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He Y, Ingudam S, Reed S, Gehring A, Strobaugh TP, Irwin P. Study on the mechanism of antibacterial action of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:54. [PMID: 27349516 PMCID: PMC4924328 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO nanoparticles, with average size of 20 nm) have considerable potential as antimicrobial agents in food safety applications due to their structure, surface properties, and stability. The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial effects and mechanism of action of MgO nanoparticles against several important foodborne pathogens. Results Resazurin (a redox sensitive dye) microplate assay was used for measuring growth inhibition of bacteria treated with MgO nanoparticles. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of MgO nanoparticles to 104 colony-forming unit/ml (CFU/ml) of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Enteritidis were determined to be 0.5, 1 and 1 mg/ml, respectively. To completely inactivate 108−9 CFU/ml bacterial cells in 4 h, a minimal concentration of 2 mg/ml MgO nanoparticles was required for C. jejuni whereas E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis required at least 8 mg/ml nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed clear morphological changes and membrane structural damage in the cells treated with MgO nanoparticles. A quantitative real-time PCR combined with ethidium monoazide pretreatment confirmed cell membrane permeability was increased after exposure to the nanoparticles. In a cell free assay, a low level (1.1 μM) of H2O2 was detected in the nanoparticle suspensions. Consistently, MgO nanoparticles greatly induced the gene expression of KatA, a sole catalase in C. jejuni for breaking down H2O2 to H2O and O2. Conclusions MgO nanoparticles have strong antibacterial activity against three important foodborne pathogens. The interaction of nanoparticles with bacterial cells causes cell membrane leakage, induces oxidative stress, and ultimately leads to cell death.
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Dinan M, Li Y, Reed S, Cheung W. Nationwide Utilization of Cardiac Imaging in Patients Undergoing External Beam Radiation Therapy With and Without Cardiotoxic Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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He Y, Reed S, Bhunia AK, Gehring A, Nguyen LH, Irwin PL. Rapid identification and classification of Campylobacter spp. using laser optical scattering technology. Food Microbiol 2015; 47:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Harbron RW, Pearce MS, Salotti JA, McHugh K, McLaren C, Abernethy L, Reed S, O'Sullivan J, Chapple CL. Radiation doses from fluoroscopically guided cardiac catheterization procedures in children and young adults in the United Kingdom: a multicentre study. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140852. [PMID: 25654205 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gather data on radiation doses from fluoroscopically guided cardiac catheterization procedures in patients aged under 22 years at multiple centres and over a prolonged period in the UK. To evaluate and explain variation in doses. To estimate patient-specific organ doses and allow for possible future epidemiological analysis of associated cancer risks. METHODS Patient-specific data including kerma area product and screening times from 10,257 procedures carried out on 7726 patients at 3 UK hospitals from 1994 until 2013 were collected. Organ doses were estimated from these data using a dedicated dosimetry system based on Monte Carlo computer simulations. RESULTS Radiation doses from these procedures have fallen significantly over the past two decades. The organs receiving the highest doses per procedure were the lungs (median across whole cohort, 20.5 mSv), heart (19.7 mSv) and breasts (13.1 mSv). Median cumulative doses, taking into account multiple procedures, were 23.2, 22.2 and 16.7 mSv for these organs, respectively. Bone marrow doses were relatively low (median per procedure, 3.2 mSv; cumulative, 3.6 mSv). CONCLUSION Most modern cardiac catheterizations in children are moderately low-dose procedures. Technological advances appear to be the single most important factor in the fall in doses. Patients undergoing heart transplants undergo the most procedures. An epidemiological assessment of cancer risks following these procedures may be possible, especially using older data when doses were higher. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This is the first large-scale, patient-specific assessment of organ doses from these procedures in a young population.
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Palmieri C, Cleator S, Kilburn LS, Kim SB, Ahn SH, Beresford M, Gong G, Mansi J, Mallon E, Reed S, Mousa K, Fallowfield L, Cheang M, Morden J, Page K, Guttery DS, Rghebi B, Primrose L, Shaw JA, Thompson AM, Bliss JM, Coombes RC. NEOCENT: a randomised feasibility and translational study comparing neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with chemotherapy in ER-rich postmenopausal primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:581-90. [PMID: 25395314 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy is an alternative to chemotherapy for women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive early breast cancer (BC). We aimed to assess feasibility of recruiting patients to a study comparing chemotherapy versus endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with ER-rich primary BC, and response as well as translational endpoints were assessed. Patients requiring neoadjuvant therapy were randomised to chemotherapy: 6 × 3-weekly cycles FE₁₀₀C or endocrine therapy: letrozole 2.5 mg, daily for 18-23 weeks. Primary endpoints were recruitment feasibility and tissue collection. Secondary endpoints included clinical, radiological and pathological response rates, quality of life and translational endpoints. 63/80 patients approached were eligible, of those 44 (70, 95% CI 57-81) were randomised. 12 (54.5, 95% CI 32.2-75.6) chemotherapy patients showed radiological objective response compared with 13 (59.1, 95% CI 36.4-79.3) letrozole patients. Compared with baseline, mean Ki-67 levels fell in both groups at days 2-4 and at surgery [fold change: 0.24 (95% CI 0.12-0.51) and 0.24; (95% CI 0.15-0.37), respectively]. Plasma total cfDNA levels rose from baseline to week 8 [fold change: chemotherapy 2.10 (95% CI 1.47-3.00), letrozole 1.47(95% CI 0.98-2.20)], and were maintained at surgery in the chemotherapy group [chemotherapy 2.63; 95% CI 1.56-4.41), letrozole 0.95 (95% CI 0.71-1.26)]. An increase in plasma let-7a miRNA was seen at surgery for patients with objective radiological response to chemotherapy. Recruitment and tissue collection endpoints were met; however, a larger trial was deemed unfeasible due to slow accrual. Both regimens were equally efficacious. Dynamic changes were seen in Ki-67 and circulating biomarkers in both groups with increases in cfDNA and let-7a miRNA persisting until surgery for chemotherapy patients.
