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Lu X, Lee H, Park T, Ronning F, Bauer ED, Thompson JD. Heat-capacity measurements of energy-gap nodes of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeIrIn5 deep inside the pressure-dependent dome structure of its superconducting phase diagram. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:027001. [PMID: 22324705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.027001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use heat-capacity measurements as a function of field rotation to identify the nodal gap structure of CeIrIn(5) at pressures to 2.05 GPa, deep inside its superconducting dome. A fourfold oscillation in the heat capacity at 0.3 K is observed for all pressures, but with its sign reversed between 1.50 and 0.90 GPa. On the basis of recent theoretical models for the field-angle-dependent specific heat, all data, including the sign reversal, imply a d(x(2)-y(2)) order parameter with nodes along [110], which constrains theoretical models of the pairing mechanism in CeIrIn(5).
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Kang B, Moon T, Park T, Lee J, Ko M, Lee M. 2.151 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A PATTERN IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR KOREAN STROKE PATIENTS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ko M, Park T, Lee J, Kang B, Moon T, Choi J, Choi T, Lee M. 2.152 INTEROBSERVER RELIABILITY OF PULSE DIAGNOSIS USING TRADITIONAL KOREAN MEDICINE FOR STROKE PATIENTS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Cho WH, Park T, Park YY, Huh JW, Lim CM, Koh Y, Song DK, Hong SB. Clinical significance of enzymatic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) assay data in patients with sepsis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:1805-10. [PMID: 22167258 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been suggested to serve as a useful prognostic marker for sepsis. However, existing LPC assays are complicated, time-consuming, and of limited application in real clinical situations. Thus, we investigated the serum LPC levels in sepsis patients using an enzymatic assay and analyzed the correlations between the serum LPC concentration and clinical characteristics. We prospectively collected blood samples from suspected sepsis patients, commencing on day 1 of sepsis. We analyzed all samples using an enzymatic assay. Additionally, we analyzed the serum LPC concentrations in a control group of 21 healthy blood donors. A total of 105 patients who fulfilled the sepsis criteria were included. The mean serum LPC concentration was 43.49 ± 33.09 μmol/L in sepsis patients, which was much lower than that of 21 healthy controls (234.68 ± 30.33 μmol/L, p<0.001). Bacteremic sepsis was associated with a lower serum LPC concentration than non-bacteremic sepsis (34.8 ± 26.85 vs. 49.05 ± 35.63 μmol/L, p<0.05). No difference in serum LPC concentration was evident between survivors and non-survivors. The serum LPC concentration tended to decrease with the severity of sepsis. The day 1 serum LPC concentration was decreased in patients with sepsis, especially when bacteremia was present. However, the serum LPC level did not correlate with disease severity and did not predict mortality from sepsis.
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Yang X, Ing Koh RY, Chee Tay BT, Ho Siah KT, Donchin Y, Park T. Clinical shift handoffs in Singapore: A three-phase prospective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1071181311551161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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56
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Mansur D, Leonard J, Smyth M, Park T, Limbrick D, King A, Michalski J, Hollander A, Rubin J. 853 poster PEDIATRIC INTRACRANIAL EPENDYMOMA: OUTCOME AND PATTERNS OF FAILURE FOLLOWING POST-OPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Le-bail A, Dessev T, Jury V, Zuniga R, Park T, Pitroff M. Energy demand for selected bread making processes: Conventional versus part baked frozen technologies. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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59
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Chia EEM, Talbayev D, Zhu JX, Yuan HQ, Park T, Thompson JD, Panagopoulos C, Chen GF, Luo JL, Wang NL, Taylor AJ. Ultrafast pump-probe study of phase separation and competing orders in the underdoped (Ba,K)Fe2As2 superconductor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:027003. [PMID: 20366619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.027003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of quasiparticle relaxation dynamics in the high-temperature superconductor (Ba,K)Fe2As2 in optimally doped, underdoped, and undoped regimes. In the underdoped sample, spin-density wave (SDW) order forms at approximately 85 K, followed by superconductivity at approximately 28 K. We find the emergence of a normal-state order that suppresses SDW at a temperature T{*} approximately 60 K and argue that this normal-state order is a precursor to superconductivity.
