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Relja B, Lustenberger T, Puttkammer B, Jakob H, Morser J, Gabazza EC, Takei Y, Marzi I. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is enhanced in major trauma patients without infectious complications. Immunobiology 2012; 218:470-6. [PMID: 22749979 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious complications frequently occur after major trauma, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), a procarboxypeptidase in plasma, plays a dual role in regulating both coagulation and inflammation. Activated TAFI (TAFIa) has broad anti-inflammatory properties due to its inactivation of active inflammatory mediators (anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, bradykinin, osteopontin). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if TAFI plays a role in the development of inflammatory complications after major trauma. PATIENTS/METHODS Upon arrival at the emergency department (ED), plasma levels of TAFI and TAFIa were measured in 26 multiple traumatized patients for 10 consecutive days. Systemic levels of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes were determined. RESULTS Fifteen patients developed pneumonia and/or sepsis (compl) and 11 had no complications (wo compl). Overall injury severity and age were comparable in both groups. Complications occurred approximately 5 days after trauma. IL-6 increased on day 5, whereas CRP, PCT and leukocytes started to increase on day 6 in the compl-group. Upon arrival at the ED and on days 1 and 4, TAFI levels were significantly lower in the compl-group compared to the wo compl-group (p=0.0215). Similarly, TAFIa was significantly lower on day 4 in the compl-group than in the wo compl-group (p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study shows that TAFI levels are inversely correlated with inflammation-associated development of complications after major trauma.
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Mifuji-Moroka R, Iwasa M, Sugimoto R, Katsurahara M, Fujita N, Kobayashi Y, Takei Y. Education and imaging. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Liver abscess associated with lipoma of duodenum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:1129. [PMID: 22621459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Inoue H, Tano S, Takayama R, Nimomiya K, Nishikawa K, Katurahara M, Horiki N, Takei Y. Right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: rare complication of plastic biliary stent insertion. Endoscopy 2012; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E396. [PMID: 22275018 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huynh KT, Takei Y, Kuo C, Scolyer RA, Murali R, Chong K, Takeshima L, Sim MS, Morton DL, Turner RR, Thompson JF, Hoon DSB. Aberrant hypermethylation in primary tumours and sentinel lymph node metastases in paediatric patients with cutaneous melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1319-26. [PMID: 22293026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate on how to manage paediatric patients with cutaneous melanoma continues, particularly in those with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases who are at higher risk of poor outcomes. Management is often based on adult algorithms, although differences in clinical outcomes between paediatric and adult patients suggest that melanoma in paediatric patients differs biologically. Yet, there are no molecular prognostic studies identifying these differences. OBJECTIVES We investigated the epigenetic (methylation) regulation of several tumour-related genes (TRGs) known to be significant in adult melanoma progression in histopathology(+) SLN metastases (n = 17) and primary tumours (n = 20) of paediatric patients with melanoma to determine their clinical relevance. METHODS Paediatric patients (n = 37; ≤ 21 years at diagnosis) with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I-III cutaneous melanoma were analysed. Gene promoter methylation of the TRGs RASSF1A, RARβ2, WIF1 and APC was evaluated. RESULTS Hypermethylation of RASSF1A, RARβ2, WIF1 and APC was found in 29% (5/17), 25% (4/16), 25% (4/16) and 19% (3/16) of histopathology(+) SLNs, respectively. When matched to adult cutaneous melanomas by Breslow thickness and ulceration, hypermethylation of all four TRGs in SLN(+) paediatric patients with melanoma was equivalent to or less than in adults. With a median follow-up of 55 months, SLN(+) paediatric patients with melanoma with hypermethylation of > 1 TRG vs. ≤ 1 TRG had worse disease-free (P = 0·02) and overall survival (P = 0·02). CONCLUSIONS Differences in the methylation status of these TRGs in SLN(+) paediatric and adult patients with melanoma may account for why SLN(+) paediatric patients have different clinical outcomes. SLN biopsy should continue to be performed; within SLN(+) paediatric patients with melanoma, hypermethylation of TRGs can be used to identify a subpopulation at highest risk for poor outcomes who warrant vigilant clinical follow-up.
