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Di Biase L, Bai R, Mohanty P, Casella M, Themistoclakis S, Mohanty S, Elayi CS, Tondo C, Natale A, Ardashev AV, Rybatchenko MS, Zhelyakov EG, Konev AV, Belenkov YN, Zhao X, Zhang J, Guo X, Hu J, Lu W, Mei X, Xu X, Liao D, Qiu Z, Dai L, Shi K, Surinder K, Razali O, Zunida A, Tay GS, Asyikin SN, Azlan H, Chang D, You D, Zhang S, Gao L, Yang Y. AF Ablation I. Europace 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mei X, Nygren I, Villarreal-Barajas JE. Sci-Fri PM: Delivery - 06: Checking MLC Leaf Gap Consistency for Accurate Dynamic IMRT Delivery by Measurements of the Dosimetric Leaf Gap Using Two Methodologies. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3476194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yang Z, Chen J, Guo X, Yu X, Mei X, Zhang Q, Li J. Evaluation of the Accuracy of Tumor Bed Boost using Clips-based Electron Fields in Early-stage Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Breast Conservative Surgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Patel D, Mei X, Kerr A, Joshi CP. Poster - Wed Eve-05: Experimental Verification of Dose Calculation and Delivery for the Flexitron HDR Brachytherapy System. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3244109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kerr A, Mei X, Mok E, Bracken G, Drever L. Poster - Wed Eve-35: The Accuracy of Static and Dynamic Asymmetric Field Dose Calculations with Varian's Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3244139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Mei X, Wang W, Sun X. Blocking conversion of GABAergic inhibition as a potential mechanism of propofol-mediated brain protection following resuscitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2009.22.9.1437960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Salomons GJ, Kerr AT, Mei X, Patel D. The accuracy of MU calculations for dynamic wedge with the Varian's Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm. Med Phys 2008; 35:4289-91. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2975145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Salomons G, Kerr A, Mei X, Patel D. Poster - Thurs Eve-10: The accuracy of MU calculations for enhanced dynamic wedge with the Varian's anisotropic analytical algorithm. Med Phys 2008; 35:3403. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2965929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mei X, Bracken G, Kerr A. Poster - Thurs Eve-09: Evaluation of a commercial 2D ion-chamber array for intensity modulated radiation therapy dose measurements. Med Phys 2008; 35:3403. [PMID: 28512841 DOI: 10.1118/1.2965928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental verification of calculated dose from a treatment planning system is often essential for quality assurance (QA) of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Film dosimetry and single ion chamber measurements are commonly used for IMRT QA. Film dosimetry has very good spatial resolution, but is labor intensive and absolute dose is not reliable. Ion chamber measurements are still required for absolute dose after measurements using films. Dosimeters based on 2D detector arrays that can measure 2D dose in real-time are gaining wider use. These devices provide a much easier and reliable tool for IMRT QA. We report the evaluation of a commercial 2D ion chamber array, including its basic performance characteristics, such as linearity, reproducibility and uniformity of relative ion chamber sensitivities, and comparisons between measured 2D dose and calculated dose with a commercial treatment planning system. Our analysis shows this matrix has excellent linearity and reproducibility, but relative sensitivities are tilted such that the +Y region is over sensitive, while the -Y region is under sensitive. Despite this behavior, our results show good agreement between measured 2D dose profiles and Eclipse planned data for IMRT test plans and a few verification plans for clinical breast field-in-field plans. The gamma values (3% or 3 mm distance-to-agreement) are all less than 1 except for one or two pixels at the field edge This device provides a fast and reliable stand-alone dosimeter for IMRT QA.
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Pang G, Mei X, Rowlands JA. MO-E-L100J-03: Development of a Novel Electronic Portal Imaging Device Based On Cherenkov Radiation. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mei X, Rowlands JA, Pang G. Electronic portal imaging based on Cerenkov radiation: A new approach and its feasibility. Med Phys 2006; 33:4258-70. [PMID: 17153404 DOI: 10.1118/1.2362875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Most electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) developed so far use a Cu plate/phosphor screen to absorb x rays and convert their energies into light, and the light image is then read out. The main problem with this approach is that the Cu plate/phosphor screen must be thin (approximately 2 mm thick) in order to obtain a high spatial resolution, resulting in a low x-ray absorption or low quantum efficiency for megavoltage x rays (typically 2-4%). In addition, the phosphor screen contains high atomic number (high-Z) materials, resulting in an over-response of the detector to low-energy x rays in dosimetric verification. In this paper, we propose a new approach that uses Cerenkov radiation to convert x-ray energy absorbed by the detector into light for portal imaging applications. With our approach, a thick (approximately 10-30 cm) energy conversion layer made of a low-Z dielectric medium, such as a large-area, thick fiber-optic taper consisting of a matrix of optical fibers aligned with the incident x rays, is used to replace the thin Cu plate/phosphor screen. The feasibility of this approach has been investigated using a single optical fiber embedded in a solid material. The spatial resolution expressed by the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the sensitivity of the detector at low doses (approximately one Linac pulse) have been measured. It is predicted that, using this approach, a detective quantum efficiency of an order of magnitude higher at zero frequency can be obtained while maintaining a reasonable MTF, as compared to current EPIDs.