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Park S, Lee J, Park J, Byun I, Park T, Lee T. Characteristics of nitrogen removal and microbial distribution by application of spent sulfidic caustic in pilot scale wastewater treatment plant. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2010; 62:1440-1447. [PMID: 20861561 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Since spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) produced from petrochemical industry contains a high concentration of alkalinity and sulfide, it was expected that SSC could be used as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification. To investigate the nitrogen removal performance, a pilot scale Bardenpho process was operated. The total nitrogen removal efficiency increased as SSC dosage increased, and the highest efficiency was observed as 77.5% when SSC was injected into both anoxic tank (1) and (2). FISH analysis was also performed to shed light on the effect of SSC dosage on the distribution ratio of nitrifying bacteria and Thiobacillus denitrificans. FISH results indicated that the relative distribution ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, Nitrobacter spp., Nitrospira genus and Thiobacillus denitrificans to eubacteria varied little with the pH of the tanks, and SSC injection did not give harmful effect on nitrification efficiency. These results show that SSC can be applied as an electron donor of autotrophic denitrification to biological nitrogen removal process effectively, without any inhibitory effects to nitrifying bacteria and sulfur-utilizing denitrifying bacteria.
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Cho J, Park T, Kim J, Rhee R, Makaroun M. Prior Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Provides No Survival Benefits when the Aneurysm Ruptures. J Vasc Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim J, Park T. Dissociation of Face and Location Maintenance Working Memory Using fMRI. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Baek SH, Lee H, Brown SE, Curro NJ, Bauer ED, Ronning F, Park T, Thompson JD. NMR investigation of superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism in CaFe2As2 under pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:227601. [PMID: 19658902 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.227601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report 75As NMR measurements in CaFe2As2, made under applied pressures up to 0.83 GPa produced by a standard clamp pressure cell. Our data reveal phase segregation of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases over a range of pressures, with the AFM phase more than 90% dominant at low temperatures. In situ rf susceptibility measurements indicate the presence of superconductivity. 75As spin-lattice relaxation experiments indicate that the 75As nuclei sample the superconductivity while in the magnetically ordered environment.
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Lee S, Lee W, Shin J, Han B, Moon S, Cho S, Park T, Kim H, Han J. Sexually dimorphic gene expression in the chick brain before gonadal differentiation. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1003-15. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lee Y, Kim D, Kim C, Park T, Cho S. Rare Tumor of the Tracheobronchial Tree: Solitary Squamous Papilloma. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 57:178-9. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kisby GE, Olivas A, Park T, Churchwell M, Doerge D, Samson LD, Gerson SL, Turker MS. DNA repair modulates the vulnerability of the developing brain to alkylating agents. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009; 8:400-12. [PMID: 19162564 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurons of the developing brain are especially vulnerable to environmental agents that damage DNA (i.e., genotoxicants), but the mechanism is poorly understood. The focus of the present study is to demonstrate that DNA damage plays a key role in disrupting neurodevelopment. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the cytotoxic and DNA damaging properties of the methylating agents methylazoxymethanol (MAM) and dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and the mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents chloroethylamine (CEA) and nitrogen mustard (HN2), in granule cell neurons derived from the cerebellum of neonatal wild type mice and three transgenic DNA repair strains. Wild type cerebellar neurons were significantly more sensitive to the alkylating agents DMS and HN2 than neuronal cultures treated with MAM or the half-mustard CEA. Parallel studies with neuronal cultures from mice deficient in alkylguanine DNA glycosylase (Aag(-/-)) or O(6)-methylguanine methyltransferase (Mgmt(-/-)), revealed significant differences in the sensitivity of neurons to all four genotoxicants. Mgmt(-/-) neurons were more sensitive to MAM and HN2 than the other genotoxicants and wild type neurons treated with either alkylating agent. In contrast, Aag(-/-) neurons were for the most part significantly less sensitive than wild type or Mgmt(-/-) neurons to MAM and HN2. Aag(-/-) neurons were also significantly less sensitive than wild type neurons treated with either DMS or CEA. Granule cell development and motor function were also more severely disturbed by MAM and HN2 in Mgmt(-/-) mice than in comparably treated wild type mice. In contrast, cerebellar development and motor function were well preserved in MAM-treated Aag(-/-) or MGMT-overexpressing (Mgmt(Tg+)) mice, even as compared with wild type mice suggesting that AAG protein increases MAM toxicity, whereas MGMT protein decreases toxicity. Surprisingly, neuronal development and motor function were severely disturbed in Mgmt(Tg+) mice treated with HN2. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the type of DNA lesion and the efficiency of DNA repair are two important factors that determine the vulnerability of the developing brain to long-term injury by a genotoxicant.
