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Hamilton W, Round A, Sharp D, Peters TJ. Clinical features of colorectal cancer before diagnosis: a population-based case-control study. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:399-405. [PMID: 16106247 PMCID: PMC2361578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most colorectal cancers are diagnosed after the onset of symptoms. However, the risk of colorectal cancer posed by particular symptoms is largely unknown, especially in unselected populations like primary care. This was a population-based case–control study in all 21 general practices in Exeter, Devon, UK, aiming to identify and quantify the prediagnostic features of colorectal cancer. In total, 349 patients with colorectal cancer, aged 40 years or more, and 1744 controls, matched by age, sex and general practice, were studied. The full medical record for 2 years before diagnosis was coded using the International Classification of Primary Care-2. We calculated odds ratios for variables independently associated with cancer, using multivariable conditional logistic regressions, and then calculated the positive predictive values of these variables, both individually and in combination. In total, 10 features were associated with colorectal cancer before diagnosis. The positive predictive values (95% confidence interval) of these were rectal bleeding 2.4% (1.9, 3.2); weight loss 1.2% (0.91, 1.6); abdominal pain 1.1% (0.86, 1.3); diarrhoea 0.94% (0.73, 1.1); constipation 0.42% (0.34, 0.52); abnormal rectal examination 4.0% (2.4, 7.4); abdominal tenderness 1.1% (0.77, 1.5); haemoglobin <10.0 g dl−1 2.3% (1.6, 3.1); positive faecal occult bloods 7.1% (5.1, 10); blood glucose>10 mmol l−1 0.78% (0.51, 1.1): all P<0.001. Earlier diagnosis of colorectal cancer may be possible using the predictive values for single or multiple symptoms, physical signs or test results.
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Lawrie W, Hamilton W, Spring F, Watson H. Communications - The Constitution of Butyrospernol. J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01110a617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Field JB, Toprakcioglu C, Ball RC, Stanley HB, Dai L, Barford W, Penfold J, Smith G, Hamilton W. Determination of end-adsorbed polymer density profiles by neutron reflectometry. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00027a067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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54
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Hamilton W. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Br J Gen Pract 2001; 51:1015. [PMID: 11766858 PMCID: PMC1314178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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55
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Sharp DJ, Hamilton W. Non-attendance at general practices and outpatient clinics. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 2001; 323:1081-2. [PMID: 11701560 PMCID: PMC1121587 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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56
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Brown A, Carlyle I, Clark J, Hamilton W, Gibson S, McGarry G, McEachen S, Rae D, Thorn S, Walker G. Discovery and SAR of org 24598-a selective glycine uptake inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2007-9. [PMID: 11454468 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of Org 24598, one of the first potent and selective inhibitors of the glycine transporter is discussed. In vitro structure-activity relationships (SARs) data for interaction of a ligand with this system is discussed.
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Hamilton W, Azevedo N. [Over the cuckoo's nest: memories of a former president of Funação Oswaldo Cruz]. HISTORIA, CIENCIAS, SAUDE--MANGUINHOS 2001; 8:237-264. [PMID: 11760758 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702001000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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58
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Hamilton W, Freedman KB, Haupt HM, Lackman R. Knee pain in a 40-year-old man. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001:282-5, 290-2. [PMID: 11211862 DOI: 10.1097/00003086-200102000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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59
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Biener L, Harris JE, Hamilton W. Impact of the Massachusetts tobacco control programme: population based trend analysis. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 2000; 321:351-4. [PMID: 10926595 PMCID: PMC27453 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.321.7257.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the Massachusetts tobacco control programme, which, since its start in January 1993, has spent over $200m-"the highest per capita expenditure for tobacco control in the world"-funded by an extra tax of 25 cents per pack of cigarettes. DESIGN Population based trend analysis with comparison group. SUBJECTS Adult residents of Massachusetts and other US states excluding California. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Per capita consumption of cigarettes as measured by states' sales tax records; prevalence of smoking in adults as measured by several population-based telephone surveys. RESULTS From 1988 to 1992, decline in per capita consumption of cigarettes in Massachusetts (15%) was similar to that in the comparison states (14%), corresponding to an annual decline of 3-4% for both groups. During 1992-3, consumption continued to decline by 4% in the comparison states but dropped 12% in Massachusetts in response to the tax increase. From 1993 onward, consumption in Massachusetts showed a consistent annual decline of more than 4%, whereas in the comparison states it levelled off, decreasing by less than 1% a year. From 1992, the prevalence of adult smoking in Massachusetts has declined annually by 0.43% (95% confidence interval 0.21% to 0.66%) compared with an increase of 0. 03% (-0.06% to 0.12%) in the comparison states (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings show that a strongly implemented, comprehensive tobacco control programme can significantly reduce tobacco use.
