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Mitsunaga S, Iwai T, Kitajima H, Yajima Y, Ohya T, Hirota M, Mitsudo K, Aoki N, Yamashita Y, Omura S, Tohnai I. Cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema associated with dental laser treatment. Aust Dent J 2014; 58:424-7. [PMID: 24320897 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication of dental procedures. Although most cases of emphysema occur incidentally with the use of a high-speed air turbine handpiece, there have been some reports over the past decade of cases caused by dental laser treatment. Emphysema as a complication caused by the air cooling spray of a dental laser is not well known, even though dental lasers utilize compressed air just as air turbines and syringes do. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed cases of emphysema attributed to dental laser treatment that appeared in the literature between January 2001 and September 2012, and we included three such cases referred to us. Among 13 cases identified in total, nine had cervicofacial subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Compared with past reviews, the incidence of mediastinal emphysema caused by dental laser treatment was higher than emphysema caused by dental procedure without dental laser use. Eight patients underwent CO2 laser treatment and two underwent Er:YAG laser treatment. Nine patients had emphysema following laser irradiation for soft tissue incision. Dentists and oral surgeons should be cognizant of the potential risk for iatrogenic emphysema caused by the air cooling spray during dental laser treatment and ensure proper usage of lasers.
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Uchida J, Iwai T, Kabei K, Machida Y, Kuwabara N, Naganuma T, Kumada N, Nakatani T. Effects of Conversion From a Twice-Daily Tacrolimus to a Once-Daily Tacrolimus on Glucose Metabolism in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:532-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Uchida J, Iwai T, Machida Y, Kuwabara N, Kabei K, Kumada N, Nakatani T. Insulin resistance and insulin secretion in renal transplant recipients with hepatitis C. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1540-3. [PMID: 23726615 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports have suggested an association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). NODAT is a common complication after renal transplantation, and it has been associated with increased long-term morbidity and mortality. HCV-positive recipients may have abnormal glucose metabolism, even though NODAT has never been previously diagnosed. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathogenic factors responsible for glucose metabolism in a series of HCV-positive renal transplant recipients. METHODS The study population comprised 16 renal transplant patients who received their grafts from deceased or living donors with anti-HCV antibodies. HCV-negative transplant recipients were individually matched with these HCV-positive recipients by year of transplantation, sex, age, serum creatinine levels, and type of calcineurin inhibitors. None of the patients had been diagnosed with diabetes. Insulin secretion and insulin resistance were determined by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and compared between the 2 groups. Categories of glucose tolerance were defined according to World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS Glucose intolerance (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus) as assessed by OGTT was detected in 7 of the HCV-positive recipients (43.8%) and 3 of the HCV-negative recipients. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was greater in the HCV-positive recipients than in the HCV-negative recipients. The homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function was higher in the HCV-positive recipients than in the HCV-negative recipients. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of glucose intolerance tended to be higher in HCV-positive recipients. Furthermore, insulin resistance was greater and insulin secretion higher in HCV-positive recipients, which indicated that the increase in insulin secretion compensated for insulin resistance observed in these patients. However, HCV-positive renal transplant recipients may ultimately develop NODAT as this compensation diminishes with time.