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Park T, Sidorov VA, Ronning F, Zhu JX, Tokiwa Y, Lee H, Bauer ED, Movshovich R, Sarrao JL, Thompson JD. Isotropic quantum scattering and unconventional superconductivity. Nature 2008; 456:366-8. [PMID: 19020616 DOI: 10.1038/nature07431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Superconductivity without phonons has been proposed for strongly correlated electron materials that are tuned close to a zero-temperature magnetic instability of itinerant charge carriers. Near this boundary, quantum fluctuations of magnetic degrees of freedom assume the role of phonons in conventional superconductors, creating an attractive interaction that 'glues' electrons into superconducting pairs. Here we show that superconductivity can arise from a very different spectrum of fluctuations associated with a local (or Kondo-breakdown) quantum critical point that is revealed in isotropic scattering of charge carriers and a sublinear, temperature-dependent electrical resistivity. At this critical point, accessed by applying pressure to the strongly correlated, local-moment antiferromagnet CeRhIn(5), magnetic and charge fluctuations coexist and produce electronic scattering that is maximal at the optimal pressure for superconductivity. This previously unanticipated source of pairing glue opens possibilities for understanding and discovering new unconventional forms of superconductivity.
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Park T, Lee K, Jeon C, Lee S. A Case of Postoperative Bladder Rupture after Laparoscopic Sacral Colpopexy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2008.09.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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69
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Kim H, Song P, Hyun C, Moon K, Jung H, Park T. MP-2.18: Detection Rate of Malignancy in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Without Pyuria. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lashley JC, Shapiro SM, Winn BL, Opeil CP, Manley ME, Alatas A, Ratcliff W, Park T, Fisher RA, Mihaila B, Riseborough P, Salje EKH, Smith JL. Observation of a continuous phase transition in a shape-memory alloy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:135703. [PMID: 18851463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.135703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Elastic neutron-scattering, inelastic x-ray scattering, specific-heat, and pressure-dependent electrical transport measurements have been made on single crystals of AuZn and Au0.52Zn0.48. Elastic neutron scattering detects new commensurate Bragg peaks (modulation) appearing at Q =(1.33,0.67,0) at temperatures corresponding to each sample's transition temperature (TM = 64 and 45 K, respectively). Although the new Bragg peaks appear in a discontinuous manner in the Au0.52Zn0.48 sample, they appear in a continuous manner in AuZn. Surprising us, the temperature dependence of the AuZn Bragg peak intensity and the specific-heat jump near TM are in favorable accord with a continuous transition. A fit to the pressure dependence of TM suggests the presence of a critical end point in the AuZn phase diagram located at TM* = 2.7 K and p* = 3.1 GPa.
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Mendonça Ferreira L, Park T, Sidorov V, Nicklas M, Bittar EM, Lora-Serrano R, Hering EN, Ramos SM, Fontes MB, Baggio-Saitovich E, Lee H, Sarrao JL, Thompson JD, Pagliuso PG. Tuning the pressure-induced superconducting phase in doped CeRhIn5. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:017005. [PMID: 18764147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.017005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pressure- and temperature-dependent heat capacity and electrical resistivity experiments on Sn- and La-doped CeRhIn5 are reported for two samples with specific concentrations, Ce(0.90)La(0.10)RhIn5 and CeRhIn(4.84)Sn(0.16), which present the same TN=2.8 K. The obtained P-T phase diagrams for doped CeRhIn5 compared to that for the pure compound show that Sn doping shifts the diagram to lower pressures while La doping does exactly the opposite, indicating that the important energy scale to define the pressure range for superconductivity in CeRhIn5 is the strength of the on-site Kondo coupling.
