"). The Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has measured the diffuse gamma-ray emission with improved sensitivity and resolution compared to EGRET. We report on LAT measurements for energies 100 MeV to 10 GeV and galactic latitudes 10 degrees < or = |b| < or = 20 degrees. The LAT spectrum for this region of the sky is well reproduced by a diffuse galactic gamma-ray emission model that is consistent with local CR spectra and inconsistent with the EGRET GeV excess.
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Abdo A, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood W, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring M, Bastieri D, Baughman B, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bignami G, Blandford R, Bloom E, Bonamente E, Borgland A, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett T, Caliandro G, Cameron R, Camilo F, Caraveo P, Carlson P, Casandjian J, Cecchi C, Çelik Ö, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung C, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cognard I, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky L, Conrad J, Corbet R, Cutini S, Dermer C, Desvignes G, de Angelis A, de Luca A, de Palma F, Digel S, Dormody M, do Couto e Silva E, Drell P, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan S, Focke W, Frailis M, Freire P, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier I, Grondin MH, Grove J, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hanabata Y, Harding A, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hobbs G, Hughes R, Jóhannesson G, Johnson A, Johnson R, Johnson T, Johnson W, Johnston S, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocian M, Kramer M, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette M, Lubrano P, Madejski G, Makeev A, Manchester R, Marelli M, Mazziotta M, McConville W, McEnery J, McLaughlin M, Meurer C, Michelson P, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev A, Monte C, Monzani M, Morselli A, Moskalenko I, Murgia S, Nolan P, Norris J, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes J, Paneque D, Panetta J, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter T, Rainò S, Rando R, Ransom S, Ray P, Razzano M, Rea N, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester L, Rodriguez A, Romani R, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson P, Scargle J, Schalk T, Sgrò C, Siskind E, Smith D, Smith P, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stappers B, Starck JL, Striani E, Strickman M, Suson D, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer J, Thayer J, Theureau G, Thompson D, Thorsett S, Tibaldo L, Torres D, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher T, Van Etten A, Vasileiou V, Venter C, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite A, Wallace E, Wang P, Watters K, Webb N, Weltevrede P, Winer B, Wood K, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. A Population of Gamma-Ray Millisecond Pulsars Seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Science 2009; 325:848-52. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Helder EA, Vink J, Bassa CG, Bamba A, Bleeker JAM, Funk S, Ghavamian P, van der Heyden KJ, Verbunt F, Yamazaki R. Measuring the Cosmic-Ray Acceleration Efficiency of a Supernova Remnant. Science 2009; 325:719-22. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1173383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Anderson B, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bignami GF, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Celik O, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Luca A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Dormody M, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Gwon C, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Marelli M, Mazziotta MN, McConville W, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Porter TA, Primack JR, Rainò S, Rando R, Ray PS, Razzano M, Rea N, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Van Etten A, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Watters K, Winer BL, Wolff MT, Wood KS, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Detection of 16 gamma-ray pulsars through blind frequency searches using the Fermi LAT. Science 2009; 325:840-4. [PMID: 19574346 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pulsars are rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars emitting radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Although there are more than 1800 known radio pulsars, until recently only seven were observed to pulse in gamma rays, and these were all discovered at other wavelengths. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) makes it possible to pinpoint neutron stars through their gamma-ray pulsations. We report the detection of 16 gamma-ray pulsars in blind frequency searches using the LAT. Most of these pulsars are coincident with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, and many are associated with supernova remnants. Direct detection of gamma-ray pulsars enables studies of emission mechanisms, population statistics, and the energetics of pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants.
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Battelino M, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogaert G, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Carlson P, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Di Bernardo G, do Couto E Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Focke WB, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gaggero D, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grasso D, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hartman RC, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Massai MM, Mazziotta MN, McConville W, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Moretti E, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pohl M, Porter TA, Profumo S, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Schalk TL, Sellerholm A, Sgrò C, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Stephens TE, Strickman MS, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Van Etten A, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wallace E, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Measurement of the cosmic ray e+ +e- spectrum from 20 GeV to 1 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:181101. [PMID: 19518855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.181101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Designed as a high-sensitivity gamma-ray observatory, the Fermi Large Area Telescope is also an electron detector with a large acceptance exceeding 2 m;{2} sr at 300 GeV. Building on the gamma-ray analysis, we have developed an efficient electron detection strategy which provides sufficient background rejection for measurement of the steeply falling electron spectrum up to 1 TeV. Our high precision data show that the electron spectrum falls with energy as E-3.0 and does not exhibit prominent spectral features. Interpretations in terms of a conventional diffusive model as well as a potential local extra component are briefly discussed.
