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Gao R, Du Y, Wang L, Nomura Y, Satar G, Gordon D, Gurevitz M, Goldin AL, Dong K. Sequence variations at I260 and A1731 contribute to persistent currents in Drosophila sodium channels. Neuroscience 2014; 268:297-308. [PMID: 24662849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin-sensitive persistent sodium currents, INaP, that activate at subthreshold voltages, have been detected in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate neurons. These currents are believed to be critical for regulating neuronal excitability. However, the molecular mechanism underlying INaP is controversial. In this study, we identified an INaP with a broad range of voltage dependence, from -60mV to 20mV, in a Drosophila sodium channel variant expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Mutational analysis revealed that two variant-specific amino acid changes, I260T in the S4-S5 linker of domain I (ILS4-S5) and A1731V in the voltage sensor S4 of domain IV (IVS4), contribute to the INaP. I260T is critical for the portion of INaP at hyperpolarized potentials. The T260-mediated INaP is likely the result of window currents flowing in the voltage range where the activation and inactivation curves overlap. A1731V is responsible for impaired inactivation and contributes to the portion of INaP at depolarized potentials. Furthermore, A1731V causes enhanced activity of two site-3 toxins which induce persistent currents by inhibiting the outward movement of IVS4, suggesting that A1731V inhibits the outward movement of IVS4. These results provided molecular evidence for the involvement of distinct mechanisms in the generation of INaP: T260 contributes to INaP via enhancement of the window current, whereas V1731 impairs fast inactivation probably by inhibiting the outward movement of IVS4.
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Nomura Y, Kuramochi R, Fukubayashi T. Evaluation of hamstring muscle strength and morphology after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:301-7. [PMID: 24646218 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between knee flexor strength and hamstring muscle morphology after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the semitendinosus (ST) tendon and to determine the causative factors of decreased knee flexor muscle strength. Fourteen male and ten female patients who resumed sports activities after surgery participated in the experiment. Isometric knee flexion torque was measured at 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 105° of knee flexion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to calculate ST muscle length and hamstring muscle volume, and to confirm the status of ST tendon regeneration. The correlation between the MRI findings and flexor strength was analyzed. Regenerated ST tendon was confirmed in 21 of the 24 patients, but muscle volume (87.6%) and muscle length (74.5%) of the ST in the operated limb were significantly smaller than those in the normal limb. The percentage of the knee flexion torque of the operated limb compared with that of the normal was apparently lower at 105° (69.1%) and 90° (68.6%) than at 60° (84.4%). Tendon regeneration, ST muscle shortening, and ST muscle atrophy correlated with decreased knee flexion torque. These results indicated that preserving the morphology of the ST muscle-tendon complex is important.
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Mizuno O, Nomura T, Ohguchi Y, Suzuki S, Nomura Y, Hamade Y, Hoshina D, Sandilands A, Akiyama M, McLean WHI, Abe R, Shimizu H. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin underlie a Japanese family with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:805-8. [PMID: 24629053 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a serious food allergy in which anaphylaxis develops when exercise is performed within several hours after food intake. The precise mechanism underlying allergic sensitization in FDEIA has been an important issue but remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to elucidate the pathomechanism including the route of allergen sensitization involved in FDEIA. METHODS A Japanese family with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), a specific form of FDEIA, were clinically examined. Mutation analysis of the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) was also performed. RESULTS Two of the family members were confirmed as WDEIA on the basis of their medical history and positive provocation test results. Notably, the two affected individuals in the family had concomitant ichthyosis vulgaris. Mutation analysis of FLG revealed that they carry one or more loss-of-function mutations that have not been described in the Japanese population. CONCLUSION These results indicate that FLG mutations might be involved in the pathogenesis of WDEIA in the present case.
