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Cao Z, Aharonian FA, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, D Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 γ-ray Galactic sources. Nature 2021; 594:33-36. [PMID: 34002091 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 1015 electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons-cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays1. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref. 2). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane3-6, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators.
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Liu X, Wang F, Chen X, Hou X, Li Q, Xie Z, Liu Y, Li P, Chang L, Guan Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Xu C, Wang H, Yi X, Zhang J, Xia X, Moran C, Chen L. P35.01 Genomic Origin and Immune-related Status of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guo Y, Liu J, Ruan Y, Rokohl AC, Hou X, Li S, Jia R, Koch KR, Heindl LM. A novel approach quantifying the periorbital morphology: A comparison of direct, 2-dimensional, and 3-dimensional technologies. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:1888-1899. [PMID: 33358464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of anatomical structures is critical in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, few detailed and standardized measurements have been widely used in the periorbital region. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel detailed and standardized protocol with 2D and 3D technologies, and explore the relationship between them and direct measurements. METHODS Fifty healthy Caucasians (100 eyes) between 20 and 68 years old were recruited and captured for 3D photographs by VECTRA M3 3D Imaging System. Subsequently, 24 landmarks were located on each 3D photographs following a standardized protocol, and then 19 linear and 3 angular periorbital variables were measured. Furthermore, two-dimensional (2D) and direct measurements were conducted on each subject and compared with 3D measurements and one another. RESULTS The grand r means across all measurements were 0.77, 0.78, and 0.88 for direct vs. 2D values, direct vs. 3D values, and 3D vs. 2D values, respectively. The mean absolute differences were 1 mm (ranging from 0.2 mm to 3.7 mm) between direct and 3D measurements, 1 mm (ranging from 0.04 mm to 2.4 mm) between direct and 2D measurements, and 1 mm and 6.6° (ranging from 0.04 mm or 0.5° to 3 mm or 12.8°) between 2D and 3D measurements. CONCLUSIONS This study verified the feasibility of this detailed and standardized landmark localization protocol for assessing the periorbital morphology with 2D and 3D technologies. This protocol may work as a bridge communicating with all studies involving any of the three technologies in the future.
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Wang X, Zhou H, Du P, Lan R, Chen D, Dong A, Lin X, Qiu X, Xu S, Ji X, Li M, Hou X, Sun L, Li D, Han L, Li Z. Genomic epidemiology of Corynebacterium striatum from three regions of China: an emerging national nosocomial epidemic. J Hosp Infect 2020; 110:67-75. [PMID: 33166588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacteritum straitum has been considered as an emerging multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogen. Isolation of MDR C. striatum as the only organism from respiratory samples from hospitalized patients is increasing in China. AIM To elucidate the genomic epidemiology and evolution of C. striatum in China. METHODS A total of 260 isolates from 2016 to 2018 were collected from three hospitals in three regions of China. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed on all isolates. Whole-genome sequencing was applied to all isolates to assess their genomic diversity and relationships and detect the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) and ARG cassettes. FINDINGS Almost all isolates (96.2%, 250/260) showed multi-drug-resistance. Genome sequencing revealed four major lineages with lineage IV emerging as the epidemic lineage. Most of the diversity was developed in the last 6 years. Each hospital has its own predominant clones with potential spread between Hebei and Guangdong hospitals. Genomic analysis further revealed multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that four lineages of C. striatum have spread in parallel across China, causing persistent and extensive transmissions within hospitals. MDR C. striatum infection has become a national epidemic. Antibiotic-driven selection pressure may have played significant roles in forming persistent and predominant clones. Our data provide the basis for surveillance and prevention strategies to control the epidemic caused by MDR C. striatum.