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Arimoto M, Asano K, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Band DL, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Battelino M, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellardi F, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bhat PN, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogaert G, Bogart JR, Bonamente E, Bonnell J, Borgland AW, Bouvier A, Bregeon J, Brez A, Briggs MS, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Burrows D, Busetto G, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Ceccanti M, Cecchi C, Celotti A, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Connaughton V, Conrad J, Costamante L, Cutini S, DeKlotz M, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Dingus BL, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Evans PA, Fabiani D, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Finke J, Fishman G, Focke WB, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Goldstein A, Granot J, Greiner J, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Haller G, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hernando Morat JA, Hoover A, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kavelaars A, Kawai N, Kelly H, Kennea J, Kerr M, Kippen RM, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kocian ML, Komin N, Kouveliotou C, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Lande J, Landriu D, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lavalley C, Lee B, Lee SH, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lichti GG, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Marangelli B, Mazziotta MN, McBreen S, McEnery JE, McGlynn S, Meegan C, Mészáros P, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Minuti M, Mirizzi N, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Moretti E, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nelson D, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paciesas WS, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Perri M, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Pinchera M, Piron F, Porter TA, Preece R, Rainò S, Ramirez-Ruiz E, Rando R, Rapposelli E, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Rea N, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Reyes LC, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Schalk TL, Segal KN, Sgrò C, Shimokawabe T, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stamatikos M, Starck JL, Stecker FW, Steinle H, Stephens TE, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tagliaferri G, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Tenze A, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Turri M, Tuvi S, Usher TL, van der Horst AJ, Vigiani L, Vilchez N, Vitale V, von Kienlin A, Waite AP, Williams DA, Wilson-Hodge C, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wu XF, Yamazaki R, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Fermi Observations of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from GRB 080916C. Science 2009; 323:1688-93. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1169101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Feldman BM, Funk S, Lundin B, Doria AS, Ljung R, Blanchette V. Musculoskeletal measurement tools from the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG). Haemophilia 2008; 14 Suppl 3:162-9. [PMID: 18510537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogaert G, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Carlson P, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, Davis DS, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Dormody M, do Couto E Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Farnier C, Focke WB, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Hartman RC, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Kanai Y, Kanbach G, Katagiri H, Kawai N, Kerr M, Kishishita T, Kiziltan B, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Komin N, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Lonjou V, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Makeev A, Marelli M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, McGlynn S, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mineo T, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nolan PL, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piano G, Pieri L, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Ray PS, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Parkinson PMS, Schalk TL, Sellerholm A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Thorsett SE, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Usher TL, Van Etten A, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Wang P, Watters K, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yasuda H, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope discovers the pulsar in the young galactic supernova remnant CTA 1. Science 2008; 322:1218-21. [PMID: 18927355 DOI: 10.1126/science.1165572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Energetic young pulsars and expanding blast waves [supernova remnants (SNRs)] are the most visible remains after massive stars, ending their lives, explode in core-collapse supernovae. The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has unveiled a radio quiet pulsar located near the center of the compact synchrotron nebula inside the supernova remnant CTA 1. The pulsar, discovered through its gamma-ray pulsations, has a period of 316.86 milliseconds and a period derivative of 3.614 x 10(-13) seconds per second. Its characteristic age of 10(4) years is comparable to that estimated for the SNR. We speculate that most unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources associated with star-forming regions and SNRs are such young pulsars.
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Funk S, Hokkanen B, Nurkic T, Goering J, Kadossov E, Burghaus U, Ghicov A, Schmuki P, Yu ZQ, Thevuthasan S, Saraf LV. Reactivity Screening of Anatase TiO 2 Nanotubes Array and Anatase Thin Films: A Surface Chemistry Point of View. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2008-0996.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Feldman BM, Aledort L, Bullinger M, Delaney FM, Doria AS, Funk S, Giangrande P, Lundin B, Manco-Johnson M, Miners A, Scriba PC, Srivastava A, Schramm W, Blanchette VS. The economics of haemophilia prophylaxis: governmental and insurer perspectives. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL PROPHYLAXIS STUDY GROUP (IPSG) SYMPOSIUM. Haemophilia 2007; 13:745-9. [PMID: 17850325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kadossov E, Funk S, Burghaus U. CO Adsorption on FeO x Nanoclusters Supported on HOPG—Effect of Oxide Formation on Catalytic Activity. Catal Letters 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-007-9303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ringler M, Klar TA, Schwemer A, Susha AS, Stehr J, Raschke G, Funk S, Borowski M, Nichtl A, Kürzinger K, Phillips RT, Feldmann J. Moving nanoparticles with Raman scattering. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:2753-7. [PMID: 17696403 DOI: 10.1021/nl0712466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We show how to change optically the distance between two protein-linked gold nanoparticles by Raman-induced motion of the linker protein. Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy of the coupled-particle plasmon allows us to compare the inter-nanoparticle distance of individual protein-linked gold nanoparticle dimers before and after surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We find that low-intensity (50 microW/microm2) laser light in resonance with the nanoparticle-dimer plasmon provokes a change of the inter-nanoparticle distance on the order of 0.5 nm whenever SERS from the proteins connecting the nanoparticles can be observed.