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Hirano F, Kobayashi A, Hirano Y, Nomura Y, Fukawa E, Makino I. Nuclear factor-κB regulates RANTES chemokine expression in response to tumor necrosis factor-α in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 12:37-43. [DOI: 10.3109/s101650200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ohsaka Y, Nishino H, Nomura Y. Adipose cells induce phospho-Thr-172 AMPK production by epinephrine or CL316243 in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes or MAPK activation and G protein-associated PI3K responses induced by CL316243 or aluminum fluoride in rat white adipocytes. Folia Biol (Praha) 2014; 60:168-179. [PMID: 25152050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Responses of adipose cells to adrenoceptor regulation, including that of β-adrenoceptor (AR), and the signalling machinery involved in these responses are not sufficiently understood; information that is helpful for elucidating the adrenoceptor (adrenergic and β-AR)-responsive machinery is insufficient. We examined phospho-Thr-172 AMPK production in mouse-derived 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with epinephrine or CL316243 (a β3-AR agonist) for 15 min. We also examined MAPK activation or G protein-associated PI3K activation or -associated PI3K p85 complex formation in rat epididymal (white) adipocytes treated with CL316243 for 15 min or aluminum fluoride (a G-protein signalling activator) for 20 min. Furthermore, we examined the effect of PTX (a trimeric G-protein inactivator) on p85 complex formation induced by aluminum fluoride treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that epinephrine or CL316243 treatment increased the phospho- Thr-172 AMPK (an active form of AMPK) level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Activated kinase analysis with a specific substrate showed that CL316243 or aluminum fluoride treatment activated MAPK in rat adipocytes. Immunoprecipitation experiments with a G-protein β subunit (Gβ) antibody showed that treatment of rat adipocytes with CL316243 activated PI3K and increased the PI3K p85 level in the Gβ antibody immunoprecipitates. Such an increase in the p85 level was similarly elicited by aluminum fluoride treatment in a PTX-sensitive manner. Our results provide possible clues for clarifying the signalling machinery involved in adrenoceptor responses, including those of β3-AR, in mouse-derived adipocytes and rat white adipocytes. Our findings advance the understanding of responses to adrenoceptor regulation in adipose cells and of the cellular signalling machinery present in the cells.
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Murata M, Satoh T, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Nomura Y. Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin attenuates ultraviolet B-induced skin photodamage in hairless mice. J Dairy Sci 2013; 97:651-8. [PMID: 24359814 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is recognized as a host defensive glycoprotein, especially for newborn infants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether orally administered LF had protective activity against UV-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Transepidermal water loss and skin hydration were evaluated in nonirradiated mice, UVB-irradiated mice, and UVB-irradiated and LF-administered mice. Supplementation with LF (1,600 mg/kg per day) effectively suppressed the increase in transepidermal water loss, reduction in skin hydration, aberrant epidermal hyperplasia, and cell apoptosis induced by UV irradiation. Although no significant changes in superoxide dismutase-like activity or malondialdehyde levels were observed in the skin with both UV irradiation and LF administration, UV-stimulated IL-1β levels in the skin were significantly suppressed by the administration of LF. Oral supplementation with LF has the potential to reduce IL-1β levels and prevent UV-induced skin damage. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationships between the antiinflammatory effects and skin protective function of LF.
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Schmidt-Glenewinkel T, Nomura Y, Giacobini E. The conversion of lysine into piperidine, cadaverine, and pipecolic acid in the brain and other organs of the mouse. Neurochem Res 2013; 2:619-37. [PMID: 24272322 DOI: 10.1007/bf00963776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/1977] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of piperidine, a possible neuromodulator, and its presumed precursors cadaverine and pipecolic acid, has been investigated in the mouse under in vitro conditions. Conversion of lysine into piperidine was observed only in the intestines and is probably caused by the intestinal flora. Formation of cadaverine and pipecolic acid from lysine was observed in the brain, liver, kidney, and large intestine. In addition, pipecolic acid was formed in the heart. The possible contributions of the diet and of the intestinal bacteria to the endogenous pool(s) of piperidine are discussed.
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Okita Y, Yamanaka K, Nomura Y, Kano H, Miyahara S, Omura A, Sakamoto T, Inoue T, Matsumori M, Okada K. 252 * STRATEGIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF AORTO-OESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt372.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Karasaki T, Nomura Y, Tanaka N. Long-term outcomes after obturator hernia repair: retrospective analysis of 80 operations at a single institution. Hernia 2013; 18:393-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10029-013-1159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nomura Y, Wang YT, Kozai T, Shirai H, Yabushita A, Luo CW, Nakanishi S, Fuji T. Single-shot detection of mid-infrared spectra by chirped-pulse upconversion with four-wave difference frequency generation in gases. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:18249-18254. [PMID: 23938695 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.018249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot detection of ultrabroadband mid-infrared spectra was demonstrated by using chirped-pulse upconversion technique with four-wave difference frequency generation in gases. Thanks to the low dispersion of the gas media, the bandwidth of the phase matching condition of the upconversion process becomes very broad and the entire mid-infrared spectrum spanning from 200 to 5500 cm(-1) was upconverted by using a 10 ps chirped pulse to visible wavelength radiation, which was detected with a conventional visible dispersive spectrometer. This method was demonstrated by the successful measurement of infrared absorption spectra of organic polymer films.
