51
|
Berry TM, Defraeye T, Nicolaї̈ BM, Opara UL. Multiparameter Analysis of Cooling Efficiency of Ventilated Fruit Cartons using CFD: Impact of Vent Hole Design and Internal Packaging. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
52
|
Mphahlele RR, Caleb OJ, Fawole OA, Opara UL. Effects of different maturity stages and growing locations on changes in chemical, biochemical and aroma volatile composition of 'Wonderful' pomegranate juice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1002-9. [PMID: 25809070 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the changes in chemical attributes of pomegranate fruit such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, pH, individual compounds (organic acids and sugars) and volatile composition as affected by fruit maturity status and growing location (Kakamas, Koedoeshoek and Worcester in South Africa). Headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for volatile analysis. RESULTS A significant increase in TSS from 14.7 ± 0.6 to 17.5 ± 0.6 °Brix was observed with advancement in fruit maturity, while TA decreased from 2.1 ± 0.7 to 1.1 ± 0.3 g citric acid per 100 mL across all agro-climatic locations investigated. Fruit TSS/TA ratio and pH increased from 7.8 ± 2.6 to 16.6 ± 2.8 and from 3.3 ± 0.1 to 3.6 ± 0.2 respectively during fruit maturation across all agro-climatic locations. Fructose and glucose concentrations increased continually with fruit maturity from 69.4 ± 4.9 to 91.1 ± 4.9 g kg(-1) and from 57.1 ± 4.7 to 84.3 ± 5.2 g kg(-1) respectively. A total of 13 volatile compounds were detected and identified, belonging to five chemical classes. The most abundant volatile in unripe and mid-ripe fruit was 1-hexanol, while 3-hexen-1-ol was highest at commercial maturity. CONCLUSION Knowledge on the impact of fruit maturity and agro-climatic locations (with different altitudes) on biochemical and aroma volatile attributes of pomegranate fruit provides a useful guide for selecting farm location towards improving fruit quality and the maturity stage best for juice processing.
Collapse
|
53
|
Pathare PB, Berry TM, Opara UL. Changes in moisture content and compression strength during storage of ventilated corrugated packaging used for handling apples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pacres-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated the effects of cold storage (−0.5∘C at 90% RH) on the mechanical performance of ‘MK4’ ventilated packaging used for handling pome fruit. The packages were stored over a period of 43 days. Compression strength of packages was measured by Lansmont squeezer compression testing machine on day 2, 4, 6 and 8 and then weekly over 6 weeks. The effect of storage duration on package moisture content and compression strength was also examined. Maximum compressive strength was reduced from 7351 to 3872 N after 2 days of storage. The package compressive strength decreased with an increase in moisture content. Average compression strength was observed to decrease by 618 N per one percent increase in moisture content. Pseudo first order kinetic model could satisfactorily analyse the adsorption of water by corrugated package with coefficient of determination of 0.9816 and standard error of 0.2554. Relationship between package compression strength with change in moisture during storage showed good correlation.
Collapse
|
54
|
Magwaza LS, Opara UL, Cronje PJR, Landahl S, Ortiz JO, Terry LA. Rapid methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds in citrus rinds. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 4:4-10. [PMID: 26788305 PMCID: PMC4708637 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds in citrus rinds are time consuming. Rapid methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds were developed by comparing three extraction solvent combinations (80:20 v/v ethanol:H2O; 70:29.5:0.5 v/v/v methanol:H2O:HCl; and 50:50 v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO):methanol) for effectiveness. Freeze-dried, rind powder was extracted in an ultrasonic water bath at 35°C for 10, 20, and 30 min. Phenolic compound quantification was done with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with diode array detector. Extracting with methanol:H2O:HCl for 30 min resulted in the optimum yield of targeted phenolic acids. Seven phenolic acids and three flavanone glycosides (FGs) were quantified. The dominant phenolic compound was hesperidin, with concentrations ranging from 7500 to 32,000 μg/g DW. The highest yield of FGs was observed in samples extracted, using DMSO:methanol for 10 min. Compared to other extraction methods, methanol:H2O:HCl was efficient in optimum extraction of phenolic acids. The limit of detection and quantification for all analytes were small, ranging from 1.35 to 5.02 and 4.51 to 16.72 μg/g DW, respectively, demonstrating HPLC quantification method sensitivity. The extraction and quantification methods developed in this study are faster and more efficient. Where speed and effectiveness are required, these methods are recommended.
