Measurement of Two-Particle Correlations of Hadrons in e^{+}e^{-} Collisions at Belle

The measurement of two-particle angular correlation functions in high-multiplicity e^{+}e^{-} collisions at sqrt[s]=10.52  GeV is reported. In this study, the 89.5  fb^{-1} of hadronic e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB are used. Two-particle angular correlation functions are measured in the full relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and three units of pseudorapidity (Δη), defined by either the electron beam axis or the event-shape thrust axis, and are studied as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. The measurement in the thrust axis analysis, with mostly outgoing quark pairs determining the reference axis, is sensitive to the region of additional soft gluon emissions. No significant anisotropic collective behavior is observed with either coordinate analyses. Near-side jet correlations appear to be absent in the thrust axis analysis. The measurements are compared to predictions from various event generators and are expected to provide new constraints to the phenomenological models in the low-energy regime.

Development of a nomogram combining multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and PSA-related parameters to enhance the detection of clinically significant cancer across different region

OBJECTIVE

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among males. This study attempted to develop a clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) risk nomogram including Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score and other clinical indexes for initial prostate biopsy in light of the different prostate regions, and internal validation was further conducted.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A retrospective study was performed including 688 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided transperineal magnetic resonance imaging fusion prostate biopsy from December 2016 to July 2019. We constructed nomograms combining PI-RADS score and clinical variables (prostate-specific antigen [PSA], prostate volume (PV), age, free/total PSA, and PSA density) through univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify patients eligible for biopsy. The performance of the predictive model was evaluated by bootstrap resampling. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was appointed to quantify the accuracy of the primary nomogram model for csPCa. Calibration curves were used to assess the agreement between the biopsy specimen and the predicted probability of the new nomogram. The χ² test was also applied to evaluate the heterogeneity between fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy based on different PI-RADS scores and prostate regions.

RESULTS

A total of 320 of 688 included patients were diagnosed with csPCa. csPCa was defined as Gleason score ≥7. The ROC and concordance-index both presented good performance. The nomogram reached an AUC of 0.867 for predicting csPCa at the peripheral zone; meanwhile, AUC for transitional and apex zones were 0.889 and 0.757, respectively. Statistical significance was detected between fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy for PI-RADS score >3 lesions and lesions at the peripheral and transitional zones.

CONCLUSION

We produced a novel nomogram predicting csPCa in patients with suspected imaging according to different locations. Our results indicated that PI-RADS score combined with other clinical parameters showed a robust predictive capacity for csPCa before prostate biopsy. The new nomogram, which incorporates prebiopsy data including PSA, PV, age, and PI-RADS score, can be helpful for clinical decision-making to avoid unnecessary biopsy.

Search for a Light Higgs Boson in Single-Photon Decays of ϒ(1S) Using ϒ(2S)→π^{+}π^{-}ϒ(1S) Tagging Method

We search for a light Higgs boson (A^{0}) decaying into a τ^{+}τ^{-} or μ^{+}μ^{-} pair in the radiative decays of ϒ(1S). The production of ϒ(1S) mesons is tagged by ϒ(2S)→π^{+}π^{-}ϒ(1S) transitions, using 158×10^{6} ϒ(2S) events accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy electron-positron collider. No significant A^{0} signals in the mass range from the τ^{+}τ^{-} or μ^{+}μ^{-} threshold to 9.2  GeV/c^{2} are observed. We set the upper limits at 90% credibility level (C.L.) on the product branching fractions for ϒ(1S)→γA^{0} and A^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-} varying from 3.8×10^{-6} to 1.5×10^{-4}. Our results represent an approximately twofold improvement on the current world best upper limits for the ϒ(1S)→γA^{0}(→τ^{+}τ^{-}) production. For A^{0}→μ^{+}μ^{-}, the upper limits on the product branching fractions for ϒ(1S)→γA^{0} and A^{0}→μ^{+}μ^{-} are at the same level as the world average limits, and vary from 3.1×10^{-7} to 1.6×10^{-5}. The upper limits at 90% credibility level on the Yukawa coupling f_{ϒ(1S)} and mixing angle sinθ_{A^{0}} are also given.

