[Treatment of old acetabular posterior wall fracture with 3D printing combined with composite plate internal fixation]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the application value and clinical effect of three-dimensional printing combined with composite plate internal fixation in the treatment of old acetabular posterior wall fracture.

METHODS

From May 2010 to October 2016, Mimics 19.0 software was used to plan preoperatively according to a 1:1 print pelvic 3D model. At the same time, 23 patients with old acetabular posterior wall fractures were treated with combined plate internal fixation, including 15 males and 8 females, aged 20 to 63 (43.0±5.1) years old, and the time from injury to operation was 23 to 101(47.0±10.5) days. According to Letournel-Judet classification, 11 cases were posterior wall fracture, 7 cases were transverse with posterior wall fracture, and 5 cases were posterior column with posterior wall fracture. All patients were treated with single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined plate internal fixation, and the evaluation indexes were recorded during operation, after operation and during follow-up.

RESULTS

The operation time of 23 patients was (113.5±11.5) min, bleeding was (550.0±104.7) ml and fluoroscopy was (12.7±0.8) s. Matta radiographic reduction criteria were used: excellent in 14 cases, good in 7 cases and poor in 2 cases; 23 patients were followed up for 10 to 24 (16.0±5.6) months. The hip function was evaluated according to the modified Merle d'Aubingne and Postal scoring system at the last follow-up: excellent in 11 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case. There were 3 cases of traumatic arthritis, 1 case of femoral head necrosis, 2 cases of heterotopic ossification and 5 cases of sciatic nerve irritation.

CONCLUSIONS

3D printing technique is an effective and fast method for the treatment of old acetabular posterior wall fractures. In addition, the printing model can provide three-dimensional morphological structure for the operator, combined with preoperative simulation, facilitate intraoperative reduction, and effectively improve the efficiency of surgery.

[Teleost Type 2 Interleukin-1 Receptor (IL-1R2) from the Spotted Halibut (Verasper variegatus): 3D Structure and a Role in Immune Response]

The type 2 interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R2) is one of natural IL-1β singling inhibitors in mammals. We cloned and sequenced the IL-1R2 gene in V. variegatus (VvIL-1R2). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the molecular structure VvIL-1R2 is similar to that of its orthologues in other vertebrates. The expression levels of VvIL-1R2 are relatively high in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), gill, and spleen. In addition, peculiar expression patterns for his molecule were detected at various developmental stages, implying that in flatfishes the IL-1R2 may have be important for embryonic development and metamorphosis. In PBLs, the treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induced a significant and rapid up-regulation of VvIL-1R2, pointing at its involvement in the immune responses against bacterial and viral pathogens.

[Clinical features and risk factors of hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

Objective: To explore the relative risk factors, clinical intervention and prognosis of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: From January 1 2010 to May 31 2017, 425 patients with allo-HSCT received a retrospective analysis. Results: ①Among the 425 patients, 262 were male and 163 were female. The median age was 26 (2-56) years old. There were 138 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , 96 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) , 29 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) , 98 cases of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and 64 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) . 221 cases of sibling match transplantation, 89 cases of unrelated donor transplantation and 115 cases of haplotype transplantation. ②108 patients (25.41%) developed HC, with the median time of onset of 32 (3-243) days and the median duration of 20 (3-93) days; 33 cases (30.56%) were grade Ⅰ, 49 cases of grade Ⅱ (45.36%) , 21 cases (19.44%) of grade Ⅲ, and 5 cases (4.63%) of grade Ⅳ. ③103 cases of HC were cured, 5 patients were ineffective, 12 patients died and died of transplantation related complications (infection, recurrence, severe acute GVHD, secondary implant failure) . ④Univariate analysis showed that age < 30, type of transplantation, CMV and acute GVHD were associated with the occurrence of HC after allo-HSCT. Multivariate analysis showed that acute GVHD was an independent risk factor for HC after allo-HSCT. Conclusion: Prognosis of HC after allo-HSCT was better after timely treatment.