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Kaneko H, Tsutsumi Y, Ohshiro M, Iwai T, Kuroda J, Horiike S, Yokota S, Taniwaki M. Up-Front Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt460.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hirota M, Sato I, Ozawa T, Iwai T, Kioi M, Mitsudo K, Tohnai I. Development of mandibular reconstruction device made of titanium fiber scaffold. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lee T, Kakuta T, Murai T, Takagi T, Iwai T, Masuda R, Iesaka Y. Association between prior aspirin use and optical coherence tomography findings in type II diabetes mellitus patients presenting with first acute coronary events. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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57
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Lee T, Kakuta T, Murai T, Takagi T, Iwai T, Masuda R, Iesaka Y. Impact of neoatherosclerosis inside the restenotic stents assessed by optical coherence tomography on cardiac troponin elevation after elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Murai T, Lee T, Iwai T, Takagi T, Masuda R, Isobe M, Kakuta T. Relationship among microvascular resistance, coronary flow, and fractional flow reserve in patients with intermediate coronary artery lesions. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yasuda I, Nakashima M, Iwai T, Isayama H, Itoi T, Hisai H, Inoue H, Kato H, Kanno A, Kubota K, Irisawa A, Igarashi H, Okabe Y, Kitano M, Kawakami H, Hayashi T, Mukai T, Sata N, Kida M, Shimosegawa T. Japanese multicenter experience of endoscopic necrosectomy for infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis: The JENIPaN study. Endoscopy 2013; 45:627-34. [PMID: 23807806 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1344027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Only a few large cohort studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic necrosectomy for infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Therefore, a multicenter, large cohort study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic necrosectomy and to examine the procedural details and follow-up after successful endoscopic necrosectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted in 16 leading Japanese institutions for patients who underwent endoscopic necrosectomy for infected WOPN between August 2005 and July 2011. The follow-up data were also reviewed to determine the long-term outcomes of the procedures. RESULTS Of 57 patients, 43 (75 %) experienced successful resolution after a median of 5 sessions of endoscopic necrosectomy and 21 days of treatment. Complications occurred in 19 patients (33 %) during the treatment period. Six patients died (11 %): two due to multiple organ failure and one patient each from air embolism, splenic aneurysm, hemorrhage from a Mallory - Weiss tear, and an unknown cause. Of 43 patients with successful endoscopic necrosectomy, recurrent cavity formation was observed in three patients during a median follow-up period of 27 months. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic necrosectomy can be an effective technique for infected WOPN and requires a relatively short treatment period. However, serious complications can arise, including death. Therefore, patients should be carefully selected, and knowledgeable, skilled, and experienced operators should perform the procedure. Further research into safer technologies is required in order to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
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Yasuda I, Nakashima M, Iwai T, Isayama H, Itoi T, Hisai H, Inoue H, Kato H, Kanno A, Kubota K, Irisawa A, Igarashi H, Okabe Y, Kitano M, Kawakami H, Hayashi T, Mukai T, Sata N, Kida M, Shimosegawa T. Japanese multicenter experience of endoscopic necrosectomy for infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis: The JENIPaN study. Endoscopy 2013. [PMID: 23807806 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1344027,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Only a few large cohort studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic necrosectomy for infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Therefore, a multicenter, large cohort study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic necrosectomy and to examine the procedural details and follow-up after successful endoscopic necrosectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted in 16 leading Japanese institutions for patients who underwent endoscopic necrosectomy for infected WOPN between August 2005 and July 2011. The follow-up data were also reviewed to determine the long-term outcomes of the procedures. RESULTS Of 57 patients, 43 (75 %) experienced successful resolution after a median of 5 sessions of endoscopic necrosectomy and 21 days of treatment. Complications occurred in 19 patients (33 %) during the treatment period. Six patients died (11 %): two due to multiple organ failure and one patient each from air embolism, splenic aneurysm, hemorrhage from a Mallory - Weiss tear, and an unknown cause. Of 43 patients with successful endoscopic necrosectomy, recurrent cavity formation was observed in three patients during a median follow-up period of 27 months. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic necrosectomy can be an effective technique for infected WOPN and requires a relatively short treatment period. However, serious complications can arise, including death. Therefore, patients should be carefully selected, and knowledgeable, skilled, and experienced operators should perform the procedure. Further research into safer technologies is required in order to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
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Hirata M, Iwai T, Ichimura M, Ikezoe R, Yokoyama T, Ugajin Y, Sato T, Iimura T, Saito Y, Shiratani A, Annaka Y, Nakashima Y, Imai T. Evaluation of the Axisymmetricity of the Central-Cell Plasma Using a Segmented Limiter on GAMMA 10. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-a16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Omura S, Iwai T, Kimizuka S, Tohnai I. Response to the comments on 'An accurate maxillary superior repositioning technique without intraoperative measurement in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery'. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 42:420-1. [PMID: 23313284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Adachi M, Iwai T, Watanuki K, Masuda G, Tohnai I. Osteomyelitis of the jaws associated with osteopetrosis: case report of two sisters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ors.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Okamoto Y, Hirota M, Monden Y, Murata S, Koyama C, Mitsudo K, Iwai T, Ishikawa Y, Tohnai I. High-dose zoledronic acid narrows the periodontal space in rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 42:627-31. [PMID: 23245701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the histological effects of zoledronic acid on the periodontal space in rats. 40 male Wistar rats were divided into three zoledronic acid groups and a control group. Zoledronic acid was injected subcutaneously at doses of 10, 50, or 500 μg/kg once a week for 3 weeks. The rats were killed 1 or 9 weeks after the last injection. Histological examination of the periodontal space around the incisor tooth revealed that zoledronic acid did not inhibit tooth development. In the rats killed 1 week after treatment discontinuation, the periodontal space gradually narrowed in response to increasing zoledronic acid doses, and the changes were statistically significant according to ANOVA but not according to ANOVA with post hoc tests. The changes persisted in the high-dose zoledronic acid group despite zoledronic acid discontinuation, with significant differences identified by ANOVA and ANOVA with post hoc tests. Therefore, although zoledronic acid had an insignificant effect on tooth development, it had a significant effect on the periodontal space when high doses were administered. The results of this experiment may provide useful information for future investigations on the role of zoledronic acid in the osteonecrosis of the jaw.