MicroRNA-214-3p Ameliorates LPS-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury by Inhibiting Cathepsin B

Myocardial injury is a common complication of sepsis. MicroRNA (miRNA) miR-214-3p is protective against myocardial injury caused by sepsis, but its mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced cardiomyocyte injury is still unclear. An AC16 cell injury model was induced by LPS treatment. Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assay showed decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in LPS-treated AC16 cells. The levels of caspase- 3, Bax, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), myosin 6 (Myh6), myosin 7 (Myh7), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in LPS-treated AC16 cells, but the levels of Bcl-2 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased. MiR-214-3p was down-regulated and cathepsin B (CTSB) was upregulated in LPS-treated AC16 cells. At the same time, miR-214-3p could target CTSB and reduce its expression. We also found that a miR-214-3p mimic or CTSB silencing could significantly reduce LPSinduced apoptosis, decrease ROS, MDA, caspase-3, and Bax and increase SOD and Bcl-2. CTSB silencing could significantly reduce ANP, BNP, Myh6, and Myh7 in LPS-treated AC16 cells. The effects of CTSB silencing were reversed by a miR-214-3p inhibitor. In summary, miR-214-3p could inhibit LPSinduced myocardial injury by targeting CTSB, which provides a new idea for myocardial damage caused by sepsis.

Measurement of Differential Branching Fractions of Inclusive B→X_{u}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} Decays

The first measurements of differential branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic B→X_{u}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} decays are performed using the full Belle data set of 711  fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity at the ϒ(4S) resonance and for ℓ=e, μ. With the availability of these measurements, new avenues for future shape-function model-independent determinations of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{ub}| can be pursued to gain new insights in the existing tension with respect to exclusive determinations. The differential branching fractions are reported as a function of the lepton energy, the four-momentum-transfer squared, light-cone momenta, the hadronic mass, and the hadronic mass squared. They are obtained by subtracting the backgrounds from semileptonic B→X_{c}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} decays and other processes, and corrected for resolution and acceptance effects.

Precise Measurement of the D^{0} and D^{+} Lifetimes at Belle II

We report a measurement of the D^{0} and D^{+} lifetimes using D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+} and D^{+}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{+} decays reconstructed in e^{+}e^{-}→cc[over ¯] data recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. The data, collected at center-of-mass energies at or near the ϒ(4S) resonance, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 72  fb^{-1}. The results, τ(D^{0})=410.5±1.1(stat)±0.8(syst)  fs and τ(D^{+})=1030.4±4.7(stat)±3.1(syst)  fs, are the most precise to date and are consistent with previous determinations.

Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain and recovery after laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a randomized controlled trial

Background

To investigate the role of transmuscular quadratus lumborum block (TMQLB) for postoperative pain control, patient satisfaction and recovery in laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

Methods

Seventy-two patients aged between 18 and 70 years with an ASA I-II and scheduled for laparoscopic adrenalectomy were randomized to receive a single-shot TMQLB with 0.4 ml/kg 0.5 % ropivacaine or 0.4 ml/kg 0.9 % saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was pain on movement at 12 h after surgery evaluated by the numeric rating scale (NRS, 0–10). P-values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The secondary outcomes included pain at rest and pain on movement evaluated by the NRS, and postoperative recovery related parameters.

Results

NRS on movement at 12 h after surgery was lower in the TMQLB group compared with the control (median 2 vs. 3, p = 0.024). Intraoperative fentanyl consumption was lower in the TMQLB group (247.08 ± 63.54 vs. 285.44 ± 74.70, p = 0.022). The rate of using postoperative rescue tramadol was also lower in the TMQLB group (5.6 vs. 27.8 %, p = 0.027). Similar incidences of nausea and vomiting were observed (11.1 vs. 25 %, p = 0.220). Patient satisfaction of pain service was better in the TMQLB group (83.3 vs. 25 %, p < 0.001) with shorter time to ambulation (16.5 vs. 21 h, p = 0.004) and flatus (18.5 vs. 23.5 h, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

TMQLB showed better control of postoperative pain on movement for laparoscopic adrenalectomy with improved patients’ satisfaction of anesthesia, shorter time to ambulation and flatus.