Regulation of follicular development and differentiation by intra-ovarian factors and endocrine hormones

Primordial germ cell migration and homing within the gonadal ridge during early embryo development requires oocyte-secreted polypeptide, growth factors, growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), bone morphogenetic proteins, stem cell factor (SCF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). During embryogenesis, the germ cells migrate into developing gonads and undergo intra-ovarian development which involves the contact of primordial germ cells with other cells. Further follicular development and differentiation is tightly regulated by hormones and by intraovarian regulators. Maturation of cumulus-oocyte complexes and ovulation are directly controlled by FSH and LH and requires activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in granulosa cells. The selection of dominant follicles is driven by a series of proliferation and apoptotic events. Together, the available data suggests that follicular development is regulated both by systemic and local factors.

[Impact on platelet recovery of recombinant human thrombopoietin in severe aplastic anemia patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

目的

分析重组人血小板生成素（rhTPO）促进重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）患者异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后血小板恢复的疗效及安全性。

方法

对2010年1月至2017年3月期间85例接受allo-HSCT治疗的SAA患者进行回顾性分析。根据移植后升血小板药物的使用情况，将85例患者分为rhTPO组（29例）、rhIL-11组（27例）和空白组（29例），比较三组PLT≥20×10⁹/L、PLT≥50×10⁹/L、PLT≥100×10⁹/L的恢复时间以及移植后（25±5）d骨髓巨核细胞计数、移植期间血小板输注量，观察药物不良反应。

结果

rhTPO、rhIL-11、空白组粒细胞植入和PLT≥20×10⁹/L的中位时间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。rhTPO组PLT≥50×10⁹/L时间短于空白组[16.5（11~39）d对22（14~66）d，P<0.05]；rhTPO组PLT≥100×10⁹/L时间[23（12~51）d]短于rhIL-11组[28（12~80）d]及空白组[35（18~86）d]（P<0.05）。rhTPO组移植期间血小板输注量少于rhIL-11组及空白组[分别为20（10~30）、30（10~50）、35（10~70）U，P<0.05]。rhTPO、rhIL-11、空白组移植后（25±5）d骨髓巨核细胞中位计数分别为31.5（0~200）、12（0~142）、11（0~187）个，rhTPO组与rhIL-11组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），rhIL-11组与空白组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素分析显示，应用rhTPO是影响血小板恢复的独立影响因素[HR=4.01（95%CI 1.81~8.97），P=0.010]。rhTPO组未见明显不良反应。

结论

rhTPO可以促进SAA患者allo-HSCT后血小板恢复、减少血小板输注量，并且安全性较好。

Recent advances in the regulation of testicular germ cell tumors by microRNAs

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are generally rare but represent the most common solid tumors in young men. They are classified broadly into seminoma, which resemble primordial germ cells (PGCs), and non-seminoma, which are either undifferentiated (embryonic carcinoma) or differentiated (teratoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinomas) patterning. A widespread role for microRNAs (miRNAs), in diverse molecular processes driving initiation and progression of various types of TGCTs has been recently studied. We discuss the involvement of different miRNAs in the development and progression of different types of TGCTs. Moreover, we highlight the aberrant expression of miRNAs in TGCTs and several targets, which may define miRNAs as oncomiRs or tumor suppressors. A better understanding of miRNA biology may ultimately yield further insight into the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and new therapeutic strategies against TGCTs.

[Heterogeneity and clonal evolution in pediatric ETV6-RUNX1(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia by quantitative multigene fluorescence in situ hybridization]

目的

研究儿童ETV6-RUNX1阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）中肿瘤细胞的异质性及克隆演化情况，探讨克隆演化与预后的相关性。

方法

应用单细胞定量多基因荧光原位杂交（QM-FISH）技术对2006年2月至2011年6月收治的48例ETV6-RUNX1阳性ALL患儿的骨髓标本进行多个基因拷贝数变异的检测，并进行克隆演化分析。将4例复发患儿初诊与复发时的情况进行比较。