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Nomura Y, Nomura T, Sakai K, Sasaki K, Ohguchi Y, Mizuno O, Hata H, Aoyagi S, Abe R, Itaya Y, Akiyama M, Shimizu H. A novel splice site mutation in NCSTN underlies a Japanese family with hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:206-9. [PMID: 22834455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic follicular occlusive disease with characteristic recurrent draining sinuses, skin abscesses and disfiguring scars, mainly involving the axilla, groin, perianal and perineal regions. While most HS cases are nonfamilial, familial cases showing autosomal dominant inheritance have been reported. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding γ-secretase have been identified as a cause of familial HS in the Chinese and British populations. OBJECTIVES To identify mutations in the genes encoding γ-secretase in Japanese patients with familial and nonfamilial HS. METHODS Two affected and three unaffected individuals from a Japanese family with familial HS and nine patients with nonfamilial HS were recruited. We conducted mutation analysis of the γ-secretase genes in Japanese patients with familial and nonfamilial HS. RESULTS A novel splice site mutation in the nicastrin gene NCSTN, one of the six key component genes encoding γ-secretase, was identified in the patients with familial HS. Neither unaffected individuals in the family nor 100 ethnically matched control alleles carry this mutation. None of the nine patients with nonfamilial HS carry nonsense, frameshift or splice site mutations in this gene. CONCLUSIONS A novel splice site mutation, c.582+1delG, in NCSTN was identified in the familial patients with HS. We also reveal for the first time that a γ-secretase gene mutation is not linked to the development of nonfamilial HS. These results would further pave the way to a better understanding of the contribution of γ-secretase and other genes to the pathogenesis of HS and to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for HS.
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Yeung M, Dromey B, Adams D, Cousens S, Hörlein R, Nomura Y, Tsakiris GD, Zepf M. Beaming of high-order harmonics generated from laser-plasma interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:165002. [PMID: 23679609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Beam divergences of high-order extreme ultraviolet harmonics from intense laser interactions with steep plasma density gradients are studied through experiment and Fourier analysis of the harmonic spatial phase. We show that while emission due to the relativistically oscillating mirror mechanism can be explained by ponderomotive surface denting, in agreement with previous results, the divergence of the emission due to the coherent wake emission mechanism requires a combination of the dent phase and an intrinsic emission phase. The temporal dependence of the divergences for both mechanisms is highlighted while it is also shown that the coherent wake emission divergence can be small in circumstances where the phase terms compensate each other.
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Nomura Y, Onda Y, Ohno S, Taniguchi H, Ando K, Oka N, Nishikawa K, Yokogawa T. Purification and comparison of native and recombinant tRNA-guanine transglycosylases from Methanosarcina acetivorans. Protein Expr Purif 2012. [PMID: 23201278 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many archaeal tRNAs have archaeosine (G(+)) at position 15 in the D-loop and this is thought to strengthen the tertiary interaction with C48 in the V-loop. In the first step of G(+) biosynthesis, archaeosine tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (ArcTGT)(1) catalyzes the base exchange reaction from guanine to 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ(0)). ArcTGT is classified into full-size or split types, according to databases of genomic information. Although the full-size type forms a homodimeric structure, the split type has been assumed to form a heterotetrameric structure, consisting of two kinds of peptide. However, there has been no definitive evidence for this presented to date. Here, we show that native ArcTGT could be isolated from Methanosarcina acetivorans and two peptides formed a robust complex in cells. Consequently, the two peptides function as actual subunits of ArcTGT. We also overexpressed recombinant ArcTGT in Escherichia coli cells. Product was successfully obtained by co-overexpression of the two subunits but one subunit alone was not adequately expressed in soluble fractions. This result suggests that interaction between the two subunits may contribute to the conformational stability of split ArcTGT. The values of the kinetic parameters for the recombinant and native ArcTGT were closely similar. Moreover, tRNA transcript with preQ(0) at position 15 was successfully prepared using the recombinant ArcTGT. This tRNA transcript is expected to be useful as a substrate for studies seeking the enzymes responsible for G(+) biosynthesis.