Trial registration

This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03942237; registration date: 08/05/2019; enrollment date: 10/05/2019).

Search for B^{+}→K^{+}νν[over ¯] Decays Using an Inclusive Tagging Method at Belle II

A search for the flavor-changing neutral-current decay B^{+}→K^{+}νν[over ¯] is performed at the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric energy electron-positron collider. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 63  fb^{-1} collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance and a sample of 9  fb^{-1} collected at an energy 60 MeV below the resonance. Because the measurable decay signature involves only a single charged kaon, a novel measurement approach is used that exploits not only the properties of the B^{+}→K^{+}νν[over ¯] decay, but also the inclusive properties of the other B meson in the ϒ(4S)→BB[over ¯] event, to suppress the background from other B meson decays and light-quark pair production. This inclusive tagging approach offers a higher signal efficiency compared to previous searches. No significant signal is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction of B^{+}→K^{+}νν[over ¯] of 4.1×10^{-5} is set at the 90% confidence level.

A machine learning approach to investigate the materials science of enamel aging

Understanding aging of tooth tissues is critical to the development of patient-centric oral healthcare. Yet, the traditional methods for analyzing the composition-structure-property relationships of hard tissues have limitations when considering aging and other factors.

OBJECTIVE

To apply unsupervised machine learning tools to pursue an understanding of relationships between the composition and mechanical behavior of aging enamel.

METHODS

Molar teeth were collected from primary (age ≤ 8), young adult (24 ≤ age ≤ 46) and old adult (55 ≤ age) donors. The hardness and elastic modulus were quantified using nanoindentation as a function of distance from the Dentin Enamel Junction (DEJ) within the cervical, cuspal and inter-cuspal regions of the enamel crown. Similarly, a co-located analysis of the chemical composition and structure was performed using Raman spectroscopy. A Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) algorithm was implemented to identify multi-dimensional composition-property relationships.

RESULTS

The hardness and elastic modulus are positively correlated to crystallinity and negatively correlated with carbonate substitution. Furthermore, the effects from fluoridation on the age-dependent properties of enamel is non-linear and depends on its location. The contributions of fluoridation to the enamel properties are different in the cervical and non-cervical regions and appear to be unique within primary and senior adult teeth.

SIGNIFICANCE

Based on the findings, unsupervised learning methods can reveal complicated non-linear structure-property relationships in tooth tissues and help to understand the materials science of aging and its consequences.

Measurements of the Branching Fractions of the Semileptonic Decays Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} and the Asymmetry Parameter of Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}

Using data samples of 89.5 and 711  fb^{-1} recorded at energies of sqrt[s]=10.52 and 10.58 GeV, respectively, with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^{+}e^{-} collider, we report measurements of branching fractions of semileptonic decays Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} (ℓ=e or μ) and the CP-asymmetry parameter of Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} decay. The branching fractions are measured to be B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})=(1.31±0.04±0.07±0.38)% and B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ})=(1.27±0.06±0.10±0.37)%, and the decay parameter α_{Ξπ} is measured to be 0.63±0.03±0.01 with much improved precision compared with the current world average. The corresponding ratio B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/B(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ}) is 1.03±0.05±0.07, which is consistent with the expectation of lepton flavor universality. The first measured asymmetry parameter A_{CP}=(α_{Ξ^{-}π^{+}}+α_{Ξ[over ¯]^{+}π^{-}})/(α_{Ξ^{-}π^{+}}-α_{Ξ[over ¯]^{+}π^{-}})=0.024±0.052±0.014 is found to be consistent with zero. The first and the second uncertainties above are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise due to the uncertainty of the Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} branching fraction.

