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Sakamoto M, Oki K, Nakashima Y, Akabane Y, Nagatsuka Y, Yoshikawa M, Nohara R, Hosoi K, Takeda H, Ichimura K, Kohagura J, Yoshikawa M, Ichimura M, Imai T. Plasma Characterization in Divertor Simulation Experiments with a V-Shaped Target on GAMMA 10/PDX. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-a16902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cho T, Higaki H, Hirata M, Hojo H, Ichimura M, Ishii K, Islam K, Itakura A, Katanuma I, Kohagura J, Minami R, Nakashima Y, Numakura T, Saito T, Tatematsu Y, Yoshikawa M, Watanabe O, Kubota Y, Kobayashi T, Yamaguchi Y, Saimaru H, Higashizono Y, Miyata Y, Kiminami S, Shimizu K, Itou M, Ikuno T, Mase A, Yasaka Y, Sakamoto K, Yoshida M, Kojima A, Ogura K, Nishino N, Horton W, Kariya T, Imai T, Pastukhov V, Miyoshi S. Overview of Recent Progress in the GAMMA 10 Tandem Mirror. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tatematsu Y, Saito T, Ikegami H, Sekine T, Nagai D, Nozaki K, Ishii K, Kohagura J, Nakashima Y, Kubo S, Shimozuma T, Cho T. Experiment of Fundamental ECRH in the GAMMA 10 Central Cell. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nakashima Y, Takeda H, Yonenaga R, Hosoi K, Ozawa H, Ishii T, Nishino N, Ichimura M, Kariya T, Katanuma I, Minami R, Miyata Y, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshikawa M, Imai T. Research Plan for Divertor Simulation Studies and Its Recent Results Using the GAMMA 10 Tandem Mirror. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a11575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Koga M, Sugano Y, Ueda N, Nakashima Y, Shibata A, Nakayama T, Yokokawa T, Nagai T, Kanzaki H, Yasuda S, Anzai T. P6155Significance of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p6155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nakashima Y, Sugano Y, Koga M, Shibata A, Ueda N, Nagai T, Kanzaki H, Yasuda S, Anzai T. P707Poor clinical outcome in patients with increased high-sensitive cardiac troponin T in dilated cardiomyopathy: in the context of left ventricular wall stress. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fukudo S, Matsueda K, Haruma K, Ida M, Hayase H, Akiho H, Nakashima Y, Hongo M. Optimal dose of ramosetron in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: A randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28205278 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that 5 μg of ramosetron, a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT)-3 receptor antagonist, is only effective in male patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with diarrhea (IBS-D). We hypothesized that either dose 1.25, 2.5, or 5 μg of ramosetron would be effective in female patients with IBS-D. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II dose-finding exploratory trial included 409 female outpatients with IBS-D treated in Japan. They were administered oral placebo (n=102), or 1.25 μg (n=104), 2.5 μg (n=104), or 5 μg (n=99) of ramosetron once daily for 12 weeks after a 1-week baseline period. The primary endpoint was monthly responder rates of global improvement of IBS symptoms in the first month. Secondary endpoints included global improvement in the other months, abdominal pain/discomfort, weekly mean changes in the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and IBS-QOL. KEY RESULTS Middle dose (2.5 μg) of ramosetron significantly improved abdominal pain/discomfort at second month (62.5%, P=.002), third month (60.6%, P=.005), and the last evaluation point (63.5%, P=.002) and weekly BSFS (P<.05) except at Week 8, 11, and 12 than placebo. IBS-QOL did not change. Ramosetron induced more constipation than placebo. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The trial suggested that 2.5 μg of ramosetron is the most effective and least harmful option for treating female patients with IBS-D (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT01274000).