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Ando K, Fujiya M, Ito T, Sugiyama R, Nata T, Nomura Y, Ueno N, Kashima S, Ishikawa C, Inaba Y, Moriichi K, Okamoto K, Ikuta K, Tanabe H, Tokusashi Y, Miyokawa N, Watari J, Mizukami Y, Kohgo Y. A pseudosarcomatous lesion resembling a malignant tumor of the esophagocardiac junction, diagnosed by a total biopsy with endoscopic surgery. Endoscopy 2012; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E21-2. [PMID: 22396258 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Tohda M, Nomura Y. Neurochemical and morphological studies on differentiation of NG108-15 cells by phorbol ester and forskolin. Neurochem Int 2012; 13:37-42. [PMID: 20501269 DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(88)90100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/1987] [Accepted: 01/11/1988] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP induced neurite outgrowth and inhibition of cell growth in NG108-15 cells. TPA, forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP significantly increased specific activity of choline acetyltransferase. Forskolin markedly stimulated cAMP accumulation, but not TPA, suggesting that forskolin could induce differentiation by increasing the cAMP content via adenylate cyclase activation, but TPA-induced differentiation seems not to be due to the raise of the cAMP level. Incubation of the cells with TPA, forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP for 24 h resulted in enhancement of 50 mM K(+)-evoked Ca(2+) influx and neurite elongation, although incubation with these agents for 1 h didn't affect these events. From these results, it is suggested that TPA and forskolin induce differentiation of NG108-15 cells to acetylcholine neurons via different mechanisms: protein kinase C activation by TPA and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation by forskolin. In addition, it is likely that Ca(2+) channels in cells differentiated by TPA, forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP become sensitive to depolarization.
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Kudo C, Naruishi K, Maeda H, Abiko Y, Hino T, Iwata M, Mitsuhashi C, Murakami S, Nagasawa T, Nagata T, Yoneda S, Nomura Y, Noguchi T, Numabe Y, Ogata Y, Sato T, Shimauchi H, Yamazaki K, Yoshimura A, Takashiba S. Assessment of the Plasma/Serum IgG Test to Screen for Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1190-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512461796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a silent infectious disease prevalent worldwide and affects lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, efficient screening of patients is essential for general health. This study was performed to evaluate prospectively the diagnostic utility of a blood IgG antibody titer test against periodontal pathogens. Oral examination was performed, and IgG titers against periodontal pathogens were measured by ELISA in 1,387 individuals. The cut-off value of the IgG titer was determined in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and changes in periodontal clinical parameters and IgG titers by periodontal treatment were evaluated. The relationships between IgG titers and severity of periodontitis were analyzed. The best cut-off value of IgG titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis for screening periodontitis was 1.682. Both clinical parameters and IgG titers decreased significantly under periodontal treatment. IgG titers of periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, especially in those with sites of probing pocket depth over 4 mm. Multiplied cut-off values were useful to select patients with severe periodontitis. A blood IgG antibody titer test for Porphyromonas gingivalis is useful to screen hitherto chronic periodontitis patients (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01658475).
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Himichi T, Kaneko M, Nomura A, Okuma Y, Nomura Y, Nomura M. [JSNP Excellent Presentation Award for AsCNP 2011: COMT Val 158 Met gene polymorphism influences the perception of other's pain]. NIHON SHINKEI SEISHIN YAKURIGAKU ZASSHI = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 32:91-92. [PMID: 22708262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Kawada K, Fujinaga N, Yamashita M, Sato A, Tono S, Kaneko M, Nomura Y, Okuma Y. [JSNP Excellent Presentation Award for AsCNP 2011: influence of tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress on the regulation of neuronal differentiation]. NIHON SHINKEI SEISHIN YAKURIGAKU ZASSHI = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 32:115-116. [PMID: 22708270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Yoshida S, Arakawa F, Higuchi F, Ishibashi Y, Goto M, Sugita Y, Nomura Y, Niino D, Shimizu K, Aoki R, Hashikawa K, Kimura Y, Yasuda K, Tashiro K, Kuhara S, Nagata K, Ohshima K. Gene expression analysis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial lining regions by cDNA microarray combined with laser microdissection: up-regulation of inflammation-associated STAT1, IRF1, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5. Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 41:170-9. [PMID: 22401175 PMCID: PMC3400100 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.623137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The main histological change in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the villous proliferation of synovial lining cells, an important source of cytokines and chemokines, which are associated with inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate gene expression in the microdissected synovial lining cells of RA patients, using those of osteoarthritis (OA) patients as the control. Methods Samples were obtained during total joint replacement from 11 RA and five OA patients. Total RNA from the synovial lining cells was derived from selected specimens by laser microdissection (LMD) for subsequent cDNA microarray analysis. In addition, the expression of significant genes was confirmed immunohistochemically. Results The 14 519 genes detected by cDNA microarray were used to compare gene expression levels in synovial lining cells from RA with those from OA patients. Cluster analysis indicated that RA cells, including low- and high-expression subgroups, and OA cells were stored in two main clusters. The molecular activity of RA was statistically consistent with its clinical and histological activity. Expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), and the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5 were statistically significantly higher in the synovium of RA than in that of OA. Immunohistochemically, the lining synovium of RA, but not that of OA, clearly expressed STAT1, IRF1, and chemokines, as was seen in microarray analysis combined with LMD. Conclusions Our findings indicate an important role for lining synovial cells in the inflammatory and proliferative processes of RA. Further understanding of the local signalling in structural components is important in rheumatology.