[Endoscopic lateral neck dissection via the breast and transoral approaches for papillary thyroid carcinoma: a report of 10 cases]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic lateral neck dissection via the breast and transoral approaches (ELNDBTOA) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: From February 2015 to April 2019, 10 patients with PTC (cN1b) including 1 male and 9 females aged from 22 to 53 years old received ELNDBTOA in the General Surgery Department of Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University. Total thyroidectomy, the central lymph node dissection and the selective neck dissection (levels Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were performed endoscopically via the breast approach, and then the residual lymph nodes were dissected via transoral approach. The medical records, operation time, blood loss, complications and postoperative follow-up outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical processing of clinical data of patients. Results: All cases were successfully treated with ELNDBTOA without transfer to open surgery. The average operative time was (362.5±79.7) min, the blood loss was (23.0±14.9) ml, and the postoperative hospital stay was (5.1±1.3) days. The mean number of harvested cervical lymph nodes were (34.2±25.8), and the mean number of positive lymph nodes were (6.5±4.9). Lymph nodes were dissected by the further dissection via oral approach in 6 patients and a total of 9 lateral lymph nodes were havested from 2 of the 6 patients, with 3 positive lymph nodes. Two patients had transient skin numbness in the mandibular area and recovered within two weeks. One patient developed transient hypoparathyroidism and recovered within two months. No secondary bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, chylous leakage, neck infection, permanent hypoparathyroidism or other complications were observed. The follow-up time was from 16 to 66 months with a median of 42.5 months, no tumor recurrence or metastasis occurred, and also no obvious deformity, abnormal sensation or movement in the chest, neck and mouth was observed. Conclusions: ELNBTOA is safe and feasible, with good cosmetic outcome.

Efficient hybrid method for the modal analysis of optical microcavities and nanoresonators

We propose a novel hybrid method for accurately and efficiently analyzing microcavities and nanoresonators. The method combines the marked spirit of quasinormal mode expansion approaches, e.g., analyticity and physical insight, with the renowned strengths of real-frequency simulations, e.g., accuracy and flexibility. Real- and complex-frequency simulations offer a complementarity between accuracy and computation speed, opening new perspectives for challenging inverse design of nanoresonators.

TDP-43 maintains chondrocyte homeostasis and alleviates cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent age-related disorder due to cartilage degradation. Previous studies have identified aberrant chondrocyte homeostasis under extracellular stress as a key pathological mechanism behind cartilage degradation in OA. TDP-43, a DNA/RNA-binding protein has been demonstrated to participate in processing many extracellular stress responses; however, understanding of the role of TDP-43 in OA is limited. This study aims to investigate the role of TDP-43 in chondrocyte homeostasis and cartilage degradation in OA.

METHODS

The role of TDP-43 during degradation of cartilage is examined by experimental posttraumatic OA animal models and human cartilage specimens. Cartilage degradation is assessed by histological analysis, qPCR, and Western blot. The molecular mechanisms are investigated in vitro using human primary chondrocytes.

RESULTS

TDP-43 decreases significantly in degenerated cartilage. TDP-43 concentration is positively correlated with IL-1β concentration in synovial fluid derived from OA patients (Pearson r = 0.95, CI (95%) [0.80, 0.99], P < 0.0001). Intra-articular injection of recombinant TDP-43 significantly alleviates cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling in vivo. In vitro mechanistic analyses show that TDP-43 maintains chondrocyte homeostasis under oxidative stress through regulating stress granule dynamics via G3BP1.

CONCLUSION

The present study indicates that TDP-43 maintains chondrocyte homeostasis under oxidative stress and alleviates cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, identifying TDP-43 as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of knee OA.

Unilateral lesion detected on preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy is not an appropriate indication for focal therapy in prostate cancer

PURPOSE

This study aimed to investigate if preoperative assessments of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and Magnetic resonance imaging /ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion-guided prostate biopsy could be used to guide focal therapy for prostate cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 101 prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were included. Preoperative findings included mpMRI and MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy, while postoperative whole mount pathology was based on surgical specimen.

RESULTS

Of the 101 patients preoperatively diagnosed with a unilateral tumor, postoperative whole mount pathology showed 73.27% were bilateral tumors, and 71.62% of bilateral lesions were clinically significant. Comparison between preoperative and postoperative findings, the correct rate of preoperative mpMRI on the lesion side (left or right) was only 20.79%. As for the Gleason score, the correct rate of preoperative MRI/US fusion-guided prostate pathology was 67.33%. Judging from postoperative whole mount pathology, 47.52% of patients had a unilateral clinically significant tumor, which is an indication for focal therapy.