Collapse
|
55
|
Opara UL, Caleb OJ, Uchechukwu-Agua AD. Evaluating the Impacts of Selected Packaging Materials on the Quality Attributes of Cassava Flour (cvs. TME 419 and UMUCASS 36). J Food Sci 2015; 81:C324-31. [PMID: 26720296 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of packaging materials (plastic bucket, low density polyethylene [LDPE] bags and paper bags) on quality attributes of the flour of 2 cassava cultivars (TME 419 and UMUCASS 36) stored at 23 ± 2 °C and 60% relative humidity (RH) were investigated for 12 wk. Cassava flour from each package type was evaluated for proximate composition, physicochemical properties and microbial growth at 4-wk intervals. Total color difference (∆E) of both cassava flour cultivars increased with storage duration. Flour packed in plastic bucket had the lowest change in color (3.2 ± 0.42) for cv. "TME 419ˮ and (4.1 ± 0.87) for cv. "UMUCASS 36ˮ at the end of week 12. Total carotenoid decreased across all treatment, and after the 12 wk storage, the highest total carotenoid retention (1.7 ± 0.02 and 2.0 ± 0.05 μg/mL) was observed in flour packed in plastic bucket. However, cassava flour in paper bag had the lowest microbial count of 3.4 ± 0.03 and 3.4 ± 0.08 log cfu/g for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and fungi, respectively.
Collapse
|
56
|
Hussein Z, Caleb OJ, Jacobs K, Manley M, Opara UL. Effect of perforation-mediated modified atmosphere packaging and storage duration on physicochemical properties and microbial quality of fresh minimally processed ‘Acco’ pomegranate arils. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
57
|
Uchechukwu-Agua AD, Caleb OJ, Manley M, Opara UL. Effects of storage conditions and duration on physicochemical and microbial quality of the flour of two cassava cultivars (TME 419 and UMUCASS 36). CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2015.1029524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
58
|
Uchechukwu-Agua AD, Caleb OJ, Opara UL. Postharvest Handling and Storage of Fresh Cassava Root and Products: a Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-015-1478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
59
|
O' L, Grady N, Sigge GO, Caleb OJ, Opara UL. Effects of water dipping of whole fruit on the microbial quality of minimally processed pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils during cold storage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1504/ijpti.2015.072435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
60
|
Arendse E, Fawole OA, Opara UL. Effects of postharvest handling and storage on physiological attributes and quality of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.): a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1504/ijpti.2015.072441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
61
|
Arendse E, Fawole OA, Opara UL. Discrimination of Pomegranate Fruit Quality by Instrumental and Sensory Measurements during Storage at Three Temperature Regimes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
62
|
Magwaza LS, Landahl S, Cronje PJ, Nieuwoudt HH, Mouazen AM, Nicolaï BM, Terry LA, Opara UL. The use of Vis/NIRS and chemometric analysis to predict fruit defects and postharvest behaviour of ‘Nules Clementine’ mandarin fruit. Food Chem 2014; 163:267-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
63
|
O’Grady L, Sigge G, Caleb OJ, Opara UL. Bioactive compounds and quality attributes of pomegranate arils (Punica granatum L.) processed after long-term storage. Food Packag Shelf Life 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
64
|
O'Grady L, Sigge G, Caleb O, Opara UL. Effects of storage temperature and duration on chemical properties, proximate composition and selected bioactive components of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
65
|
Arendse E, Fawole OA, Opara UL. Influence of storage temperature and duration on postharvest physico-chemical and mechanical properties of pomegranate fruit and arils. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2014.900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
66
|
Defraeye T, Lambrecht R, Delele MA, Tsige AA, Opara UL, Cronjé P, Verboven P, Nicolai B. Forced-convective cooling of citrus fruit: Cooling conditions and energy consumption in relation to package design. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
67
|
Ambaw A, Verboven P, Defraeye T, Tijskens E, Schenk A, Opara UL, Nicolai BM. Effect of box materials on the distribution of 1-MCP gas during cold storage: A CFD study. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
68
|
Ambaw A, Verboven P, Defraeye T, Tijskens E, Schenk A, Opara UL, Nicolai BM. Porous medium modeling and parameter sensitivity analysis of 1-MCP distribution in boxes with apple fruit. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
69
|
Chen L, Heng RL, Delele MA, Cai J, Du DZ, Opara UL. Investigation of dry powder aerosolization mechanisms in different channel designs. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
70
|