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Ueno K, Nomura Y, Masamoto I, Masuda K, Morita Y, Eguchi T, Okamoto Y, Kawano Y. Potential Role of Autoantibody in Severe Neutropenia of a Patient with Kawasaki Syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2011; 75:120-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sato R, Fujiya M, Watari J, Ueno N, Moriichi K, Kashima S, Maeda S, Ando K, Kawabata H, Sugiyama R, Nomura Y, Nata T, Itabashi K, Inaba Y, Okamoto K, Mizukami Y, Saitoh Y, Kohgo Y. The diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution endoscopy, autofluorescence imaging and narrow-band imaging for differentially diagnosing colon adenoma. Endoscopy 2011; 43:862-8. [PMID: 21732270 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Conventional colonoscopy can result in unnecessary biopsy or endoscopic resection due to its inability to distinguish adenomas from hyperplastic polyps. This study therefore evaluated the efficacy of high-resolution endoscopy (HRE), autofluorescence imaging (AFI), and narrow-band imaging (NBI) in discriminating colon adenoma from hyperplastic polyps. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective multicenter study in patients undergoing AFI and NBI examinations. HRE, AFI, and NBI images were classified into two groups based on morphological characteristics, the predominant color intensities, and the visibility of meshed capillary vessels, respectively. Each of the endoscopic photographs were independently evaluated by a single endoscopist. The images were then assessed by three specialists and three residents, the latter having performed < 500 colonoscopies and < 30 NBI and AFI examinations. Diagnostic test statistics were calculated to compare the accuracy in differentiating colon adenoma from hyperplastic polyps for each method. RESULTS A total of 183 patients were enrolled in the study and 339 adenomas and 85 hyperplastic polyps were identified. AFI and NBI could distinguish adenoma from hyperplastic polyps with an accuracy of 84.9 % and 88.4 %, respectively, whereas HRE exhibited an accuracy of 75.9 %. In the 358 lesions in which the AFI diagnosis was consistent with that of NBI, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were high, at 91.9 %, 92.7 %, and 92.9 %, respectively. During the study comparing specialists and residents, AFI and NBI dramatically improved the diagnostic accuracy of residents from 69.1 % to 86.1 % and 84.7 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both AFI and NBI are considered to be feasible tools that can discriminate colon adenoma from hyperplastic polyps, and their use may be particularly beneficial for less-experienced endoscopists.