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Heinemann K, Moehner S, Reed S, Do Minh T. Risk of contraceptive failure and ectopic pregnancy in users of levonorgestrel-releasing and copper iuds: final results from the european active surveillance study on intrauterine devices. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reynolds SJ, Nonnenmann MW, Basinas I, Davidson M, Elfman L, Gordon J, Kirychuck S, Reed S, Schaeffer JW, Schenker MB, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T. Systematic review of respiratory health among dairy workers. J Agromedicine 2014; 18:219-43. [PMID: 23844790 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2013.797374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The dairy industry is changing on a global scale with larger, more efficient operations. The impact of this change on worker health and safety, specifically, associations between occupational lung disease and inhalation exposures, has yet to be reported in a comprehensive review of the scientific literature. Therefore, a three-tier process was used to identify information using a keyword search of online databases of scientific literature. Of the 147 citations reviewed, 52 met initial screening criteria, and 30 were included in this review. Dairy workers experience lung conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, and cancer. Recent pulmonary function studies have identified obstructive lung changes among dairy farm workers. The increased scale of dairy production with significant changes in technology and work practices has altered inhalation exposure patterns among dairy workers. The inhalation exposure in the dairy work environment may elicit differing inflammatory responses in relation to timing of initial exposure as well as to repeated exposures. Few studies have measured inhalation exposure while simultaneously assessing the impact of the exposure on lung function of dairy farm workers. Even fewer studies have been implemented to assess the impact of aerosol control technology to reduce inhalation exposure. Future research should evaluate worker exposure to aerosols through a task-based approach while utilizing novel methods to assess inhalation exposure and associated inflammatory responses. Finally, potential solutions should be developed and tested to reduce inhalation exposure to inflammatory agents and respiratory diseases in the dairy farm work environment.
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Douphrate DI, Stallones L, Lunner Kolstrup C, Nonnenmann MW, Pinzke S, Hagevoort GR, Lundqvist P, Jakob M, Xiang H, Xue L, Jarvie P, McCurdy SA, Reed S, Lower T. Work-related injuries and fatalities on dairy farm operations-a global perspective. J Agromedicine 2014; 18:256-64. [PMID: 23844792 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2013.796904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture is among the most hazardous sectors for workers globally, and dairy farming has been associated with a high risk of injury among workers in several countries. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on what is known about modern dairy farms and related injuries and fatalities in different regions of the world. As in other sectors of agriculture, fatalities appear to be associated with heavy equipment usage, whereas injuries occur at higher rates with animal production, specifically cattle and milk production. Dairy farming is associated with higher rates of injury as compared with other industrial sectors, but a lack of work-related injury reporting continues to be an issue in several countries. Worker fatality associated with heavy equipment use is not a new observation (e.g., tractors); however, manure-handling systems, livestock handling, and quad bike operation continue to be associated with worker injuries and fatalities on modern farms. Opportunities exist for improvement of safety-related equipment to reduce injury and fatality risk during worker interactions with large animals and farm equipment.
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Draper ACE, Bender JB, Firshman AM, Baird JD, Reed S, Mayhew IG, Valberg SJ. Epidemiology of shivering (shivers) in horses. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:182-7. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Draper ACE, Trumble TN, Firshman AM, Baird JD, Reed S, Mayhew IG, MacKay R, Valberg SJ. Posture and movement characteristics of forward and backward walking in horses with shivering and acquired bilateral stringhalt. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:175-81. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dang C, Feist A, Awdishu L, Reed S, Yung G. Concurrent Use of Sirolimus and Voriconazole: Assessing Long Term Safety and Dosing Strategies. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Reed S, Arnal D, Frank O, Gomez-Arnau JI, Hansen J, Lester O, Mikkelsen KL, Rhaiem T, Rosenberg PH, St Pierre M, Schleppers A, Staender S, Smith AF. National critical incident reporting systems relevant to anaesthesia: a European survey. Br J Anaesth 2013; 112:546-55. [PMID: 24318857 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical incident reporting is a key tool in the promotion of patient safety in anaesthesia. METHODS We surveyed representatives of national incident reporting systems in six European countries, inviting information on scope and organization, and intelligence on factors determining success and failure. RESULTS Some systems are government-run and nationally conceived; others started out as small, specialty-focused initiatives, which have since acquired a national reach. However, both national co-ordination and specialty enthusiasts seem to be necessary for an optimally functioning system. The role of reporting culture, definitional issues, and dissemination is discussed. CONCLUSIONS We make recommendations for others intending to start new systems and speculate on the prospects for sharing patient safety lessons relevant to anaesthesia at European level.