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Hamilton W. Is norethisterone a lifestyle drug? The term lifestyle is not as clear as it may seem. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 2000; 320:1605. [PMID: 10896443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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61
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Goulding C, Hamilton W. GP use of anti-D. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF FAMILY PLANNING 2000; 26:116. [PMID: 10896461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Nevo E, Beiles A, Korol AB, Robin YI, Pavlicek T, Hamilton W. Extraordinary multilocus genetic organization in mole crickets, Gryllotalpidae. Evolution 2000; 54:586-605. [PMID: 10937235 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allozymic diversity at 21 loci was analyzed in 470 individuals of three species of mole cricket superspecies, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (two new chromosomal species, G. tali and G. marismortui) and G. africana in Israel, which are distributed along a southward transect of increasing aridity. Two outstanding findings emerged in G. tali and G. marismortui: (1) genetic polymorphism was high but heterozygosity very low, indicating significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations; and (2) significant linkage disequilibria at an unprecedented level for outbreeders and remarkable intersite differences. The results may characterize subterranean gryllotalpids worldwide because a single sample of Neocurtilla hexadactyla from Tefé, Amazonia, shows the same features. Significant variation of heterozygote paucity among loci, combined with the biology of the species, rejects the simple explanation of inbreeding or any other single explanatory model. Likewise, direct selection against heterozygotes or specific multilocus associations can explain, but is not necessary nor likely to explain, the observed results in mole crickets. To explain these results, we developed a multiple-factor mathematical model combining niche viability selection, niche choice, and positive assortative mating. This model involves a special case of Wahlund effect and inbreeding. Simulations based on this model showed that a combination of these three mechanisms may produce the observed distribution of alleles, via selection on a few loci, to affect the entire genome organization.
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Hamilton W, Round A, Sharp D. Non-attendance at psychiatric outpatient clinics. Br J Gen Pract 2000; 50:151. [PMID: 10750222 PMCID: PMC1313642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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Castan-Cameo S, Johnston J, McGhee S, Lawlor D, Hanratty B, Hamilton W, Round A, Sharp D. Non-attendance at outpatients departments. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7217.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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65
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Hamilton W, Bradley N. Self regulation at work: a case study. BMJ 1999; 319:585. [PMID: 10463928 PMCID: PMC1116466 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7209.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hamilton W, Round A, Sharp D. Effect on hospital attendance rates of giving patients a copy of their referral letter: randomised controlled trial. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1999; 318:1392-5. [PMID: 10334750 PMCID: PMC27884 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether sending patients a copy of their referral letter can reduce non-attendance at outpatient departments. DESIGN Blinded randomised controlled trial. SETTING 13 general practices in Exeter, Devon. SUBJECTS 2078 new consultant referrals from 26 doctors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Non-attendance at outpatient departments. RESULTS The doctors excluded 117 (5.6%) referrals, and 100 (4.8%) received no appointment. Attendance data were available for 1857 of the 1861 patients sent an appointment (99.8%). The receipt of a copy letter had no effect on the non-attendance rate: copy 50/912 (5.5%) versus control 50/945 (5.3%). CONCLUSION Copy letters are ineffective in reducing non-attendance at outpatient departments.
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Gomes AF, Ferreira LF, Gadelha P, Hamilton W. [Haity Moussatché: a homage to the crusader of Brazilian science]. HISTORIA, CIENCIAS, SAUDE--MANGUINHOS 1998; 5:443-91. [PMID: 16676444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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68
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Hamilton W, Azevedo N, Cunha JF. [Yellow fever in Brazil: memories of a medical doctor from the Rockefeller Foundation]. HISTORIA, CIENCIAS, SAUDE--MANGUINHOS 1998; 5:733-54. [PMID: 16676459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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69
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Price J, Hamilton W. Pragmatic eradication of H. pylori. Br J Gen Pract 1997; 47:660. [PMID: 9474836 PMCID: PMC1410099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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70
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Bencardino J, Rosenberg ZS, Beltran J, Broker M, Cheung Y, Rosemberg LA, Schweitzer M, Hamilton W. MR imaging of dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997; 169:1109-12. [PMID: 9308473 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.169.4.9308473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe the MR imaging appearance of seven cases of posterior tibial tendon dislocation and subluxation. CONCLUSION Posterior tibial tendon dislocation is a rare but important entity usually related to a previous traumatic event. The clinical diagnosis is often missed because of its rarity. MR imaging provides important clues to the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of this condition.
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Hamilton W, Klostermeier T, Lim EV, Moulton JS. Surgically documented rupture of the plantaris muscle: a case report and literature review. Foot Ankle Int 1997; 18:522-3. [PMID: 9278749 DOI: 10.1177/107110079701800813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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72
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Hamilton W, Round A, Taylor P. Dictating clinic letters in front of the patient. Letting patients see copy of consultant's letter is being studied in trial. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1997; 314:1416. [PMID: 9161335 PMCID: PMC2126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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73
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Hamilton W, Round A, Taylor P, Waterston T, Humfress H, Schmidt U. Dictating clinic letters in front of the patient. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.314.7091.1416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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74
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Hamilton W, Stambough JL. Diskitis associated with transpedicular screw fixation. JOURNAL OF SPINAL DISORDERS 1996; 9:68-71. [PMID: 8727459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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75
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Winter S, Jue K, Prochazka J, Francis P, Hamilton W, Linn L, Helton E. The role of L-carnitine in pediatric cardiomyopathy. J Child Neurol 1995; 10 Suppl 2:S45-51. [PMID: 8576569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and genetic factors underlie some forms of cardiomyopathy in childhood. A variety of inborn errors of metabolism can impair mitochondrial energy production, or beta-oxidation, in the heart and lead to myocardial dysfunction. L-Carnitine, an essential element of beta-oxidation, transports fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane for energy production. L-Carnitine deficiency syndromes are now well described as secondary to a variety of inborn errors of metabolism and often include cardiomyopathy in the clinical picture. Despite traditional therapies for cardiomyopathy, mortality for this disorder remains at well over 50%. Review of reports of L-Carnitine supplementation studies and results from our own trial underscore the importance of its role in cardiac function and demonstrates that there is likely a subpopulation of patients with cardiomyopathy responsive to L-carnitine treatment.
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