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Inoue H, Yoneda M, Takayama R, Takei Y. Education and Imaging. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Pancreatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:845. [PMID: 22436063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Gil-Bernabe P, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Toda M, Boveda Ruiz D, Miyake Y, Suzuki T, Onishi Y, Morser J, Gabazza EC, Takei Y, Yano Y. Exogenous activated protein C inhibits the progression of diabetic nephropathy. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:337-46. [PMID: 22236035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated protein C (APC) can regulate immune and inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Protein C transgenic mice develop less diabetic nephropathy but whether exogenous administration of APC suppresses established diabetic nephropathy is unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated the therapeutic potential of APC in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Diabetes was induced in unilaterally nephrectomized C57/Bl6 mice using intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin. Four weeks later, the mice were treated with i.p. exogenous APC every other day for 1 month. RESULTS APC-treated mice had a significantly improved blood nitrogen urea-to-creatinine ratio, urine total protein to creatinine ratio and proteinuria, and had significantly less renal fibrosis as measured by the levels of collagen and hydroxyproline. The renal tissue concentration of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the RNA expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were significantly lower in APC-treated mice than in untreated animals. The percentage of apoptotic cells was reduced and the expression of podocin, nephrin and WT-1 in the glomeruli was significantly improved in mice treated with APC compared with untreated mice. The levels of coagulation markers were not affected by APC treatment. CONCLUSION Exogenous APC improves renal function and mitigates pathological changes in mice with diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the expression of fibrogenic cytokines, growth factors and apoptosis, suggesting its potential usefulness for the therapy of this disease.
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Tano S, Tanaka K, Iguchi T, Nishikawa K, Takayama R, Ninomiya K, Inoue H, Katsurahara M, Horiki N, Takei Y. Large retention cyst with chondromatous metaplasia in the esophagus. Endoscopy 2011; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E262-3. [PMID: 21837606 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Miyamoto Y, Takei Y, Nanto H, Kurobori T, Konnai A, Yanagida T, Yoshikawa A, Shimotsuma Y, Sakakura M, Miura K, Hirao K, Nagashima Y, Yamamoto T. Radiophotoluminescence from silver-doped phosphate glass. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tse WK, Lai K, Takei Y. Medaka osmotic stress transcription factor 1b (Ostf1b/TSC22D3-2) triggers hyperosmotic responses of different ion transporters in medaka gill and human embryonic kidney cells via the JNK signalling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1764-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mihara K, Bhattacharyya J, Kitanaka A, Yanagihara K, Kubo T, Takei Y, Asaoku H, Takihara Y, Kimura A. T-cell immunotherapy with a chimeric receptor against CD38 is effective in eliminating myeloma cells. Leukemia 2011; 26:365-7. [PMID: 21836610 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Simionescu A, Allen SW, Mantz A, Werner N, Takei Y, Morris RG, Fabian AC, Sanders JS, Nulsen PEJ, George MR, Taylor GB. Baryons at the Edge of the X-ray–Brightest Galaxy Cluster. Science 2011; 331:1576-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1200331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Inaba H, Takei Y, Enami M, Goto Y, Ohta K. Responsiveness to EMT-performed basic CPR and its duration predict unachievable sustained return of spontaneous circulation and unavoidable hospital death in unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests without bystander CPR. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3066967 DOI: 10.1186/cc9713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Almeida FR, Tsuiki S, Hattori Y, Takei Y, Inoue Y, Lowe AA. Dose-dependent effects of mandibular protrusion on genioglossus activity in sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:209-12. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00194809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Inaba H, Takei Y, Enami M, Ohta K. Poor outcome of primary respiratory arrest (PRA) confirmed by emergency medical technicians (EMT) and followed by cardiac arrest in Japan. Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Inaba H, Takei Y, Enami M, Goto Y, Ohta K. Citizens’ response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAS) in residences of a remote time distance from regional emergency medical service (EMS) system. Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Takei Y, Inaba H, Enami M, Goto Y, Ohta K. Responsiveness to basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by emergency medical technicians (EMTS) and its duration determine the incidence of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (SROSC) in hospital. Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Inaba H, Takei Y, Enami M, Taniguchi J, Wato Y, Ohta K. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) project for telephone-assisted instruction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (TAI-CPR) increases the incidence of bystander CPR and improves the outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Beppu T, Gil-Bernabe P, Boveda-Ruiz D, D'Alessandro-Gabazza C, Matsuda Y, Toda M, Miyake Y, Shiraki K, Murata M, Murata T, Yano Y, Morser J, Gabazza EC, Takei Y. High incidence of tumors in diabetic thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and apolipoprotein E double-deficient mice. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:2514-22. [PMID: 20723031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the complement system has been implicated in tumor growth. The antifibrinolytic protein, activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa), can modulate the activation of the complement system by inactivating the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. The apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) genotype has been associated with carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TAFIa can affect the development of cancer in the ApoE-deficient mouse model. METHODS TAFI and ApoE double-knockout mice were generated. A group of mice was treated with the diabetogenic and carcinogenic compound streptozotocin (stz). Mice treated with saline, single knockout mice and wild-type (wt) mice served as controls. RESULTS Six months after treatment with stz, mice were sacrificed. Hepatic tumors were found in male double-knockout mice treated with stz but none was found in control animals that were not treated with stz or in single knockout of ApoE or wt animals. There was no significant difference in coagulation system activation between the groups of mice. The plasma concentrations of C5a, factor D and transforming growth factor-β1 were increased in TAFI/ApoE double-deficient mice treated with stz compared with the mice of the same genotype treated with saline. CONCLUSION Apo-E deficiency alone was not associated with tumors but the lack of TAFI appears to make the mice permissive for tumor formation in ApoE mice.
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Fukuda M, Suda M, Takei Y, Aoyama Y, Sato T, Sakurai N, Narita K, Kameyama M, Uehara T, Mikuni M. S24-4 Near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fukuda M, Suda M, Takei Y, Aoyama Y, Sato T, Sakurai N, Narita K, Kameyama M, Uehara T, Mikuni M. S52-1 Approval of NIRS as the advanced medical technology in psychiatry. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Breves JP, Hasegawa S, Yoshioka M, Fox BK, Davis LK, Lerner DT, Takei Y, Hirano T, Grau EG. Acute salinity challenges in Mozambique and Nile tilapia: differential responses of plasma prolactin, growth hormone and branchial expression of ion transporters. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 167:135-42. [PMID: 20138183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The responses of Mozambique and Nile tilapia acclimated to fresh water (FW) and brackish water (BW; 17 per thousand) were compared following acute salinity challenges. In both species, plasma osmolality increased to above 450 mOsm by 2h after transfer from FW to seawater (SW); these increases in osmolality were accompanied by unexpected increases in plasma prolactin (PRL). Likewise, PRL receptor gene expression in the gill also increased in both species. In Nile tilapia, hyperosmotic transfers (FW to BW and SW) resulted in increased plasma growth hormone (GH) and in branchial GH receptor gene expression, responses that were absent in Mozambique tilapia. Branchial gene expression of osmotic stress transcription factor 1 (OSTF1) increased in both species following transfer from FW to SW, whereas transfer from BW to SW induced OSTF1 expression only in the Nile tilapia. Branchial expression of Na(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter was higher in FW in both species than in BW. Branchial gene expression of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) increased after transfer from BW to SW in Mozambique tilapia, whereas expression was reduced in the Nile tilapia following the same transfer. The difference in the SW adaptability of these species may be related to a limited capacity of Nile tilapia to up-regulate NKCC gene expression, which is likely to be an essential component in the recruitment of SW-type chloride cells. The differential responses of GH and OSTF1 may also be associated with the disparate SW adaptability of these two tilapiine species.