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Cai L, Li H, Guo J, Zhao W, Li Y, Duan Y, Hou X, Cheng L, Du H, Shao X, Diao Z, Hao Y, Li C. 176P Effect of adjuvant lenvatinib (LEN) on tumour recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and high residual alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) following resection or ablation: A single-center, retrospective study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Wang D, Hou X, Hu K, Zhang F. Verification of Pre-treatment NLR and PLR on the Prognosis of Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang D, Hou X, Hu K, Zhang F. The Prognostic Value of Regional Lymph Node Metastasis in Cervical Cancer Patients with Stage IIIC Receiving PET/CT Examination. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu X, Hou X, Hu K, Zhang F. Image Guided Concomitant Dose Escalation Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Mid-low Rectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang W, Hou X, Hu K, Zhang F. Postoperative Radiotherapy Improved Disease-Free Survival for Low-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang D, Hou X, Hu K, Zhang F. The Role of Metabolic Parameters of Pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hou X, Yang DD, Li D, Zeng L, Li C. 3D Slicer and Sina appilication for surgical planning of giant invasive spinal schwannoma with scoliosis: A case report and literature review. Neurochirurgie 2020; 66:396-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2020.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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DeJong S, Hou X, Zanfagnin V, Evans B, VanBlaricom J, Epler J, Nickles D, Becker M, Oberg A, Heinzen E, Blackwood B, Haluska P, Weroha S. Gemcitabine and novel Chk1 inhibitor GDC-0575 demonstrate synergistic effect against high-grade serous ovarian cancer in 3D cell culture, PDX models and patient tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yue J, Zhang B, Wang H, Hou X, Chen X, Cheng M, Wen S. Dysregulated plasma levels of miRNA-132 and miRNA-134 in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:996. [PMID: 32953796 PMCID: PMC7475501 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe, chronic, disabling neuropsychiatric disorder, the pathophysiology of which has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we aimed to detect the levels of miRNA-132 and miRNA-134 in the plasma of patients with OCD and to analyze the factors influencing OCD. Methods The levels of miRNA-132 and miRNA-134 in peripheral blood of 30 patients with OCD and 32 normal controls were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Patients were assessed using clinical scales, including the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Results The plasma levels of miRNA-132 and miRNA 134 in the OCD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the plasma levels of miR-132 and miR-134 in the OCD group and general demographic (gender, age, and education level) and clinical characteristics (duration of disease, HAMA, HAMD, and Y-BOCS scores). Conclusions Patients with OCD have abnormal plasma levels of miRNA-132 and miRNA-134, which may influence the number of dendrites in the cerebral cortex and formation of synapses. Therefore, miRNA-132 and miRNA-134 plasma levels should be considered as potential biomarkers for OCD detection.
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Kong T, Chen L, Duan F, Wang L, Zhao X, Hou X, Zhou H, Miao W, Wang L, Hu S. 1797P Efficacy and safety analysis of EP / EC regimen combined with first-line anlotinib hydrochloride in the treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer: Results from a phase II single-arm trial. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Xu Z, Wang M, Zhou C, Gu G, Liang J, Hou X, Wang M, Wei P. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of retail-meat-borne Salmonella in southern China during the years 2009-2016: The diversity of contamination and the resistance evolution of multidrug-resistant isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108790. [PMID: 32693316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella, one of the most important foodborne pathogens, can be the cause of bacterial food-borne illness and is commonly associated with the consumption of retail meat. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates with high adaptability, have been responsible for many foodborne disease outbreaks. Here we present an investigation on the contamination and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in retail meat obtained from supermarkets and from open markets in Guangxi, China. From the years 2009 to 2016, a total of 604 Salmonella isolates were recovered from a total of 3340 meat samples including 797 beef, 911 pork, 942 chicken and 690 duck, representing 18.08% of the samples tested. Pork was the most contaminated meat. Salmonella was detected in 322 samples from supermarkets and the positive rate of 21.03% was higher than that of 15.70% in 284 samples from open markets (P<0.05). The prevalence of Salmonella in retail meat in the summer and fall months: June (2015, 40.63%), October (2012, 34.6%; 2016, 43.75%) was higher than in other seasons of the year. One hundred and twenty-seven serotypes were identified among the 604 Salmonella enterica isolates, and S. Derby (28.48%), S. Agona (9.77%), S. London (4.97%) and S. Enteritidis (4.47%) were the most common serotypes. Tests of susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents showed that 87.58% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 57.79% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), as they were resistant to at least three antimicrobials. The presence of most of the antimicrobial-resistant genes tested was consistent with the resistant phenotypes found. Among all the antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) examined in this study, blaTEM-1, aadA1, cmlA, tetA, sul1 and sul2 were the most prevalent resistant genes in the multidrug resistant isolates. Our findings show that there was a trend that the Salmonella contamination in retail meat had increased and isolates showed an MDR phenotype and that the MDR had become more and more serious. Twenty-one isolates of S. Agona were randomly analyzed by using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) and six different types were found, indicating the existence of cross-contamination in the food market. The results indicate that the hazard analysis of the critical control points (HACCP) system for the whole food chain of retail meat should be further analyzed and improved.