CONCLUSION

Preoperative examinations of mpMRI and MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy cannot be used to guide focal therapy for prostate cancer.

Publication trends and hotspots in enhanced recovery after surgery: 20-year bibliometric analysis

We evaluated enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) research and used bibliometric analysis to quantitatively and qualitatively predict research hotspots through extracting relevant publications from the core collection of the Web of Science database.

Development and internal validation of a prediction model of prostate cancer on initial transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy

Background

Due to the invasiveness of prostate biopsy, a prediction model of the individual risk of a positive biopsy result could be helpful to guide clinical decision-making. Most existing models are based on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy. On the other hand, transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy (TTPB) has been reported to be more accurate in evaluating prostate cancer. The objective of this study is to develop a prediction model of the detection of high-grade prostate cancer (HGPC) on initial TTPB.

Result

A total of 1352 out of 3794 (35.6%) patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 848 of whom had tumour with Grade Group 2–5. Age, PSA, PV, DRE and f/t PSA are independent predictors of HGPC with p < 0.001. The model showed good discrimination ability (c-index 0.886) and calibration during internal validation and good clinical performance was observed through decision curve analysis. The external validation of CPCC-RC, an existing model, demonstrated that models based on TRUS-guided biopsy may underestimate the risk of HGPC in patients who underwent TTPB.

Conclusion

We established a prediction model which showed good discrimination ability and calibration in predicting the detection of HGPC by initial TTPB. This model can be used to aid clinical decision making for Chinese patients and other Asian populations with similar genomic backgrounds, after external validations are conducted to further confirm its clinical applicability.

Long non-coding RNA ADAMTS9-AS1 inhibits the progression of prostate cancer by modulating the miR-142-5p/CCND1 axis

BACKGROUND

Emerging evidence has implied the importance of long non-coding RNAs in cancer development, including prostate cancer (PCa). Bioinformatic analyses have identified that ADAMTS9-AS1 may play a role in cancer progression.

METHODS

A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure ADAMTS9-AS1 expression level at messenger RNA level. In vitro functional analyses were performed to investigate cell behaviors status under different conditions. Moreover, rescue assays were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms of ADAMTS9-AS1 in PCa progression.

RESULTS

ADAMTS9-AS1 expression is down-regulated in PCa. Forcing ADAMTS9-AS1 expression impedes PCa cell proliferation via initiating cell apoptosis. Importantly, microRNA-142-5p (miR-142-5p) mimic and small-interfering RNA targeting cyclin D1 (CCND1, si-CCND1) could attenuate the inhibitory effects of ADAMTS9-AS1 overexpression on PCa cell growth.

CONCLUSIONS

Collectively, our results indicate that ADAMTS9-AS1 suppresses PCa progression by regulating the miR-142-5p/CCND1 axis, which provides a new mechanism for the progression of PCa.

External Validation of the Extraprostatic Extension Grade on MRI and Its Incremental Value to Clinical Models for Assessing Extraprostatic Cancer

Objectives

To externally validate the extraprostatic extension (EPE) grade criteria on MRI and analyze the incremental value of EPE grade to clinical models of prostate cancer.

Methods

A consecutive 130 patients who underwent preoperative prostate MRI followed by radical prostatectomy between January 2015 to January 2020 in our institution were retrospectively enrolled. The EPE grade, Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center nomogram (MSKCCn) score for each patient were assigned. Significant clinicopathological factors in univariate and multivariate analyses were combined with EPE grade to build the Clinical + EPE grade model, and the CAPRA and MSKCCn score were also combined with EPE grade to build the CAPRA + EPE grade and MSKCCn + EPE grade model, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of these models were calculated to evaluate their diagnostic performance. Calibration and decision curve analyses were used to analyze their calibration performance and clinical utility.

Results

The AUC for predicting EPE was 0.767–0.778 for EPE grade, 0.704 for CAPRA, and 0.723 for MSKCCn. After combination with EPE grade, the AUCs of these clinical models increased significantly than using clinical models along (P < 0.05), but was comparable with using EPE grade alone (P > 0.05). The calibration curves of EPE grade, clinical models and combined models showed that these models are well-calibrated for EPE. In the decision curve analysis, EPE grade showed slightly higher net benefit than MSKCCn and CAPRA.