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Shah A, Moreno-Walton L, Venkatram S, Park T. A Novel Method for Measuring Central Venous Pressure to Facilitate Early Goal Directed Therapy in the Emergency Department. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Usher K, Foster K, Park T. The metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: the latest evidence and nursing guidelines for management. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2006; 13:730-4. [PMID: 17087676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2006.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of second-generation antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia has provided significant benefits for clients experiencing this disorder. While they have been found effective in reducing psychotic symptoms, there is evidence that these drugs are also linked with a group of side effects commonly known as the metabolic syndrome. Mental health nurses are well positioned to prevent, detect and/or manage the development of this problematic constellation of symptoms. Guidelines for practice can be useful in prevention and management of the syndrome and enhance nursing care of clients who are taking second-generation antipsychotics.
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Kisby GE, Standley M, Park T, Olivas A, Fei S, Jacob T, Reddy A, Lu X, Pattee P, Nagalla SR. Proteomic Analysis of the Genotoxicant Methylazoxymethanol (MAM)-Induced Changes in the Developing Cerebellum. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:2656-65. [PMID: 17022636 DOI: 10.1021/pr060126g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxicant methylazoxymethanol (MAM) is a widely used developmental neurotoxin, and its glucoside is an etiological factor for western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC). Identification of global protein expression changes that occur in response to MAM in the developing cerebellum could provide valuable insight into the potential mechanisms involved in the neurodegeneration process. We have utilized fluorescence 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), to determine the protein expression changes that occur during normal cerebellar development and in response to MAM. Three day-old postnatal C57BL/6 mice (PND3) received a single injection of MAM, and the cerebella of postnatal day 4 (PND4) and day 22 (PND22) were analyzed. Approximately, 1400 unique spots were matched and quantified in all samples. Comparison of PND4 and PND22 developing cerebellum showed that a significant fraction of the proteome (approximately 68%) changes at this stage. The immediate response of the developing cerebellum to MAM was minimal (approximately 10%). However, significant differences (27%) were noted 14 days after MAM exposure. In contrast, the transcriptome changes were more pronounced at 24 h compared to 14 days. MAM targeted several proteins networks including transport (e.g., alpha-synuclein), cytoskeletal (e.g., beta-tubulin, vimentin), and mitochondrial (e.g., Atp5b) proteins. Immunochemistry confirmed several of the changes in protein expression (alpha-synuclein). Comparison with gene expression changes revealed that the temporal changes observed in the transcriptome and proteome are not correlative. These studies demonstrate for the first time the potential networks involved during neuronal development and neurodegenerative processes that are perturbed by MAM.
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Park HK, Oh SY, Kim TB, Bahn JW, Shin ES, Lee JE, Oh HB, Kim YK, Park T, Cho SH, Min KU, Kim YY. Association of genetic variations in neurokinin-2 receptor with enhanced cough sensitivity to capsaicin in chronic cough. Thorax 2006; 61:1070-5. [PMID: 16893949 PMCID: PMC2117043 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.054429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cough is associated with increased sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin, and both tachykinins and their receptors play important roles in the cough reflex. However, associations between polymorphisms of the tachykinin receptor genes and cough sensitivity in patients with non-productive chronic cough have not been reported. METHODS Direct sequencing was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for the neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-2 receptors (NK-1R and NK-2R, respectively). Informative non-synonymous SNPs were scored using the single base extension method for 312 patients with chronic cough and for 100 age matched healthy controls. The cough response to capsaicin was recorded for 312 patients with chronic cough, and the potential genetic association between cough sensitivity to capsaicin and the NK-1R and NK-2R genotypes was evaluated. RESULTS Two informative SNPs were identified in NK-2R (Gly231Glu and Arg375His), whereas no informative SNP was found in NK-1R. After adjusting for atopy, sex, age, and smoking, the prevalence of enhanced cough sensitivity to capsaicin was higher in the chronic cough patients with the 231Glu allele (p = 0.004; OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.42)) and the 231Glu_375Arg haplotype (p = 0.003; OR 1.71 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.24)). Moreover, the lowest capsaicin concentration to cause five consecutive coughs (C5) was significantly lower in patients with 231Glu (mean (SD) 44.1 (53.2) v 60.9 (55.8) microM/l, p = 0.04) and those with 231Glu_375Arg (43.2 (52.7) v 69.6 (52.0) microM/l, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that NK-2R gene polymorphisms are involved in the enhanced cough sensitivity to capsaicin of patients with chronic cough.
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