结果

在48例行QM-FISH检测的患儿中，初诊时为1个克隆的有34例（70.8%），2个克隆的有9例（18.8%），≥3个克隆的有5例（10.4%）。患儿的肿瘤细胞存在异质性，各亚克隆之间呈线性或树枝状演化。白血病细胞的亚克隆数与患者预后无相关性（5年总生存率：P=0.469；5年无病生存率：P=0.116）。复发克隆可能与初诊时克隆一致，也可能为新出现克隆。复发克隆为新出现克隆的患儿再次缓解时间短，预后更差。

结论

ETV6-RUNX1阳性ALL患儿肿瘤细胞存在异质性及克隆演化情况。QM-FISH有助于研究白血病细胞的克隆演化，复发克隆为新出现克隆的患儿可能预后更差。

[Clinical analysis of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-human immunodeficiency virus infection patients]

OBJECTIVE

To improve the understanding of the clinical features of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-human immunodeficiency virus (non-HIV) infection patients and reduce delay in diagnosis, or misdiagnosis.

METHODS

The clinical features, imaging characteristics, laboratory examinations, treatment and prognosis of 34 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis were retrospectively analyzed. The data were collected from Peking University First Hospital from June 1997 to June 2016.

RESULTS

There were 34 cases diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis, including 22 males and 12 females, aged from 20 to 75 years [average: (50.1±15.0) years]. There were 16 cases with host factors and (or) underlying diseases named immunocompromised group. In the study, 67.6% patients had clinical symptoms while 32.4% patients had no symptoms. The most common symptoms included cough, fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis in sequence. Common chest imaging findings were patchy infiltrates, consolidation, single or multiple nodular or masses shadows. Among the 20 cases with cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen detection, 19 were positive. Eleven cases underwent routine cerebrospinal fluid examination, and 3 cases complicated with central nervous system cryptococcal infection. At first visit, 24 cases were misdiagnosed, among which, 11 cases were misdiagnosed as lung cancer. The diagnosis of 15 cases was proved by percutaneous lung biopsy and 11 were confirmed by surgery, while 8 were diagnosed clinically. Then 11 cases were treated by surgical resection, and in median 4 years' followp, there was 1 case of recurrence. And 23 cases were treated with antifungal therapy, and in median 8 years' follow-up, 3 cases lost to the follow-up and 1 case of recurrence. Compared with normal immune group, immunocompromised patients had higher ages (P=0.017), more crackles (P=0.006) and more percentage of increase of peripheral white blood cells or neutrophils (P=0.003), but no significant difference in symptoms, imaging characteristics or hospitalization time.

CONCLUSION

There were no specific clinical symptoms and signs for pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-HIV patients. Diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis depends on pathology. Percutaneous lung biopsy was mostly recommended for clinical highly suspected patients. Cryptoeoccal capsular polysaccharide antigen detection had a high sensitivity for the clinical diagnosis. Antifungal drug therapy was the major treatment, and the prognosis of the most patients was good.

[Association of occupational stress with job burnout and depression tendency in workers in Internet companies]

Objective: To investigate the association of occupational stress with job burnout and depression tendency in workers in Internet companies. Methods: From July to November, 2016, the cross-sectional method was used to perform a questionnaire survey of 3603 workers in 35 Internet companies in Beijing, Shandong Province, and Zhejiang Province in China, and the association of occupational stress with job burnout and depression tendency was analyzed. Results: Among these workers, 63.70% had occupational stress with job demand-control (JDC) and 34.60% had occupational stress with effort-reward imbalance (ERI) ; among the workers engaged in sales, 75.63% had occupational stress with JDC and 62.70% had occupational stress with ERI. Of all workers, 10.69% had job burnout, and among the workers engaged in sales, 22.12% had job burnout. Of all workers, 18.79% had the tendency of moderate-to-severe or severe depression, and among the workers engaged in sales, 46.13% had such tendency. Occupational stress with JDC increased the risk of job burnout and depression (odds ratio[OR]=3.52 and 1.85, P<0.05) , and occupational stress with ERI also increased the risk of job burnout and depression (OR=8.24 and 5.59, P<0.05) . In addition, irregular diet and insomnia were risk factors for job burnout; age ≥41 years, low income, sales position, working time spent on the screen ≥10 hours/day, insomnia, and poor self-evaluated health status were risk factors for depression tendency. Conclusion: Occupational stress with JDC and ERI increases the risk of job burnout and depression tendency, and among the workers in Internet companies, the workers engaged in sales have the most severe occupational stress, job burnout, and depression tendency.

[Thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration washout fluid for detection of differentiated thyroid cancer lymph nodes metastases]

Objective: To investigate the feasibiity of detecting lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer patients by thyroglobin（Tg）measurement in fine-needle aspiration washout fluid. Method: Forty-seven differentiated thyroid cancer patients with cervical lymph node metastasis were included in this study. Fine-needle aspirations were performed on lymph nodes which were surgically resected for measurement of Tg in washout fluid. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were evaluated according to three predetermined Tg threshold values: FNA-Tg/serum Tg＞1, 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml. Result: The meadian value of FNA-Tg in metastatic lymph node (n=46) was 5 177 ng/ml (1.79-408 300 ng/ml)，while lymph node without metastasis (n=11) showed a meadian level of 0.63 ng/ml (0.04-125.4 ng/ml). With the threshold of FNA-Tg level at FNA-Tg/serum Tg＞1, 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml respectively, the diagnostic sensitivity was 91.3%, 97.83% and 93.48% respectively,the specificity was 81.82%,63.64% and 90.90% respectively,and the accuracy was 89.47%,91.22% and 92.98% respectively. Conclusion: Thyroglobin measurement in fine-needle aspiration washout fluid is effective to diagnose lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer.

[Impact of multiple morphological anomalies of the flagella on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection for males with infertility]

Objective: To evalute the clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) for infertility male with severe asthenospermia induced by multiple morphological anomalies of the flagella (MMAF). Methods: The clinical data of 15 patient with MMAF were retrospectively analyzed, who underwent ICSI treatment using hyponotic swelling test the "live" sperm in the Department of Reproductive Medicine of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from January 2011 to December 2016. Another 30 obstructive azoospermia (OA)patients are matched strictly who also accepted ICSI in the same treatment time. The two groups were compared in the couples'age, the body mass index(BMI), the duration of infertility, the retrieved oocytes, the number of ICSI oocytes, and the rates of fertilization, cleavage, transferrable embryos, good embryos, embryos implanted, clinical pregncncy, early abortion, singleton and twins. Results: After 27 cycles of ICSI, all of the MMAF patients achieved clinical pregnancy, including 11 cases of live birth, 2 cases of spontaneous abortion, and 2 cases of pregnancy maintenance. There were no significant difference between MMAF and OA groups in the couples'age and BMI, or the numbers of retrieved oocytes and ICSI oocytes(P>0.05), but the differences in the infertility duration had statistical meaning(P<0.001). No statistical differences were observed among groups in ICSI fertility rate(92.0% vs 91.6%), clesvage rate(95.4% vs 96.5%), high-quality embryonic rate(56.5% vs 57.5%), good blastocyst rate(23/61 vs 35/94), embryo implantation rate(20/48 vs 35/75), early abortion rate(4/19 vs 8/36), clinical pregncncy rate(15/27 vs 28/50), singleton rate (10/13 vs 20/25)and twinning rate(3/13 vs 5/25)(P>0.05). Conclusions: MMAF may not affect ICSI treatment outcomes, but genetic defects can be transmitted through ICSI. The affected couples should be informed of the necessity of prenatal genetic diagnosis before embryo implantation and the inevitable vertical transmission of genetic problems to the offspring.