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Tozawa Y, Nomura Y. Signalling by the global regulatory molecule ppGpp in bacteria and chloroplasts of land plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2011; 13:699-709. [PMID: 21815973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The hyperphosphorylated guanine ribonucleotide ppGpp mediates the stringent response in bacteria. Biochemical and genetic studies of this response in Escherichia coli have shown that the biosynthesis of ppGpp is catalysed by two homologous enzymes, RelA and SpoT. RelA is activated in response to amino acid starvation, and SpoT responds to abiotic physical stress beside nutritional stress. All free-living bacteria, including Gram-positive firmicutes, contain RelA-SpoT homologues (RSH). Further, novel ppGpp biosynthetic enzymes, designated small alarmone synthetases (SASs), were recently identified in a subset of bacteria, including the Gram-positive organism Bacillus subtilis, and were shown to consist only of a ppGpp synthetase domain. Studies suggest that these SAS proteins contribute to ppGpp signalling in response to stressful conditions in a manner distinct from that of RelA-SpoT enzymes. SAS proteins currently appear to always occur in addition to RSH enzymes in various combinations but never alone. RSHs have also been identified in chloroplasts, organelles of photosynthetic eukaryotes that originated from endosymbiotic photosynthetic bacteria. These chloroplast RSHs are exclusively encoded in nuclear DNA and targeted into chloroplasts. The findings suggest that ppGpp may regulate chloroplast functions similar to those regulated in bacteria, including transcription and translation. In addition, a novel ppGpp synthetase that is regulated by Ca²⁺ as a result of the presence of two EF-hand motifs at its COOH terminus was recently identified in chloroplasts of land plants. This finding indicates the existence of a direct connection between eukaryotic Ca²⁺ signalling and prokaryotic ppGpp signalling in chloroplasts. The new observations with regard to ppGpp signalling in land plants suggest that such signalling contributes to the regulation of a wider range of cellular functions than previously anticipated.
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Isobe M, Yamanishi H, Osakabe M, Miyake H, Tomita H, Watanabe K, Iwai H, Nomura Y, Nishio N, Ishii K, Kaneko JH, Kawarabayashi J, Takada E, Uritani A, Sasao M, Iguchi T, Takeiri Y, Yamada H. Fusion product diagnostics planned for Large Helical Device deuterium experiment. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:10D310. [PMID: 21033836 DOI: 10.1063/1.3492383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium experiment on the Large Helical Device (LHD) is now being planned at the National Institute for Fusion Science. The fusion product diagnostics systems currently considered for installation on LHD are described in this paper. The systems will include a time-resolved neutron yield monitor based on neutron gas counters, a time-integrated neutron yield monitor based on activation techniques, a multicollimator scintillation detector array for diagnosing spatial distribution of neutron emission rate, 2.5 MeV neutron spectrometer, 14 MeV neutron counter, and prompt γ-ray diagnostics.
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Nomura Y, Fujiwara K, Terada A, Nakai S, Hosomi M. Prevention of lead leaching from fly ashes by mechanochemical treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 30:1290-1295. [PMID: 20022740 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fly ashes from a municipal solid waste incinerator were subjected to mechanochemical (MC) treatment in a planetary ball mill, and the treated fly ashes were cemented with a binder. The leachability of lead (Pb) from the treated fly ashes and from the cement product were investigated, and the speciation of lead in the treated and untreated ashes was determined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. MC treatment of the fly ashes and subsequent cementation prevented Pb leaching by 99.9%, whereas MC treatment alone prevented Pb leaching by 92.8%. Analysis of the X-ray absorption near-edge spectrum of the untreated fly ashes revealed that the predominant Pb species in the ashes was PbCl(2). In contrast, the counterpart in the treated fly ashes was Pb(3)O(4) insoluble in water. The formation of a species of Pb with a lower solubility in water than that of PbCl(2) was confirmed by MC treatment of PbCl(2)-spiked fly ashes for 48h, indicating the reduction of PbCl(2) in the spiked fly ashes to Pb via Pb(3)O(4) during MC treatment. Our results indicate that such reduction to an insoluble species prevented Pb from leaching and that MC treatment followed by cementation is a feasible method for the recycling of fly ashes.
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Abstract
A retrospective study was performed on primary cardiac tumors found in 44 cattle during meat inspection in Japan, using histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The age of affected cattle ranged from 10 to 129 months; 82% were less than 3 years old. In 38 hearts, the tumor was solitary; the remaining 6 hearts had multiple masses. All tumors were subendocardial and involved the papillary muscles and/or cardiac valves. Two histologic patterns were recognized; both included giant cells. Pattern 1 was characterized by interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells; pattern 2 resembled cavernous hemangioma. The 2 patterns coexisted and were linked by transitional zones. Given the immunohistochemical reactivity and ultrastructure, the spindle-shaped cells were identified as smooth muscle cells and the giant cells as endothelial cells. Single cell and multicellular angiogenesis by giant cells was observed. The tumors were classified as cardiac angioleiomyoma. Subendocardial multipotential mesenchymal cells, persistent tissue of the endocardial cushion, or valvular interstitial cells were suspected as the origin.
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