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Zhang Q, Ma R, Li Y, Zhao L, Wang G, Huang Y, Lu M, Qiu M, Zhang S, Hou X, Ma L. Oncological outcomes of upper tract urothelial carcinoma after renal transplantation: Is simultaneously bilateral nephroureterectomy better? EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Chen S, Hou X, Zhou X, Yu J, Xue H, Hu G, Sun Y, Chen P, Wu J, Liang Y, Bao Y, Jia W. The long-term effectiveness of metabolic control on cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes in a real-world health care setting - A prospective diabetes management study. Prim Care Diabetes 2020; 14:274-281. [PMID: 31606312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and assess the effect of metabolic risk factor management on the development of CVD in patients with diabetes. METHODS We studied 733 patients with diabetes without prior CVD in the Shanghai Taopu community health service center. Success in managing CVD risk factors was evaluated as follows: (1) glucose control (haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] <7.0% in patients aged <65years and <8.0% in patients aged ≥65years), (2) blood pressure control (<140/90mmHg), and (3) lipid control (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.0mmol/L in men and ≥1.3mmol/L in women, and triglycerides <1.7mmol/L). RESULTS During a median 8.0-year follow-up, 206 CVD incident cases were identified. Each 1% increment in HbA1c, 10mmHg increment in systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 1mmol/L increment in triglycerides during follow-up significantly increased the risk of CVD by 17%, 37%, and 14%, respectively. Compared to those who did not, patients who met the blood pressure and glucose control goals during follow-up had a 64% and a 29% decreased risk of CVD, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of CVD were 1.00, 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-2.87), and 2.51 (95% CI 1.54-4.07) among patients who attained three, two, and one/none of the CVD factor control goals (HbA1c, blood pressure, and lipid) during follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Average levels of HbA1c, SBP, and triglycerides during follow-up were positively associated with the risk of CVD, and treatment targeting multiple factors can significantly reduce CVD risk.
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Wahl GM, Ma Z, Chung C, Dravis C, Spike BT, Giraddi RT, Balcioglu O, Fan C, Hagos B, Heinz R, Herrera-Valdez J, Hou X, Hwang J, Lasken R, Luna G, Lytle NE, Mehrabad EM, Novotny M, Perou CM, Poirion O, Preissl S, Ren B, Reya T, Trejo CL, Varley KT. Abstract ES10-2: Understanding breast cancer using a developmental perspective. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-es10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Parallels among embryonic development, stem cells, and cancer have long been recognized. We identified, isolated, and characterized stem cells that first become committed to a mammary fate during embryogenesis; we refer to these cells as fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSCs). Lineage tracing, in vitro sphere formation, and in vivo transplantation studies by our group and many others all confirm that cells in the embryo are the bipotent progenitors of the mammary gland. There is debate, however, on whether such bipotent cells persist into the adult, or whether the luminal and basal lineages are maintained by unipotent progenitors. To gain insight into the relationships between fMaSCs and breast cancer, and to investigate their potential persistence in the adult, we have applied bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing (sc-RNA-seq) and single nucleus ATAC-sequencing (snATAC-seq) throughout mammary development. The results to be discussed demonstrate that fMaSC transcriptomes are heterogeneous, but all share co-expression of genes associated with luminal and basal cell fates. This fits a model in which the bipotent state is created by a balance of lineage specifiers. We also find that the fMaSC transcriptome is highly enriched in basal-like human breast cancers and identify potential embryonic pathways that correlate with poor prognosis. We used a variety of computational tools to infer the gene expression programs that ensue when fMaSCs commit to luminal and basal states. The data from scRNA-seq and snATAC-seq demonstrate that the transitions are gradual, not precipitous, and that luminal and basal cells exhibit significant transcriptomic and epigenetic heterogeneity. This challenges the notion that the mammary gland consists of discrete cell types defined by rigid transcriptomic parameters, and reveals a potential for intrinsic phenotypic plasticity of normal mammary cells. Using the combined databases, we identified Sox10 as a significantly differentially expressed cell state regulator. We show that tumors are heterogeneous with regard to Sox10 expression, and that locally invasive cells tend to express high Sox10 levels. Elevated Sox10 correlates with acquisition of a neural-crest like, EMT-related state. Implications for interception of metastasis by targeting neural crest-like cells will be discussed. Finally, we have generated a web resource that is available to the scientific community to enable the transcription and epigenetic characteristics of any gene of interest to be tracked through mammary development (https://wahl-labsalk.shinyapps.io/Mammary_snATAC/).