[A prospective cohort study on the relationship between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and children's behavioral problems at 2 years old]

Objective: To explore the associations between maternal and prenatal depressive symptoms and children's behavioral problems at 2 years old. Methods: In the present study, a total of 491 mother-child pairs were selected from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study (S-MBCS) which was conducted in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Minhang District in Shanghai between April and December, 2012. Data from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies on Depression was gathered to assess the maternal depressive symptoms in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, as well as at 6 months and 12 months postpartum. Neurodevelopment at 2 years was assessed, using the Child Behavior Checklist. We used generalized linear models with a log-link function and a Binomial distribution to estimate the risk ratios (RRs) and 95%CIs, on children's behavioral problems at 2 years of age. Sensitivity analyses were performed among participants without postpartum depressive symptoms. Results: After adjustment on factors as maternal age, gestation week, average monthly income per person, parental education and children's gender etc., maternal depression in second trimester of pregnancy was found associated with higher risk of both developing emotional (RR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.36-4.99) and internalizing problems (RR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.22-3.08). However, maternal depression in third trimester was found to be associated with higher risks of developing emotional (RR=6.46, 95%CI: 3.09-13.53), withdrawn (RR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.16-5.02), aggressive (RR=2.93, 95%CI: 1.45-5.94), internalizing (RR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.01-3.16) or externalizing problems (RR=2.56, 95%CI:1.49-4.42). In sensitivity analysis, antenatal maternal depression was found positively associated with children's emotional, internalizing and externalizing problems and the differences all statistically significant. Conclusions: Maternal depression during pregnancy might increase the risks of children's behavioral problems. In order to decrease the incidence of children's behavioral problems and promoting both maternal and child health status, monitoring program regarding maternal mental health care should be strengthened.

[Clinical observation on LOP regimen combined with IMRT treatment for early nasal NK/T cell lymphoma]

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of the LOP regimen (L-asparaginase, vincristine, dexamethasone) combined with intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)in the treatment of early nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. Method: Clinical data of 65 patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma treated with LOP chemotherapy combined with IMRT at the Guizhou Province Tumor Hospital between March 2010 and January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 65 patients, 39 cases obtained complete remission (CR), 18 cases obtained partial remission(PR), 1 case obtained stable disease (SD), 7 cases had progressive disease(PD). The objective response rate (ORR) was 87.7%, the disease control rates (DCR) was 89.2%. The DCR was lower in the patients with B symptoms or over age of 60. Patients with super cavity obtained a worse progression-free survival(PFS). The 1-, 2-, 3-year PFS were 91.7%, 74.8% and 61.3%, the overall survival(OS) were 91.8%, 81.3% and 78.9%, respectively. Main adverse reactions were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reaction, hepatic lesion, hypoproteinemia, percutaneous reaction and oral mucosa reaction. No severe pancreatitis, severe anaphylaxis and toxic related death were observed. Conclusion: The LOP regimen combined with IMRT treatment for nasal NK/T cell lymphoma may have a good therapeutic effect, low toxicity, and good tolerance.

[Association between carotid artery plaques and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events]

Objective: To observe the association of carotid artery plaque with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Methods: A total of 7 017 participants who completed the carotid sonography examination between 2010 and 2011 were selected from the stroke and the elderly prospective cohort Kailuan study. The participants of stroke cohort received health examination between 2006 and 2007, and participants of elderly cohort received health examination between 2010 and 2011. All participants were divided into plaque group (3 285 cases) and without plaque group (3 732 cases) according to with or without carotid artery plaque.The all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the association of carotid artery plaque with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Results: (1) There were 4 297 male (61.2%) and 2 720 female (38.8%) in this cohort and participants were (58.1±11.8) years old. Age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, rates of male, smoking, drinking, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were higher in the plaque group than in the without plaque group, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in the plaque group than in the without plaque group (all P<0.01) at baseline. (2) During a follow-up period of (4.92±0.59) years, the incidence rates of all-cause mortality in the plaque group and without plaque group were 5.5% (180/3 285) and 1.5% (57/3 732) ,respectively (P<0.01) .The incidence rates of cardiovascular events in the plaque group and without plaque group were 3.8% (124/3 285) and 1.4% (52/3 732) , respectively (P<0.01) . (3) Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that carotid plaque was an independent risk factor of all-cause mortality (HR=1.667, 95%CI 1.160-2.395, P<0.01) and cardiovascular events (HR=1.942, 95%CI 1.312-2.876, P<0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, drinking, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and use of lipid-regulating drugs. Conclusion: Carotid plaque is an independent risk factor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, ChiCTR-TNC-11001489.