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Machida Y, Uchida J, Kuwabara N, Kabei K, Koyama Y, Tachibana H, Naganuma T, Iwai T, Kumada N, Nakatani T. Once Daily Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus in de Novo Renal Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience. Transplantation 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201211271-01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Uchida J, Machida Y, Iwai T, Kuwabara N, Kabei K, Kumada N, Nakatani T. Glucose Intolerance Is Associated with Increased Intimal Medial Thickness of the Carotid Artery and Increased Pulse Wave Velocity in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201211271-01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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67
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Uchida J, Machida Y, Iwai T, Kuwabara N, Kabei K, Kumada N, Nakatani T. Glucose Intolerance Is Associated with Increased Intimal Medial Thickness of the Carotid Artery and Increased Pulse Wave Velocity in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201211271-00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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68
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Furugaki K, Iwai T, Moriya Y, Fujimoto-Ouchi K. Loss of Amplified Egfr Gene with Mutation as a Novel Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Egfr-Tkis in Egfr Mutated Nsclc Cells. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Sasaki-Hamada S, Okada S, Ito K, Iwai T, Oka JI. Immunohistochemical determination of the site of hypotensive effects of glucagon-like peptide-2 in the rat brain. Neuroscience 2012; 212:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maegawa J, Hosono M, Tomoeda H, Tosaki A, Kobayashi S, Iwai T. Net Effect of Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis on Volume Reduction of Peripheral Lymphoedema after Complex Decongestive Physiotherapy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 43:602-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Uchida J, Kuwabara N, Machida Y, Iwai T, Naganuma T, Kumada N, Nakatani T. Conversion of Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients From a Twice-Daily Prograf to a Once-Daily Tacrolimus Formulation: A Short-Term Study on its Effects on Glucose Metabolism. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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72
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Kida M, Miyazawa S, Iwai T, Ikeda H, Takezawa M, Kikuchi H, Watanabe M, Imaizumi H, Koizumi W. Endoscopic management of malignant biliary obstruction by means of covered metallic stents: primary stent placement vs. re-intervention. Endoscopy 2011; 43:1039-44. [PMID: 21971926 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Recent progress in chemotherapy has prolonged the survival of patients with malignant biliary strictures, leading to increased rates of stent occlusion. Occlusion of covered metallic stents now occurs in about half of all patients with malignant biliary strictures. The removal of metallic stents followed by placement of a second stent has been attempted, but outcomes remain controversial. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the primary placement and secondary placement (re-intervention) of covered metallic stents and to assess the feasibility and safety of stent removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 186 patients with unresectable malignant biliary strictures who underwent primary stent placement between October 2001 and March 2010. Covered biliary self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) were removed in 39 of these patients, and 36 underwent re-intervention. The patency times, occlusion rates of the first stent and re-intervention, success rates of stent removal, and complications were investigated. RESULTS Covered SEMSs were placed in 186 patients. The median patency time of the first stent was 352 days. Stent occlusion occurred in 48.9 % of the patients and was mainly caused by debris or food residue (37 %), dislocation (19 %), and migration with hyperplasia (19 %). Stent removal was attempted in 50 patients and was successful without complication in 39 (78 %). Most of the patients in whom stent removal was unsuccessful had migration with hyperplasia. The median patency time of the second stent was 263 days. The stent patency time did not significantly differ between the first and the second stent. CONCLUSIONS Covered SEMSs could be safely removed at the time of stent occlusion. Patency rates were similar for initial stent placement and re-intervention.