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Gaskin S, Pisaniello D, Edwards JW, Bromwich D, Reed S, Logan M, Baxter C. In-vitromethods for testing dermal absorption and penetration of toxic gases. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 24:70-2. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.859193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gaskin S, Pisaniello D, Edwards JW, Bromwich D, Reed S, Logan M, Baxter C. Chlorine and hydrogen cyanide gas interactions with human skin: in vitro studies to inform skin permeation and decontamination in HAZMAT incidents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 262:759-765. [PMID: 24140525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Accidental or intentional toxic gas releases may result in significant public health and psychological consequences. Management of exposed individuals during HAZMAT incidents should be risk-based and supported by a suitable scientific evidence base. There appear to be large evidence gaps in relation to dermal absorption of gases, as well as management advice for potentially exposed individuals. Chlorine and hydrogen cyanide are two common HAZMAT gases and this paper addresses the need for experimental data tailored to HAZMAT scenarios and first responders. In addition to time variations of gas concentration, the modifying effects of clothing, temperature, and oil-based sunscreen on epidermal absorption and penetration are assessed. Results for chlorine show little penetration up to 500 ppm but with small enhancing effects due to heavy cotton and oil-based sunscreen. Hydrogen cyanide up to 800 ppm shows minor penetration consistent with previous studies, with little variability in the presence of sunscreen and clothing. Practical guidelines to support the decision-making of emergency responders with regard to personal decontamination have been derived.
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Reed S, Dassonville P. Embedded Figures Performance is Modulated by an 'Analytical Tendencies' Factor within the Systemizing Trait of Autism. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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66
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Reed S, Douphrate DI, Lundqvist P, Jarvie P, McLean G, Koehncke N, Colosio C, Singh T. Occupational Health and Safety Regulations in the Dairy Industry. J Agromedicine 2013; 18:210-8. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2013.796902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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67
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Gaskin S, Pisaniello D, Edwards JW, Bromwich D, Reed S, Logan M, Baxter C. Application of skin contamination studies of ammonia gas for management of hazardous material incidents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 252-253:338-346. [PMID: 23542324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In an atmospheric HAZMAT release unprotected public dermal exposure is often of short duration, but with potential secondary exposure if not decontaminated promptly. Mass decontamination is resource intensive and needs to be justified. For many HAZMAT agents there is no evidence-base on which to provide guidance on decontamination, particularly for non-symptomatic worried well. It is important to understand the influence of street clothing and environmental and other factors. Ammonia is a common HAZMAT agent and was selected for in vitro human skin studies of absorption, penetration and off-gassing at test concentrations up to 2000 ppm, incorporating primary and secondary exposure combinations up to 60 min. Intact skin provided a good barrier to ammonia penetration. Heavy street clothing such as denim was found to act as an initial barrier to skin absorption but subsequently as a reservoir for secondary exposure, under variable temperature and humidity conditions. Rapid off-gassing was observed for lighter fabrics including polyester and cotton. The findings here have been summarized as a set of practical guidelines for emergency responders who are required to make decisions about ammonia decontamination including for non-symptomatic individuals. This evidence-based diagrammatic approach allows for specific actions based on different atmospheric ammonia concentrations and other parameters.
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Viale G, Speirs V, Bartlett J, Mousa K, Kalaitzaki E, Palmieri C, Reed S, Bliss J, Coombes R. Prognostic and Predictive Value of IHC4 and ERB1 in the Intergroup Exemestane Study (IES) - On Behalf of the Pathies Investigators. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt084.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ravichandran B, Feist A, Magana M, Reed S, Lane J, Yung G. Alpha-1 Proteinase Inhibitors Post-Lung Transplantation: A Single Center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Janicek J, Lopes MAF, Wilson DA, Reed S, Keegan KG. Hindlimb kinematics before and after laser fibrotomy in horses with fibrotic myopathy. Equine Vet J 2012:126-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li J, Valentin A, Kulkarni V, Alicea C, Kelly Beach R, Rosati M, Jalah R, Reed S, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Co-immunization with HIV Env DNA and protein elicit long-lasting strong cellular and humoral immune responses. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441394 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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72
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Lester B, Reed S, Williamson D, Dassonville P. Surround Suppression is Modulated by a "Need for Sameness" Factor Within the Systemizing Trait of Autism. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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73
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Reed S, Dassonville P. Illusion Susceptibility Indicates a Two-Factor Structure to the Systemizing Trait of Autism. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Frazee S, Dickey S, Schneller L, Robison G, Reed S, Menon D, Weber K. 10. Improving pain management in hospitalized heart failure patients. Heart Lung 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2012.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dinan M, Roberts R, Reed S, Wolever R, Abrams D, Dolor R. P04.68. Costs associated with integrative medicine interventions on chronic pain. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373798 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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