Modeling of Li diffusion in nanocrystalline Li-Si anode material

To quantify the Li diffusion behavior in nanocrystalline anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a hybrid model of the first principles calculation and diffusion kinetics was developed. The dependence of the Li diffusion on the electronic structure, solute concentration, grain size and temperature was described for the nanocrystalline Li-Si system. In contrast to conventional polycrystalline materials in which the activation barrier for Li diffusion decreases with the increase of concentration before amorphization, there exists a coordination effect of the solute concentration and grain size on the Li diffusion in nanocrystalline materials. A maximum diffusion coefficient can be obtained in the nanocrystalline Li-Si by a combination of the concentration and grain size, which is increased by two orders of magnitude from that in the coarse-grained counterpart. The present work advanced the understanding of the Li diffusion mechanisms during lithiation/delithiation of LIBs and may facilitate the development of nanocrystalline anode materials.

Screening of adjunct cultures and their application in ester formation in Camembert-type cheese

The ethanol content and esterase and alcohol acyltransferase activities are the limiting factors in the synthesis of ethyl esters in Camembert-type cheeses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of alcohol, esterase and alcohol acyltransferase activities on ethyl ester formation in Camembert-type cheeses. Five experimental cheeses were prepared with three adjunct cultures with different enzyme activities and two levels of ethanol content (400 or 800 μg/g). The cheeses were aged for 4 weeks and analysed weekly for basic physicochemical, textural, volatile and sensory properties. The results showed that both the enzyme activity and ethanol content were limiting factors in the synthesis of ethyl esters in the Camembert-type cheeses. Variation in the esterase synthesis activity was observed among lactic acid bacteria, and the starter culture Lactococcus lactis MA 14 LYO distinguished itself through its high acidifying and esterase hydrolysis abilities. The addition of CCFM 12, a lactic acid bacteria strain with high esterase and alcohol acyltransferase activity, along with 400 or 800 μg/g of ethanol, notably enhanced the generation of ethyl esters and the corresponding fruity flavour, without causing dramatic changes in the basic physicochemical indices and microbial profile. In addition, cohesiveness was influenced by the addition of 400 and 800 μg/g of ethanol, and more resilience with 800 μg/g of ethanol had been found. The results showed that the addition of CCFM12 with 400 and 800 μg/g of ethanol may be applied in the production of Camembert cheese to enhance its fruity flavour.

[Precision of three-dimensional printed brackets]

OBJECTIVE

This study was based on digital orthodontic diagnosis work flow for indirect bonding transfer tray model design and three-dimensional (3D) printing, and the aim of this paper was to inspect the dimensional accuracyof 3D printed brackets, which is the foundation of the follow up work and hoped that will illuminate the clinical application of the digital orthodontics work flow.

METHODS

The samples which consisted of 14 cases of patients with malocclusion from Department of Orthodontics Peking University were selected, including 8 cases with tooth extraction and 6 cases without tooth extraction. All the 14 patients were taken intra-oral scan (Trios 3Shape, Denmark) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT, NewTom 3G volumetric scanner, Aperio Service,Italy)shooting after periodontal treatment. STL data and DICOM data were obtained from intraoral scans and CBCT images.Data segmentation, registration, fusion, automatic tooth arrangement, virtual positioning of orthodontic appliance and conversion the coordinates of malocclusion model were all done with self-programming software. The data of 3D printing model with brackets on it were output finally and printed out with EDEN260V (Objet Geometries, Israel) to make indirect bonding transfer tray. Digital vernier caliper was used to measure the length and width of upper and lower left brackets and buccal tubes on those 3D models after removal of surrounding supporting material by ultrasonic vibration and water-spray. Intra-examiner reliability was assessed by using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and one-sample T test was used to compare the measurements with the standard dimensional data of the brackets.

RESULTS

There were significant differences which range in 0.04-0.17 mm between the 13 items out of the 19 measurement items. Except for the length of the lower left premolars'brackets, mean values of the other items were greater than the test value.