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Mitsudo K, Yamamoto N, Shigetomi T, Koizumi T, Iwai T, Tohnai I. P185. Thermochemoradiotherapy using superselective intra-arterial infusion via a superficial temporal artery and an occipital artery for N3 cervical lymph node metastases of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shigematsu H, Yasuda K, Sasajima T, Takano T, Miyata T, Ohta T, Tanemoto K, Obitsu Y, Iwai T, Ozaki S, Ogihara T, Morishita R. Transfection of human HGF plasmid DNA improves limb salvage in Buerger's disease patients with critical limb ischemia. INT ANGIOL 2011; 30:140-149. [PMID: 21427651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatocyte growth factor is a potent angiogenic agent. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA encoding the human hepatocyte growth factor gene in Japanese patients with Buerger's disease and critical limb ischemia. METHODS An open-label clinical study was performed at eight hospitals in Japan from May 2004 to April 2008. Ten patients were enrolled. They had Buerger's disease with ischemic ulcers, were not candidates for revascularization, and were unresponsive to conventional drug therapy. Treatment consisted of 8 injections (total dose: 4 mg) of hepatocyte growth factor plasmid, which were administered into the calf muscles and/or distal thigh muscles of the ischemic limbs under ultrasound guidance. Administration was done twice at an interval of 4 weeks. If there was no improvement after 2 doses, a 3rd dose could be administered. The response to treatment was evaluated from the reduction of ischemic ulcer size. RESULTS The size of ischemic ulcers showed a decrease in 6/9 (66.7%) patients and the ulcers healed completely in 5/9 (55.6%) patients after gene therapy. Major amputation was not required. There were no deaths and no major safety concerns. CONCLUSION Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy is safe and effective for critical limb ischemia in patients with Buerger's disease.
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Ikegami D, Iwai T, Ryo S, Gu N, Sugiyama T, Oh I, Yoshikawa H, Tsumaki N. Identification of small molecular compounds and fabrication of its aqueous solution by laser-ablation, expanding primordial cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:233-41. [PMID: 21094690 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The discovery of small molecular compounds that expand cartilage is needed. We searched for small molecular compounds that expand cartilage or enhance the actions of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) on cartilage. DESIGN Metatarsal primordial cartilage explants prepared from 14.5 days postcoitum (d.p.c.) mouse embryos were organ-cultured in the presence or absence of BMPs and/or 4-(5-Benzol[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-4-pyrldin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzamide hydrate (BPIB) and its related molecules. The perichondrium was removed from some of the cartilage explants by partial digestion with collagenase. BPIB aqueous solution was prepared by fragmenting BPIB crystals in water with laser irradiation and then added to cartilage explants in organ culture. RESULTS We found that small molecular compounds, BPIB, available as SB431542 from Sigma and its related molecules, expand primordial cartilage explants in organ culture. These molecules are transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitors, and the addition of excess TGF-β reduced cartilage expansion induced by these molecules. The co-administration of BPIB and BMPs synergistically expanded cartilage explants. Removal of the perichondrium abolished BIPB-induced cartilage expansion but not BMP-induced cartilage-expansion, suggesting that BPIB, but not BMPs, expands cartilage through the perichondrium. Furthermore, we used the laser-ablation technique to generate BPIB aqueous solution in the presence of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) without the use of hazardous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The laser-ablation-generated BPIB aqueous solution was more stable, expanded cartilage explants more effectively than BPIB colloidal solution prepared with DMSO, and synergistically enhanced BMP-induced cartilage expansion. CONCLUSIONS A small molecular compound, BPIB, expands primordial cartilage explants. A BPIB aqueous solution was created by laser-ablation without using DMSO and proved to be biologically active.
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