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Yoshikawa M, Miyata Y, Mizuguchi M, Imai N, Hojo H, Ichimura M, Kariya T, Katanuma I, Nakashima Y, Minami R, Shidara H, Yamaguchi Y, Shima Y, Ohno Y, Yaguchi F, Imai T. Use of a Gold Neutral Beam Probe to Study Fluctuation Suppression During Potential Formation in the GAMMA 10 Tandem Mirror. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst10-a9492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sasaki H, Tamura K, Naito Y, Ogata K, Mogi A, Tanaka T, Ikari Y, Masaki M, Nakashima Y, Takamatsu Y. Patient perceptions of symptoms and concerns during cancer chemotherapy: 'affects my family' is the most important. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:793-800. [PMID: 28386794 PMCID: PMC5533818 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer chemotherapy is associated with a variety of side effects/adverse events. It is very important that patients adhere to the planned chemotherapy regimen, which necessitates a minimum of side effects and that these side effects be kept under control. We have investigated patients’ concerns and symptoms during chemotherapy with the aim to seek solutions that will improve patients’ quality of life during chemotherapy. Methods Forty-nine patients with malignant diseases on parenteral antineoplastic agents were sequentially enrolled in this study. These patients completed a questionnaire consisting of 42 items related to non-physical concerns and 52 items of physical symptoms related to chemotherapy. Each patient was also asked to select the three items among these 94 items which affected him/her the most. Results The median age of the cancer patients was 62 years and the male-to-female ratio was 18:31. Among the non-physical concerns, the most frequently chosen concern was ‘affects my family or partner,’ followed by anxiety related to treatment. Regarding the physical symptoms, the most frequent complaints were fatigue, alopecia and constipation, while the most troublesome symptoms were nausea, poor taste and paresthesia. Overall, the most frequently expressed concerns were ‘affects my family or partner’ and anxiety related to treatment. Male patients suffered most from fever, fatigue and nausea, and female patients complained more of poor taste and gastrointestinal problems. Conclusion Patient perceptions of adverse events associated with cancer chemotherapy apparently have changed from physical symptoms to non-physical concerns. In our patient cohort ‘affects my family or partner’ was the most important concern. One important point to note is that female patients often complained of poor taste because this meant they were unable to cook well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10147-017-1117-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kubo Y, Motomura G, Ikemura S, Sonoda K, Yamamoto T, Nakashima Y. Factors influencing progressive collapse of the transposed necrotic lesion after transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103:217-222. [PMID: 28017874 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy (ARO) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) can preserve for a long-time collapsed femoral head. Progressive collapse of anteriorly-transposed necrotic lesion leads to secondary arthritic changes and clinical failure. Critical factors influencing collapse of the transposed necrotic lesion after ARO remain largely unknown. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study of ARO to determine: (1) if preoperative collapse influences collapse of the transposed necrotic area, (2) if any other factor may influence collapse of the transposed necrotic area. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized the degree of preoperative femoral head collapse influences progressive collapse of the transposed necrotic lesion after ARO. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed 47 hips in 42 patients with ONFH treated with ARO between 2000 and 2005 with a mean follow-up of 11.4 years (10-14 years). The occurrence of progressive collapse of the transposed necrotic lesion after ARO was examined using lateral radiographs taken at least once every year after ARO. The following factors were statistically analyzed: age, sex, body mass index, Harris Hip Score (HHS), preoperative level of collapse, extent of the necrotic lesion and postoperative intact ratio (ratio of the transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head). RESULTS Progressive collapse of the transposed necrotic lesion (progressive collapse group) was seen in 17 hips (36%) during a mean period of 1.8 years (0.5-3.7 years) after ARO, which has developed within 4 years in all cases. Preoperative level of collapse in the progressive collapse group (4.4±1.4mm) was significantly larger than that in the non-progressive collapse group (2.1±1.0mm), which was independently associated with progressive collapse of the transposed necrotic lesion in multivariate analysis (P<0.0001) with cut off point of 2.98mm. In univariate analysis, lower preoperative HHS, severe extent of the necrotic lesion and the lower postoperative intact ratio were also associated with progressive collapse of the transposed necrotic lesion, but were not associated as independent factors in multivariate analysis. DISCUSSION The current study suggests that progressive collapse of the transposed necrotic lesion after ARO depends mainly on the preoperative level of collapse (cut-off point=2.98mm). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV; retrospective case series.