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Funk S, Burghaus U. CO Oxidation on Anatase TiO2 Nanotubes Array and the Effect of Defects. Catal Letters 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-007-9161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Funk S, Hokkanen B, Burghaus U, Ghicov A, Schmuki P. Unexpected adsorption of oxygen on TiO2 nanotube arrays: influence of crystal structure. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:1091-4. [PMID: 17375963 DOI: 10.1021/nl062797j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present kinetics data of O2, n/iso-butane, CO2, and CO adsorbed at ultrahigh vacuum conditions on TiO2 nanotube (TiNTs) arrays produced by electrochemical anodization; amorphous and polycrystalline (anatase and mixed anatase/rutile) TiNTs have been studied addressing structure-activity relationships. Oxygen distinctly interacts with the TiNTs, whereas this process is not observed on fully oxidized TiO2 single crystals. Both molecularly and atomically bonded oxygen have been observed. Variations in the binding energies of alkanes were also detected.
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Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bellazzini R, Bogart JR, Bogaert G, Bonamente E, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Borgland AW, Bruel P, Caliandro GA, Cecchi C, Ceglie FP, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, do Couto e Silva E, Dubois R, Conrad J, Dumora D, Favuzzi C, Fewtrell Z, Focke WB, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Godfrey GL, Kelly HM, Grove E, Karlsson N, Kocian M, Kuss M, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Mazzenga G, Mazziotta MN, Minori M, Minuti M, Mizuno T, Moiseev A, Mongelli M, Monte C, Nuss E, Omodei N, Paneque D, Pepe M, Pinchera M, Piron F, Pontoni C, Prest M, Rainò S, Rando R, Reposeur T, Reyes LC, Rochester LS, Sacchetti A, Scolieri G, Sgrò C, Smith DA, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Takahashi H, Vallazza E, Ylinen T. Preliminary results of the LAT Calibration Unit beam tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2757300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Brown AM, Bühler R, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Coignet G, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Ferrero E, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Funk S, Funk S, Füßling M, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khélifi B, Komin N, Konopelko A, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masterson C, Maurin G, McComb TJL, Moulin E, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Ranchon S, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sol H, Spangler D, Spanier F, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ, Ward M. Fast Variability of TeraElectron Volt γ Rays from the Radio Galaxy M87. Science 2006; 314:1424-7. [PMID: 17068224 DOI: 10.1126/science.1134408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10(12) eV) gamma-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the gamma-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV gamma rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Breitling F, Brown AM, Bühler R, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Ferrero E, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Funk S, Funk S, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Khélifi B, Komin N, Konopelko A, Kosack K, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lohse T, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masterson C, McComb TJL, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schwanke U, Sol H, Spangler D, Spanier F, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Théoret CG, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ, Ward M. HESS observations of the galactic center region and their possible dark matter interpretation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:221102. [PMID: 17155788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.221102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of gamma rays from the source HESS J1745-290 in the Galactic Center (GC) region with the High Energy Spectroscopic System (HESS) array of Cherenkov telescopes in 2004 is presented. After subtraction of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the GC ridge, the source is compatible with a point source with spatial extent less than 1.2;{'}(stat) (95% C.L.). The measured energy spectrum above 160 GeV is compatible with a power law with photon index of 2.25+/-0.04(stat)+/-0.10(syst) and no significant flux variation is detected. It is finally found that the bulk of the very high energy emission must have non-dark-matter origin.
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Hilliard P, Funk S, Zourikian N, Bergstrom BM, Bradley CS, McLimont M, Manco-Johnson M, Petrini P, van den Berg M, Feldman BM. Hemophilia joint health score reliability study. Haemophilia 2006; 12:518-25. [PMID: 16919083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Measurement of joint health is critically important when assessing children with haemophilia. Few measures exist; they lack sensitivity to small changes, don't account for normal development and were never formally validated. To address these concerns, the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) was developed by modifying existing scores. OBJECTIVE To test the inter-observer and test-retest reliability of the HJHS. METHODS Using a fully factorial design, four physiotherapists (from Canada, the United States and Sweden) examined eight boys with severe haemophilia A on two consecutive days using the HJHS. The boys ranged in age from 4-12 years and presented with variable joint damage. Six index joints (elbows, knees and ankles) were assessed on 11 impairment items including swelling, flexion and extension loss and gait. Concordance was measured by the intra-class correlation co-efficient. RESULTS Reliability of the HJHS was excellent with an inter-observer co-efficient of 0.83 and a test-retest of 0.89. CONCLUSION This study is the first in a series to assess the psychometric properties of the HJHS, a promising new measure of joint health in boys with haemophilia.
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