CONCLUSION

Although the measurement results in the width of brackets and the width and length of the buccal tubes obtained experimentally were slightly larger than the test value,this may not reduce the accuracy of indirect bonding procedure in clinic necessarily. Whether the differences which range in 0.04-0.17 mm would actually affect the retention and positioning of brackets needs to be confirmed by further studies.

[The impact of red blood cell distribution width on outcome of elective percutaneous coronary intervention in non-anemia patients]

Objective: Previous studies have revealed that the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was associated with long-term prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, they did not exclude patients with anemia. This study, thus, investigated the association between RDW and prognosis in non-anemia patients. Methods: A total of 2 732 patients underwent elective PCI from July 2009 to September 2011 were enrolled in the study. These patients were divided into two groups based on their baseline median RDW levels: low RDW group (RDW<12.1%) and high RDW group (RDW≥12.1%). All the subjects were followed up for an average period of 18 months and the associations between baseline RDW levels and postoperative mortality were analyzed. Results: Patients in the high RDW group were elder and had more women than those in low RDW group. Most of them had prior history of hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, but few of them were current smokers. Subjects in the high RDW group had higher systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol levels, and lower erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin level, estimated glomerular filtration rate level, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Moreover, more subjects in the high RDW group were combined with left main, ostial and chronic total occlusion lesion, and had a lower complete revascularization rate. The postoperative mortality was significantly higher in the high RDW group than that in the low RDW group (2.4% vs 0.6%, P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that preoperative high RDW level was an independent risk factor for postoperative mortality after adjustment of other factors (HR 3.930, 95%CI 1.600-9.656, P=0.003). Conclusion: High RDW might be a marker for the postoperative mortality in non-anemic patients undergoing elective PCI.

[Mediating role of over-commitment in the relationship between effort, reward and burnout]

Objective: To explore the mediating role of over-commitment in the relationship between occupational stressors and job burnout, and to offer more specificevidence-based information in exploring the work related health effects of over-commitment. Methods: A total of 1994 samples from electronic manufacturing service industry were collected in Guangdong province based on self-rated questionnaire after written consent from June to July, 2015. The Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Invertory-General Survey were used for the measurement of occupational stress and job burnout. And hierarchical regression and Bootstrap test were conducted for data analysis. Results: High effort (0.28, 0.24-0.33) and low reward (-0.37, -0.42--0.33) were significantly associated with high over-commitment when gender, age and position had been controlled. Standardizedregression coefficient of effort to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were 0.63 (95%CI: 0.54-0.71) 、0.18 (95%CI: 0.10-0.26) 、0.32 (95%CI: 0.21-0.43) , P<0.05; and standardized regression coefficient of reward to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were-0.60 (95%CI: -0.68--0.52) 、-0.93 (95%CI: -1.01--0.86) 、-0.46 (95%CI: -0.35--0.58) , P<0.05. Bootstrap test indicated the mediation of over-commitment were statistically significant, and mediating effect ranges from 0.093 to 0.218 (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Over-commitment can mediate the relationship between occupational stressors (job effort and reward) and burnout, and the effect varies from different workingconditions.

Discrete bisoliton fiber laser

Dissipative solitons, which result from the intricate balance between dispersion and nonlinearity as well as gain and loss, are of the fundamental scientific interest and numerous important applications. Here, we report a fiber laser that generates bisoliton – two consecutive dissipative solitons that preserve a fixed separation between them. Deviations from this separation result in its restoration. It is also found that these bisolitons have multiple discrete equilibrium distances with the quantized separations, as is confirmed by the theoretical analysis and the experimental observations. The main feature of our laser is the anomalous dispersion that is increased by an order of magnitude in comparison to previous studies. Then the spectral filtering effect plays a significant role in pulse-shaping. The proposed laser has the potential applications in optical communications and high-resolution optics for coding and transmission of information in higher-level modulation formats.