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Nakashima Y, Sakamoto M, Takeda H, Ichimura K, Hosoda Y, Iwamoto M, Shimizu K, Hosoi K, Oki K, Yoshikawa M, Hirata M, Ikezoe R, Imai T, Kariya T, Katanuma I, Kohagura J, Minami R, Numakura T, Wang X, Ichimura M. Recent Results of Divertor Simulation Experiments Using D-Module in the GAMMA 10/PDX Tandem Mirror. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shimizu K, Nakashima Y, Hosoda Y, Ichimura K, Takeda H, Iwamoto M, Oki K, Sakamoto M, Imai T, Ichimura M. Spectroscopic Measurements in the Experiments of Gas Injection to the Divertor Simulation Experimental Module of GAMMA 10/PDX. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sumida S, Ichimura M, Yokoyama T, Hirata M, Ikezoe R, Iwamoto Y, Okada T, Takeyama K, Jang S, Sakamoto M, Nakashima Y, Yoshikawa M, Minami R, Oki K, Mizuguchi M, Ichimura K. High-Density Plasma Production in the GAMMA 10 Central Cell with ICRF Heating on Both Anchor Cells. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wang X, Kanno S, Kohagura J, Yoshikawa M, Shima Y, Nakashima Y, Sakamoto M, Oki K, Imai T, Ichimura M, Nagayama Y, Kuwahara D, Mase A. A Novel Frequency-Multiplied Interferometer System with 1-D Horn-Antenna Mixer Array in the GAMMA 10/PDX End Divertor Module. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ikezoe R, Ichimura M, Hirata M, Yokoyama T, Iwamoto Y, Okada T, Sumida S, Takeyama K, Jang S, Oi T, Ichimura K, Nakashima Y. Extension of Operational Regimes with ICRF Heating on GAMMA 10/PDX. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ikezoe R, Ichimura M, Okada T, Itagaki J, Hirata M, Sumida S, Jang S, Izumi K, Tanaka A, Yoshikawa M, Kohagura J, Sakamoto M, Nakashima Y. Multi-point measurement using two-channel reflectometer with antenna switching for study of high-frequency fluctuations in GAMMA 10. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:033504. [PMID: 28372363 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A two-channel microwave reflectometer system with fast microwave antenna switching capability was developed and applied to the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror device to study high-frequency small-amplitude fluctuations in a hot mirror plasma. The fast switching of the antennas is controlled using PIN diode switches, which offers the significant advantage of reducing the number of high-cost microwave components and digitizers with high bandwidths and large memory that are required to measure the spatiotemporal behavior of the high-frequency fluctuations. The use of two channels rather than one adds the important function of a simultaneous two-point measurement in either the radial direction or the direction of the antenna array to measure the phase profile of the fluctuations along with the normal amplitude profile. The density fluctuations measured using this system clearly showed the high-frequency coherent fluctuations that are associated with Alfvén-ion-cyclotron (AIC) waves in GAMMA 10. A correlation analysis applied to simultaneously measured density fluctuations showed that the phase component that was included in a reflected microwave provided both high coherence and a clear phase difference for the AIC waves, while the amplitude component showed neither significant coherence nor clear phase difference. The axial phase differences of the AIC waves measured inside the hot plasma confirmed the formation of a standing wave structure. The axial variation of the radial profiles was evaluated and a clear difference was found among the AIC waves for the first time, which would be a key to clarify the unknown boundary conditions of the AIC waves.