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Pang G, Mei X, Rowlands JA. TH-D-ValB-07: Development of a Novel High Quantum Efficiency Flat Panel Detector for Megavoltage Cone Beam CT/DT: Construction and Evaluation of a Prototype Single-Row Detector. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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63
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Mei X, Pang G. Development of high quantum efficiency, flat panel, thick detectors for megavoltage x-ray imaging: An experimental study of a single-pixel prototype. Med Phys 2005; 32:3379-88. [PMID: 16370426 DOI: 10.1118/1.2065487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Our overall goal is to develop a new generation of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) with a quantum efficiency (QE) more than an order of magnitude higher and a spatial resolution equivalent to that of EPIDs currently used for portal imaging. A novel design of such a high QE flat-panel based EPID was introduced recently and its feasibility was investigated theoretically [see Pang and Rowlands, Med. Phys. 31, 3004 (2004)]. In this work, we constructed a prototype single-pixel detector based on the novel design. Some fundamental imaging properties including the QE, spatial resolution, and sensitivity of the prototype detector were measured with a 6 MV beam. It has been shown that the experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions and further development based on the novel design including the construction of a prototype area detector is warranted.
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Mei X, Pang G. Sci-PM Sat - 02: Development of a novel high quantum efficiency flat panel detector for megavoltage cone beam CT: An experimental study. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2031061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Pang G, O’Brien P, Mei X, Tambasco M, Yeboah C, Beachey D, Rowlands J. Towards optimization of megavoltage cone-beam CT for image-guided radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mei X, Wan G, Zhou Z, Chang J, Wu H. [Effects of pyracantha fortuneana extract on blood coagulation]. ZHONG YAO CAI = ZHONGYAOCAI = JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS 2001; 24:874-6. [PMID: 11917844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the Pyracantha fortuneana extract and its defferent polar fractions on blood coagulation. METHODS AND RESULTS The Pyracantha fortuneana extract could noticeably shorten the coagulation time of glass slide in mice (P < 0.05) after oral administration, and also shorten the recalcification time and prothrombin time in vitro (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while in three polar fractions of the extract, the effects of the chloroform phase that could shorten the coagulation time of glass slide in mice(P < 0.01) after oral administration, and also shorten the recalcification time and prothrombin time in vitro (P < 0.01) are more noticeable than that of the acetic ether phase (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The petroleum ether phase has no above-mentioned effect (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The Pyracantha fortuneana extract can reduce the blood coagulation. Both the chloroform phase and the acetic ether phase of the extract have activity of blood coagulation, but the petroleum ether phase does not.
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Mei X, Gao C, Cui R. [The role of AT1 receptor and cyclin kinase inhibitor p27 protein in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of mesangial cell]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 2001; 40:609-12. [PMID: 11758242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of p27 and AT1 receptor in the hypertrophy of mesangial cell (MC) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). METHODS p27 protein of MC lysate was detected with Western blotting analysis. The degree of cultured MC hypertrophy was estimated through [3H] thymidine incorporation and [3H] leucine incorporation. The effect of reducing p27 expression on cell hypertrophy was analysed with p27 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) phosphorothioate. The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein (type IV collagen and fibronectin) of MC lysate was examined with ELISA. RESULTS Ang II stimulated p27 expression of MC cultured in normal glucose DMEM. MC stimulated by Ang II revealed hypertrophy as well as increased [3H] leucine incorporation, decreased [3H] thymidine incorporation and increased ECM. p27 antisense ODN transfection abolished the effect of Ang II mentioned above. Losartan lowered p27 level of MC stimulated by Ang II and attenuated MC hypertrophy induced by Ang II; meanwhile [3H] leucine incorporation and ECM level decreased, [3H] thymidine incorporation increased. The effect of Losartan was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION Ang II induced MC hypertrophy by increasing p27 protein level through AT1 receptor. Because the cell cycle is controlled by the interplay between the positive and negative cell cycle regulatory proteins (CCRP), further research is needed to study the expression of the positive and negative CCRP in MC in order to understand better the role of CCRP in MC hypertrophy induced by Ang II.