Conclusion

The EPE grade showed good performance for evaluating EPE in our cohort and possessed well clinical utility. Further combinations with the EPE grade could improve the diagnostic performance of clinical models.

A233 AGING AND ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY: A HIGH-RESOLUTION MANOMETRY STUDY

Background

Studies have found possible physiologic changes to esophageal motility with aging that are not currently taken into account in routine high-definition esophageal manometry (HDEM) interpretation.

Aims

We aimed to quantify the relationship between these physiologic changes and aging to improve HDEM interpretation.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records for all patients who underwent HDEM at a tertiary hospital center between January 2015 and December 2019. Inclusion criteria were patients ≥18 years with normal HDEM. Exclusion criteria were abnormal HDEM; abnormal upper digestive endoscopy or imagery. Outcomes were median integrated relaxation pressure (IRP); mean lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure; mean distal contractal integral (DCI); mean distal latency (DL); mean peristaltic break (PB) according to the v3.0 Chicago classification criteria. Data was extracted from electronic patient medical records into a database for analysis. Effect of age on outcomes was examined through univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

We identified 1917 patients with HDEM and included 790 patients with normal exams [mean age 55.8 yrs (IQR 46 – 66), 64% female]. Indications for HDEM included dysphagia (41.3%); gastroesophageal reflux disease (29.2%); chest pain (11.0%); other (13.3%). There was a statistically significant relationship between age and IRP [Coef=0.08 (95%CI 0.05 – 0.1), p&lt;0.001, R^2=0.04] as well as DCI [Coef=10.9 (95%CI 4.1 – 17.8), p=0.002, R^2=0.01] and DL [Coef=-0.01 (95%CI -0.02 – -0.002), p=0.01, R^2=0.008]. No statistically significant relationship was found between age and LES pressure [Coef=0.03 (95%CI -0.01 – 0.08), p=0.16] or PB [Coef=0.007 (95%CI -0.002 – 0.016), p=0.14]. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant relationships between IRP and age (p&lt;0.001), BMI (p=0.001), NSAID use (p=0.034), and female sex (p=0.048).

Conclusions

We found that IRP, DCI, and DL are significantly correlated with the normal aging process. Modifications could therefore be considered for normal diagnostic cutoffs for both age extremes to prevent over or under-diagnosis of motility disorders.

Funding Agencies

None

The characteristics and spatial distributions of prostate cancer in autopsy specimens

BACKGROUND

The characteristics of prostate cancer on autopsy and early-stage prostate cancer are identical. Using autopsy specimens, we analysed prostate cancer characteristics and clarified the spatial distributions of lesions.

METHOD

We obtained prostate specimens from Chinese donors without a prostate cancer diagnosis and analyzed prostate cancer pathological characteristics on autopsy by whole-mount sampling. We determined the distributions of lesions in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension included four horizontal quadrants (left-anterior, left-posterior, right-anterior, and right-posterior quadrants), the peripheral zone, and the transition zone.

RESULT

The overall positive rate of prostate cancer among 113 specimens was 35.4%. There were 73 lesions in 40 prostates with prostate cancer. The positive rates of lesions in the left-anterior, left-posterior, right-anterior, and right-posterior quadrants were 24.7% (18/73), 27.4% (20/73), 26.0% (19/73), and 21.9% (16/73), respectively. The positive rate of prostate cancer was 74% in the areas between the apex above 0.5-0.8 cm and the middle slice. There were 22 (30.1%) and 51 (69.9%) lesions in the superior and inferior half of the prostate. There were no significant differences in the median volume and Gleason grade group between the superior and inferior half (p = .876 and p = .228).

CONCLUSION

In the horizontal dimension, the positive rate of prostate cancer was consistent in the four quadrants. Prostate cancer mainly originated from the areas between the apex above 0.5-0.8 cm and the middle slice. Compared with the superior half, the inferior half of the prostate had a higher positive rate but the same lesion characteristics.