Defraeye T, Lambrecht R, Tsige AA, Delele MA, Opara UL, Cronjé P, Verboven P, Nicolai B. Forced-convective cooling of citrus fruit: Package design. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
71
|
Caleb O, Mahajan P, Al-Said FA, Opara UL. Transpiration rate and quality of pomegranate arils as affected by storage conditions. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2012.721807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
72
|
Magwaza LS, Opara UL, Terry LA, Landahl S, Cronje PJ, Nieuwoudt HH, Hanssens A, Saeys W, Nicolaï BM. Evaluation of Fourier transform-NIR spectroscopy for integrated external and internal quality assessment of Valencia oranges. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
73
|
Fawole OA, Opara UL. Harvest discrimination of pomegranate fruit: postharvest quality changes and relationships between instrumental and sensory attributes during shelf life. J Food Sci 2013. [PMID: 23815086 DOI: 10.1111/1750–3841.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Harvest maturity discrimination was carried out for "Ruby" pomegranate cultivar in simulated handling conditions for long distant supply chains. Fruit were harvested at 3 different maturities along days after full bloom (DAFB); Harvest 1 (H1) at 133 DAFB, H2 at 143 DAFB, and H3 at 157 DAFB. The effects of harvest maturity and storage duration on fruit quality attributes during a 6-wk period of cold storage (5°C, 95% RH) and subsequent 5 d of shelf life (20°C, 75% RH) were investigated. Instrumental evaluation of aril color, juice content, juice absorbance (520 nm), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acids (TA), and phytochemical components including total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were carried out. Textural properties of arils which included hardness, toughness, bioyield point, and Young's modulus were also investigated. During the shelf life period, arils from individual fruit were rated by a trained sensory panel based on appearance, taste, and texture. Relationships between the instrumental and descriptive sensory data were explored and fruit harvest maturities were discriminated using discriminant analysis. Among the attributes evaluated, TSS : TA, sweet taste, and the CIE hue angle (h°) were the most decisive attributes distinguishing the harvest maturities. The optimum time for harvesting was at 143 DAFB (H2) when fruit TSS : TA ratio was > 55, which coincided with significantly higher rating for sweet taste in fruit at H2 than at H1 and H3 during shelf life. The harvest index proposed in the current study could be used as a guide to establish a reliable harvest maturity index to assist in assuring fruit quality in consideration of long supply chains for the investigated cultivar.
Collapse
|
74
|
Caleb OJ, Mahajan PV, Manley M, Opara UL. Evaluation of parameters affecting modified atmosphere packaging engineering design for pomegranate arils. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
75
|
Fawole OA, Opara UL. Harvest discrimination of pomegranate fruit: postharvest quality changes and relationships between instrumental and sensory attributes during shelf life. J Food Sci 2013; 78:S1264-72. [PMID: 23815086 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Harvest maturity discrimination was carried out for "Ruby" pomegranate cultivar in simulated handling conditions for long distant supply chains. Fruit were harvested at 3 different maturities along days after full bloom (DAFB); Harvest 1 (H1) at 133 DAFB, H2 at 143 DAFB, and H3 at 157 DAFB. The effects of harvest maturity and storage duration on fruit quality attributes during a 6-wk period of cold storage (5°C, 95% RH) and subsequent 5 d of shelf life (20°C, 75% RH) were investigated. Instrumental evaluation of aril color, juice content, juice absorbance (520 nm), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acids (TA), and phytochemical components including total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were carried out. Textural properties of arils which included hardness, toughness, bioyield point, and Young's modulus were also investigated. During the shelf life period, arils from individual fruit were rated by a trained sensory panel based on appearance, taste, and texture. Relationships between the instrumental and descriptive sensory data were explored and fruit harvest maturities were discriminated using discriminant analysis. Among the attributes evaluated, TSS : TA, sweet taste, and the CIE hue angle (h°) were the most decisive attributes distinguishing the harvest maturities. The optimum time for harvesting was at 143 DAFB (H2) when fruit TSS : TA ratio was > 55, which coincided with significantly higher rating for sweet taste in fruit at H2 than at H1 and H3 during shelf life. The harvest index proposed in the current study could be used as a guide to establish a reliable harvest maturity index to assist in assuring fruit quality in consideration of long supply chains for the investigated cultivar.
Collapse
|