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Lü J, Xu S, Xu D, Mei X, Wu Z, Li B, Huang K. [The achievement of industrialized healthy aquatic breeding of hippocampus and its application prospects]. ZHONG YAO CAI = ZHONGYAOCAI = JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS 2001; 24:629-31. [PMID: 11799768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The artificial industrialized aquatic breeding of Hippocampus, which is a kind of Chinese medicinal marine material, has been achieved in the artificial aquatic breeding base of Hippocampus of Guangdong Richvast Group Company since 1983. This article reported part of the achievements of the large-scale artificial aquatic breeding experiments. The prospects for the research and application of Hippocampus as health foods and drugs were also analyzed.
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Wang C, Wu J, Mei X. Enhancement of Taxol production and excretion in Taxus chinensis cell culture by fungal elicitation and medium renewal. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 55:404-10. [PMID: 11398918 DOI: 10.1007/s002530000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic fungus, Aspergillus niger, isolated from the inner bark of a Taxus chinensis tree, was used as an elicitor to stimulate the Taxol (paclitaxel) production in a Taxus chinensis cell suspension culture. Different elicitor doses and elicitation times were tested in a batch culture; and the highest volumetric Taxol yield was achieved when 40 mg of the fungal elicitor (carbohydrate equivalent) l(-1) was added to the culture during the late exponential-growth phase. The elicitation resulted in a more than two-fold increase in the Taxol yield and about a six-fold increase in total secretion. The Taxol yield was further improved substantially by applying medium renewal and re-elicitation to the culture. In particular, with repeated medium renewal (in a way similar to medium perfusion) and a second elicitation of the culture, the volumetric Taxol yield was increased to 67.1+/-7.5 mg l(-1), which was about seven times the amount obtained in the non-elicited batch culture. The Taxol productivity of the perfusion-like culture with repeated fungal elicitation was 1.5 mg l(-1) day(-1), which was about 40% higher than that of the elicitor-treated batch culture and three times the productivity of the non-elicited batch culture.
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Wu J, Wang C, Mei X. Stimulation of taxol production and excretion in Taxus spp cell cultures by rare earth chemical lanthanum. J Biotechnol 2001; 85:67-73. [PMID: 11164964 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The trivalent ion of a rare earth element, lanthanum, was tested for elicitor-like effects on taxol production in suspension cultures of four different Taxus spp cells. In T. yunnanensis cell cultures, the lanthanum ion at concentrations from 1.15 to 23.0 microM stimulated taxol production. The lanthanum ion also promoted taxol excretion by the T. yunnanensis cells considerably. The maximum stimulation of taxol production was achieved by the addition of 5.8 microM La3+ to the culture during mid-log growth phase, increasing the volumetric taxol yield by nearly threefold, from 2.61+/-0.37 to 9.89+/-1.92 mg l(-1) over a 28 day culture period. At higher concentrations, i.e. 23.1 and 46.2 microM, however, the lanthanum ion caused significant growth inhibition. For the other three Taxus cell lines, namely an embryo and a leave cell of T. chinensis and a stem cell of T. chinensis marv, the addition of lanthanum ion to the culture only had a significant effect on taxol production by the T. chinensis marv stem cells, increasing the volumetric yield by about threefold to 4.69+/-0.76 mg l(-1). These results suggest that lanthanum has elicitor-like effects on secondary metabolite synthesis of plant cell cultures.
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Wang C, Wu J, Mei X. Enhanced taxol production and release in Taxus chinensis cell suspension cultures with selected organic solvents and sucrose feeding. Biotechnol Prog 2001; 17:89-94. [PMID: 11170485 DOI: 10.1021/bp0001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suspension culture of Taxus chinensis cells was carried out in aqueous-organic two-phase systems for the production and in situ solvent extraction of taxol (paclitaxel). Three organic solvents, hexadecane, decanol, and dibutylphthalate, were tested at 5-20% (v/v) in the culture liquid. All of these solvents stimulated taxol release and the yield per cell, though decanol and higher concentrations of the other two solvents depressed biomass growth significantly. Ten percent dibutylphthalate was the optimal solvent for improving taxol production and release with minimal cell growth inhibition. The time of solvent addition to the culture also affected taxol production, with the addition during the late-log growth phase being most favorable. By feeding sucrose to the culture near the stationary growth phase, the cell growth and taxol production period was extended from 27 to 42 days. The combining of the two-phase culture and sucrose feeding increased the taxol yield by about 6-fold compared with the single-phase batch culture, to 36.0 +/- 3.5 mg/L, with up to 63% taxol released. This study shows that in situ solvent extraction combined with nutrient feeding is an effective process strategy for production and recovery of secondary metabolites in plant cell suspension culture.