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Qin L, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Aoki S, Gil-Bernabe P, Yano Y, Takagi T, Boveda-Ruiz D, Ramirez Marmol AY, San Martin Montenegro VT, Toda M, Miyake Y, Taguchi O, Takei Y, Morser J, Gabazza EC. Pulmonary hypertension is ameliorated in mice deficient in thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:808-16. [PMID: 20088932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fibrinolytic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) inhibits fibrinolysis and therefore its absence would be expected to increase fibrinolysis and ameliorate PH. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of TAFI deficiency on pulmonary hypertension in the mouse. METHODS AND RESULTS PH was induced in C57/Bl6 wild-type (WT) or TAFI-deficient (KO) mice by weekly subcutaneous treatment with 600 mg kg(-1) monocrotaline (MCT) for 8 weeks. PH was inferred from right heart hypertrophy measured using the ratio of right ventricle-to-left ventricle-plus-septum weight [RV/(LV+S)]. Pulmonary vascular remodeling was analyzed by morphometry. TAFI-deficient MCT-treated and wild-type MCT-treated mice suffered similar weight loss. TAFI-deficient MCT-treated mice had reduced levels of total protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in bronchial alveolar lavage compared with wild-type MCT-treated mice. The ratio of RV to (LV+S) weight was significantly higher in WT/MCT than in KO/MCT mice. The pulmonary artery wall area and vascular stenosis were both greater in MCT-treated WT mice compared with MCT-treated TAFI-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS TAFI-deficient MCT-treated mice had less pulmonary hypertension, vascular remodeling and reduced levels of cytokines compared with MCT-treated WT animals, possibly as a result of reduced coagulation activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology
- Capillary Permeability
- Carboxypeptidase B2/deficiency
- Carboxypeptidase B2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrinolysis/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/blood
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/immunology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/blood
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocrotaline
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Weight Loss
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Inaba H, Yachida T, Enami M, Takei Y, Goto Y, Ohta K. Time factors rather than type and/or nature of CPR modify the prognosis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests witnessed by bystanders. Crit Care 2010. [PMCID: PMC2934519 DOI: 10.1186/cc8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kikuyama R, Tanaka K, Tano S, Iguchi T, Nishikawa K, Harada T, Uchida K, Nagaya S, Noda N, Noda M, Takei Y. A case of gastric carcinosarcoma. Endoscopy 2009; 41 Suppl 2:E220-1. [PMID: 19757363 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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75
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Takagi T, Taguchi O, Aoki S, Toda M, Yamaguchi A, Fujimoto H, Boveda-Ruiz D, Gil-Bernabe P, Ramirez AY, Naito M, Yano Y, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Fujiwara A, Takei Y, Morser J, Gabazza EC. Direct effects of protein S in ameliorating acute lung injury. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:2053-63. [PMID: 19817989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein S may exert an anticoagulant activity by enhancing the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C and/or by directly inhibiting the prothrombinase complex. Protein S itself may also directly regulate inflammatory responses and apoptosis. The role of protein S in acute lung injury (ALI) was unknown. This study evaluated the effect of protein S on ALI in the mouse. METHODS Animal ALI was induced in C57/BL6 mice by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were treated with protein S or saline by intraperitoneal injection 1 h before LPS instillation. RESULTS Activated protein or protein S alone and combined activated protein C + protein S therapy decreased inflammatory markers and cytokines in mice with acute lung injury. In LPS-treated mice compared with controls ALI was induced as shown by significantly increased levels of total protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mice with ALI treated with protein S had significantly decreased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the lung compared with untreated animals. Thrombin-antithrombin III, a marker of the activity of the coagulation cascade, was unchanged. Protein S inhibited the expression of cytokines in vitro and increased activation of the Axl tyrosine kinase pathway in A549 epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Protein S protects against LPS-induced ALI, possibly by directly inhibiting the local expression of inflammatory cytokines without affecting coagulation.
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