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Ishihara K, Okazaki K, Akiyama T, Akasaki Y, Nakashima Y. Characterisation of osteophytes as an autologous bone graft source: An experimental study in vivo and in vitro. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:73-81. [PMID: 28148490 PMCID: PMC5331175 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.62.bjr-2016-0199.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteophytes are products of active endochondral and intramembranous ossification, and therefore could theoretically provide significant efficacy as bone grafts. In this study, we compared the bone mineralisation effectiveness of osteophytes and cancellous bone, including their effects on secretion of growth factors and anabolic effects on osteoblasts. Methods Osteophytes and cancellous bone obtained from human patients were transplanted onto the calvaria of severe combined immunodeficient mice, with Calcein administered intra-peritoneally for fluorescent labelling of bone mineralisation. Conditioned media were prepared using osteophytes and cancellous bone, and growth factor concentration and effects of each graft on proliferation, differentiation and migration of osteoblastic cells were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, MTS ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)) assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and migration assays. Results After six weeks, the area of mineralisation was significantly higher for the transplanted osteophytes than for the cancellous bone (43803 μm2, sd 14660 versus 9421 μm2, sd 5032, p = 0.0184, one-way analysis of variance). Compared with cancellous bone, the conditioned medium prepared using osteophytes contained a significantly higher amounts of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (471 pg/ml versus 333 pg/ml, p = 0.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum test), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 (47.75 pg/ml versus 32 pg/ml, p = 0.0214, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (314.5 pg/ml versus 191 pg/ml, p = 0.0418, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The stronger effects of osteophytes towards osteoblasts in terms of a higher proliferation rate, upregulation of gene expression of differentiation markers such as alpha-1 type-1 collagen and alkaline phosphate, and higher migration, compared with cancellous bone, was confirmed. Conclusion We provide evidence of favourable features of osteophytes for bone mineralisation through a direct effect on osteoblasts. The acceleration in metabolic activity of the osteophyte provides justification for future studies evaluating the clinical use of osteophytes as autologous bone grafts. Cite this article: K. Ishihara, K. Okazaki, T. Akiyama, Y. Akasaki, Y. Nakashima. Characterisation of osteophytes as an autologous bone graft source: An experimental study in vivo and in vitro. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:73–81. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.62.BJR-2016-0199.R1.
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Baba Y, Saeki H, Nakashima Y, Oki E, Shigaki H, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Maehara Y, Baba H. Review of chemotherapeutic approaches for operable and inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-7. [PMID: 27868285 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The predominant histological types of esophageal cancer are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Since these two histological types present as different diseases in terms of their epidemiology, pathologenesis, and tumor biology, separate therapeutic approaches should be developed against each type. While surgical resection remains the dominant therapeutic intervention for patients with operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), their high rates of tumor recurrence have prompted investigation of multimodality therapies that combine surgery with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy. In Japan, preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by radical esophagectomy has been accepted as the standard therapeutic approach for resactable clinical Stage II/III ESCC. Similarly, the CDDP and 5-FU regimen has been accepted as the first-line treatment for metastatic and unresectable ESCCs in Japan. Thus, in Japan chemotherapy is an indispensable component of therapy for both resectable and unresectable ESCCs. This review discusses the current knowledge, rationale, and available data regarding chemotherapy for resectable and unresectable ESCCs.
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Kishi H, Kunimitsu Y, Nakashima Y, Imade J, Oshita S, Morishita Y, Asada M. Relationship between the mechanical properties of epoxy/PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA block copolymer blends and their three-dimensional nanostructures. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Fudeyasu K, Kawae T, Fukuhara K, Iwaki D, Nakashima Y, Ueda K, Ito Y, Hiramatsu A, Kimura H. The effect of liver dysfunction on muscle strength in liver disease patients. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Minami R, Imai T, Kariya T, Numakura T, Uehara M, Tsumura K, Ebashi Y, Kajino S, Endo Y, Nakashima Y. Measurement of effect of electron cyclotron heating in a tandem mirror plasma using a semiconductor detector array and an electrostatic energy analyzer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:11E306. [PMID: 27910325 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporally and spatially resolved soft x-ray and end-loss-electron analyses of the electron cyclotron heated plasmas are carried out by using a semiconductor detector array and an electrostatic energy analyzer in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. The flux and the energy spectrum of the end loss electrons are measured by a multi-grid energy analyzer. Recently, the electron cyclotron heating power modulation experiments have been started in order to generate and control the high heat flux and to make the edge localized mode-like intermittent heat load pattern for the divertor simulation studies by the use of these detectors for electron properties.