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Mei X, Sweatt AJ, Hammarback JA. Microtubule-associated protein 1 subunit expression in primary cultures of rat brain. Brain Res Bull 2000; 53:801-6. [PMID: 11179846 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1A (MAP1A) and MAP1B are developmentally regulated proteins linked to axon formation. They each consist of a unique heavy chain and three common light chains. We used immunofluorescence microscopy to qualitatively assess the variability in MAP1 subunit expression between individual cells. The ratio of light chain 1 to MAP1 heavy chain varies greatly between cells with some cells expressing MAP1A heavy chain in the apparent absence of light chain 1. The results imply the existence of MAP1 molecules that differ in light chain composition. Transfection experiments indicate that the light chains differ in microtubule binding activity and subcellular targeting activity. This further suggests that the regulation of MAP1 light chain content can control MAP1 function.
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Abstract
The MAP1B and MAP1A genes each produce an mRNA that encodes a polyprotein. When cleaved, each polyprotein yields a single heavy chain and a single light chain, which become noncovalently associated. In previous work, it was found that the MAP1B light chains and heavy chains exist in a 2:1 ratio. Through use of quantitative immunoblot techniques, this finding was further examined in the developing rat brain. MAP1B heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC1), as well as the light chain of MAP1A (LC2), were prepared in purified form for use as standards and/or immunogens for generation of antibodies for immunoblotting. Brain homogenates and microtubule-enriched fractions from developing rats were assayed for MAP1B HC and LC1 content. Results indicated that postnatal rat brain homogenates contain LC1 in a 6:1 to 8:1 molar ratio to the MAP1B HC. Purified microtubules also contain LC1 in excess of MAP1B HC, but at a ratio of 2:1. We propose that most of the excess LC1 in homogenates is either insoluble or not bound to microtubules. The findings raise the possibility of a function for the "excess" LC1 that does not require association with MAP1 HC and/or microtubules. Given a synthetic mechanism that produces MAP1B HC and LC1 in a 1:1 ratio at both transcription and translation steps, we propose that the "excess" LC1 in brain homogenates is a consequence of LC1 having a greater half-life than the MAP1B HC. Consistently with this hypothesis, a major pool of MAP1B HC is rapidly degraded after blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide, whereas LC1 levels remain constant even after 24 hr of cycloheximide treatment.
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Han X, Yan C, Chen L, Mei X. [Stable carbon isotope characteristics of some woody plants in warm temperate zone]. YING YONG SHENG TAI XUE BAO = THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY 2000; 11:497-500. [PMID: 11767664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
It was found that the delta 13C values of the foliar, trunk, flower, and fruit of some woody plants in broad-leaved forest in warm temperate zone were affected by many factors, and showed a great interspecific difference and temporal and spatial heterogeneity. The intraspecific variation of delta 13C values was also great, with the order of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla 6.549@1000(-22.226@1000(-)-28.775@1000), Fraxinus rhynchophylla 5.706@1000(-23.687@1000(-)-29.393@1000), Jugans mandshurica 5.229@1000 (-26.146@1000-31.375@1000), Quercus liaotungensis 3.333@1000 (-24.324@1000(-)-27.657@1000), Syringa pekinensis 2.414@1000(-25.655@1000(-)-28.070@1000), and Prunus armeniaca var. ansu 2.296@1000 (-23.436@1000(-)-26.432@1000). Different organs of the same species had different delta 13C values: trunk and root barks had the low, while xylem had the highest delta 13C value. According to the relationship analysis between delta 13C value of Prunus armeniaca var. ansu xylem and environment factors, it was found that delta 13C value was strongly affected by annual mean temperature and followed by annual precipitation, mean temperature and precipitation in growth season.
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Ueda H, Baba T, Terada N, Kato Y, Fujii Y, Takayama I, Mei X, Ohno S. Immunolocalization of dystrobrevin in the astrocytic endfeet and endothelial cells in the rat cerebellum. Neurosci Lett 2000; 283:121-4. [PMID: 10739890 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dystrobrevin is a newly discovered dystrophin-associated protein that is classified as alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin. Previous studies reported that dystrophin, utrophin, syntrophin and beta-dystroglycan were expressed in the cerebellum. In the present study, we examined cellular and subcellular localization of dystrobrevin in the adult rat cerebellum immunohistochemically. Confocal microscopy showed that dystrobrevin was expressed around blood vessels and under the pia mater as dystrophin, utrophin and beta-dystroglycan were. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that dystrobrevin was localized not only in the astrocytic endfeet around blood vessels and under the pia mater, but also in endothelial cells. Considering the fact that dystrobrevin possesses multiple phosphotyrosine kinase residues, these data suggest that dystrobrevin plays a role in blood-brain barrier functions as a component of the dystrophin complex.
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