[Occupational stress in assembly line workers in electronics manufacturing service and related influencing factors]

Objective: To investigate occupational stress in assembly line workers in electronics manu-facturing service (EMS) and related influencing factors. Methods: From June to October, 2015, a cross-sectional survey was performed for 5 944 assembly line workers in EMS (observation group) and 6 270 workers from other posts (non-assembly line workers and management personnel; control group) using the self-made questionnaire for basic information, job demand-control (JDC) model questionnaire, and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model questionnaire to collect respondents' basic information and occupational stress. Results: The observation group had significantly lower work autonomy, social support, and work reward scores than the control group (2.72 ± 0.63/3.64 ± 0.68/4.06 ± 0.80 vs 3.00 ± 0.67/3.83 ± 0.68/4.24 ± 0.75, t=23.53, 15.41, and 12.70, all P<0.05) , as well as significantly higher work effort and job involvement scores than the control group (2.34±0.78/2.48±0.78 vs 2.21±0.80/2.33±0.77, t=-9.08 and-10.90, both P<0.05). The observation group had significantly higher proportions of workers with occupational stress determined by JDC and ERI models than the control group (64.5%/12.7% vs 52.6%/9.9%, χ²=182.26 and 23.41, both P<0.05). Female sex, migrant workers, working time >60 hours/week, and sleeping time <7 hours/day were major risk factors for occupational stress in JDC model; education background of Bachelor's degree or above, working time >60 hours/week, and sleeping time<7 hours/day were major risk factors for occupational stress in ERI model, while female sex and a high monthly income reduced the risk of occupational stress in ERI model. Conclusion: Assembly line workers in EMS are a relatively vulnerable group and have a high degree of occupational stress. Working time >60 hours/week and sleeping time <7 hours/day are major risk factors for occupational stress.

[Occupational stress and early health effects in migrant workers in an electronics manufacturing service enterprise]

Objective: To investigate occupational stress in migrant workers in an electronics manufacturing service enterprise and the association between occupational stress and early health effects, such as job burnout, depressive tendency, and insomnia. Methods: In August 2015, stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 1 097 migrant workers in an electronics manufacturing service enterprise. The Job Demand-Autonomy Questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire were used to investigate occupational stress with the types of high workload and effort-reward imbalance, and Burnout Inventory, depression scale, and self-management sleep questionnaire were used to investigate the early health effects of occupational stress. Results: In these migrant workers, the detection rates of occupational stress with the types of high workload and effort-reward imbalance were 69.8%(766/1 097) and 11.9%(131/1 097). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the workers who had occupational stress with the types of high workload and effort-reward imbalance had significantly higher risks of job burnout and depressive tendencies than those who did not have these two types of occupational stress (P<0.01). The workers who had occupational stress with the type of effort-reward imbalance had a significantly higher ability to predict the risks of job burnout and depressive tendencies than those who had occupational stress with the type of high workload (P<0.01) , as well as a significantly higher risk of insomnia than those who did not have this type of occupational stress (P<0.01). Conclusion: Occupational stress is the major influencing factor for early health effects, such as job burnout, depressive tendency, and insomnia, in the migrant workers in this electronics manufacturing service enterprise. The workers who have occupational stress with the type of effort-reward imbalance have higher risks of job burnout and depressive tendencies than those who have occupational stress with the type of high workload.

Correlation of acetabular chondrocyte apoptosis with caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression in developmental dislocations of the hip

This study aimed to determine whether abnormal apoptosis is present in acetabular cartilage in early developmental dislocations of the hip (DDH), and if so, whether it is correlated with the expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2. DDH was induced in 24 4-week-old New Zealand white rabbits. Acetabular cartilage specimens from the experimental and control groups were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Animals from the experimental group developed acetabular dysplasia. Apoptotic chondrocytes were observed by ultrastructural electron microscopy and H&E. TUNEL assays revealed significantly greater acetabular chondrocyte apoptosis in the treated samples as compared to the control. Significantly higher caspase-3 expression and lower Bcl-2 expression were also measured in the DDH group compared with the control. We conclude that excessive apoptosis does occur in acetabular cartilage with DDH, and is positively correlated with high caspase-3 expression as well as low Bcl-2 expression.