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Ichimura K, Fukumoto M, Islam MM, Islam MS, Shimizu K, Fukui K, Ohuchi M, Nojiri K, Terakado A, Yoshikawa M, Ezumi N, Sakamoto M, Nakashima Y. Measurement of neutral gas pressure in the D-module of GAMMA 10/PDX by using ASDEX type fast ionization gauge. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:11D424. [PMID: 27910550 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the divertor simulation experiments in the GAMMA 10/PDX tandem mirror, pressure of the neutral gas was investigated by using a fast ionization gauge. The gauge was absolutely calibrated for hydrogen gas by using a capacitance manometer. Change of the gauge sensitivity due to the magnetic field of GAMMA 10/PDX was also evaluated. The typical gas pressure measured in detached plasma experiments was 0.1-10 Pa. The degree of plasma detachment determined from the reduction of heat flux was enhanced as the gas pressure increases. Rapid increase of the gas pressure under the plasma flow was also observed.
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Hara T, Nakashima Y, Sakai Y, Nishio H, Motomura Y, Yamasaki S. Kawasaki disease: a matter of innate immunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:134-143. [PMID: 27342882 PMCID: PMC5054572 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood that does not have a known cause or aetiology. The epidemiological features (existence of epidemics, community outbreaks and seasonality), unique age distribution and clinical symptoms and signs of KD suggest that the disease is caused by one or more infectious environmental triggers. However, KD is not transmitted person-to-person and does not occur in clusters within households, schools or nurseries. KD is a self-limited illness that is not associated with the production of autoantibodies or the deposition of immune complexes, and it rarely recurs. Regarding the underlying pathophysiology of KD, innate immune activity (the inflammasome) is believed to play a role in the development of KD vasculitis, based on the results of studies with animal models and the clinical and laboratory findings of KD patients. Animal studies have demonstrated that innate immune pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can cause vasculitis independently of acquired immunity and have provided valuable insights regarding the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. To validate this concept, we recently searched for KD-specific PAMPs and identified such molecules with high specificity and sensitivity. These molecules have structures similar to those of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), as shown by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We propose herein that KD is an innate immune disorder resulting from the exposure of a genetically predisposed individual to microbe-derived innate immune stimulants and that it is not a typical infectious disease.
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Asada M, Oshita S, Morishita Y, Nakashima Y, Kunimitsu Y, Kishi H. Effect of miscible PMMA chain length on disordered morphologies in epoxy/PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA blends by in situ simultaneous SAXS/DSC. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kohagura J, Yoshikawa M, Wang X, Kuwahara D, Ito N, Nagayama Y, Shima Y, Nojiri K, Sakamoto M, Nakashima Y, Mase A. A 60-GHz interferometer with a local oscillator integrated antenna array for divertor simulation experiments on GAMMA 10/PDX. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:11E127. [PMID: 27910479 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In conventional multichannel/imaging microwave diagnostics of interferometry, reflectometry, and electron cyclotron emission measurements, a local oscillator (LO) signal is commonly supplied to a receiver array via irradiation using LO optics. In this work, we present a 60-GHz interferometer with a new eight-channel receiver array, called a local oscillator integrated antenna array (LIA). An outstanding feature of LIA is that it incorporates a frequency quadrupler integrated circuit for LO supply to each channel. This enables simple and uniform LO supply to the receiver array using only a 15-GHz LO source and a coaxial cable transmission line instead of using an expensive 60-GHz source, LO optics, and a waveguide transmission line. The new interferometer system is first applied to measure electron line-averaged density inside the divertor simulation experimental module (D-module) on GAMMA 10/PDX tandem mirror device.
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