Citation Format: GM Wahl, Z Ma, C Chung, C Dravis, BT Spike, RR Giraddi, O Balcioglu, C Fan, B Hagos, R Heinz, Herrera-Valdez J, X Hou, J Hwang, R Lasken, G Luna, NE Lytle, EM Mehrabad, M Novotny, CM Perou, O Poirion, S Preissl, B Ren, T Reya, CL Trejo, KT Varley. Understanding breast cancer using a developmental perspective [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES10-2.
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Dai Y, Feng L, Hou X, Choi CY, Liu J, Cai X, Shi L, Zhang Y, Gibson L. Policy-driven changes in enclosure fisheries of large lakes in the Yangtze Plain: Evidence from satellite imagery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1286-1297. [PMID: 31726558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enclosure fisheries have accommodated the widespread expansion of aquaculture in many lakes throughout the Yangtze Plain (YP), China, for over four decades. Such practices have increased food provision but have also triggered various detrimental environmental consequences. To restore ecosystem functions, the Chinese government recently implemented specific regulations to remove enclosure fences from lakes throughout the YP. However, little information is available on the spatial and temporal distributions of the enclosure fences, particularly in relation to the enforcement of recent policy changes. Using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images taken between 2002 and 2018, we conducted the first comprehensive assessment of the interannual changes in enclosure fences in 17 large lakes throughout the YP. Consistent decreases in fence density were found in most lakes after 2015; 15 lakes had >50% of their fences removed, while 9 lakes had >90% removed. The timing and implementation of the development and destruction of enclosure fisheries were related to government policy; before 2015, regional dynamics in enclosure fisheries were attributed to provincial policies, whereas the nearly ubiquitous fence demolition after 2015 was likely a response to national policy. This study represents remotely sensed evidence that demonstrates the importance of both local and national environmental policies and their effectiveness in mitigating ongoing human impacts on vulnerable and valuable natural resources. These findings provide valuable baseline information for future lake environmental monitoring and restoration in the YP region, and the methods used here could be applied to other lacustrine and coastal regions experiencing similar aquaculture activities.
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Zhou H, Shen J, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Fang W, Yang Y, Hong S, Chen G, Zhao S, Chen X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xian W, Zhao Y, Hou X, Ma Y, Zhou T, Zhao H, Zhang L. P1.11-09 Risk of Second Primary Malignancy After Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Competing Risk Nomogram Based on the SEER Database. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang W, Hou X, Hu K, Zhang F. Posttreatment Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in Predicting Treatment Failure for Patients with Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu X, Hou X, Hu K, Zhang F. A Risk Stratification for Patients with Cervical Cancer in Stage IIIC1 of the 2018 FIGO Staging System Treated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang J, Li H, Bai N, Xu Y, Song Q, Zhang L, Wu G, Chen S, Hou X, Wang C, Wei L, Xu A, Fang Q, Jia W. Decrease of FGF19 contributes to the increase of fasting glucose in human in an insulin-independent manner. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1019-1027. [PMID: 30852757 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ileum-derived fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) plays key roles in hepatic glucose homeostasis in animals in an insulin-independent manner. Here, we analyzed the association of FGF19 with glucose effectiveness (GE, the insulin-independent glucose regulation), as well as hepatic glucose production (HGP) in Chinese subjects. METHODS GE was measured by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) in normal glucose tolerance (NGT), isolated-impaired glucose tolerance (I-IGT), and isolated-impaired fasting glucose (I-IFG) subjects. The oral glucose tolerance test-derived surrogate of GE (oGE) was determined in NGT, I-IFG, combined glucose intolerance (CGI), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects. HGP was assessed by labeled ([3-3H]-glucose) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in NGT subjects. Insulin secretion and sensitivity were calculated by the hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in a subgroup of NGT, I-IGT, and I-IFG subjects. Serum FGF19 levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS FGF19 positively correlated with GE (r = 0.29, P = 0.004) as determined by FSIVGTT. The result was further confirmed by oGE (r = 0.261, P < 0.001). FGF19 was negatively associated with FPG (r = - 0.228, P = 0.025), but the association no longer existed after adjusting for GE (r = - 0.177, P = 0.086). FGF19 was negatively associated with basal HGP (r = - 0.697, P = 0.006). However, the correlation between FGF19 and insulin secretion and sensitivity were not found. CONCLUSIONS FGF19 levels are associated positively with GE and negatively with HGP. The increase of FPG in human is at least partially due to the decrease of FGF19 in an insulin-independent manner.
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Liu X, Hou X, Hu K, Zhang F. Predictors of Distant Metastasis in Patients with Cervical Cancer Treated with Definitive Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hou X, Hossini A, Nikolakis G, Zouboulis C. 605 3D-SeboSkin model application in Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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