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Campos Y, Martín MA, Rubio JC, Solana LG, García-Benayas C, Terradas JL, Arenas J. Leigh syndrome associated with the T9176C mutation in the ATPase 6 gene of mitochondrial DNA. Neurology 1997; 49:595-7. [PMID: 9270604 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.49.2.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A child with clinical and neuroradiologic evidence of Leigh syndrome (LS) had the T-to-C transition at nt 9176 in the ATPase 6 gene of mtDNA. The mutation was homoplasmic in muscle and maternally inherited. The proband's mother had ataxia and harbored 93% of mutant genomes in blood, whereas three clinically unaffected maternal relatives had varying degrees of heteroplasmy in blood. These data confirm the association of the T9176C mutation with LS and extend the clinical heterogeneity of mutations in the ATPase 6 gene.
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Arpa J, Campos Y, Gutiérrez-Molina M, Martin-Casanueva MA, Cruz-Martínez A, Pérez-Conde MC, López-Pajares R, Morales MC, Tatay J, Lacasa T, Barreiro P, Arenas J. Gene dosage effect in one family with myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF). Acta Neurol Scand 1997; 96:65-71. [PMID: 9272179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analyzed the percentage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy in blood samples of 13 individuals belonging to a three family generation of myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) and compared the 5 affected patients and the 8 unaffected relatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA was extracted from blood and muscle of the proband and from blood of 12 maternal relatives. A PCR restriction analysis method was used to detect the mutation. RESULTS The proband had the complete MERRF phenotype. The phenotype in three other individuals in the maternal lineage was consistent with the MERRF syndrome. The remaining were asymptomatic. The np 8344 mutation was observed in muscle and blood of the proband, and in blood from every one of 12 maternal relatives, ranging from 44% to 83% of mutated genomes. Symptomatic individuals had higher levels (P < 0.001) of mutated mtDNA than asymptomatic maternal relatives. However, high proportions of mutant genomes (up to 63%) were found in asymptomatic relatives. CONCLUSIONS Although there seems to be a gene dosage effect in MERRF, we found no absolute relationship between the relative proportion of mutant genomes in blood and clinical severity. Factors other than gene dosage in blood may account for the differences in clinical phenotype.
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Grossman GL, Campos Y, Severson DW, James AA. Evidence for two distinct members of the amylase gene family in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1997; 27:769-781. [PMID: 9443377 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(97)00063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Genomic DNA fragments encoding a salivary gland-specific alpha-amylase gene, Amylase I (Amy I), and an additional amylase, Amylase II (AmyII) of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, were isolated and characterized. Two independently isolated DNA fragments, G34-F and G34-14A, encode polymorphic alleles of Amy I. A 3.2 kilobase (kb) EcoR I fragment of G34-F, F2, has been sequenced in its entirety and contains 832 base pairs (bp) of the 5'-end, non-coding and putative promoter regions that are adjacent to 2.4 kb of the Amy I coding region. One intron, 59 bp in length, is found towards the 3'-end of the clone. A third genomic clone, 3A, corresponding to Amy II, was sequenced and shown not to contain the primary DNA sequence that encodes the 260 amino acid region that uniquely characterizes the amino terminal end of the Amy I product. Amy I was assigned by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping to chromosome 2 (23.0 cM) and Amy II to chromosome 1 (44.0 cM). Amy I and Amy II are highly polymorphic and there may be multiple linked copies at each locus. Comparisons between Amy I and Amy II are presented for the putative promoter and conceptual translation products. The identification of two distinct amylase genes and their separate linkage assignments provides evidence for a multigene family of alpha-amylases in Ae. aegypti.
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Perez AL, Campos Y, Chinchilla CM, Oehlschlager AC, Gries G, Gries R, Giblin-Davis RM, Castrillo G, Peña JE, Duncan RE, Gonzalez LM, Pierce, Jr. HD, McDonald R, Andrade R. Aggregation Pheromones and Host Kairomones of West Indian Sugarcane Weevil, Metamasius hemipterus sericeus. J Chem Ecol 1997. [DOI: 10.1023/b:joec.0000006377.13235.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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105
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Molina JA, de Bustos F, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Benito-León J, Gasalla T, Ortí-Pareja M, Vela L, Bermejo F, Martín MA, Campos Y, Arenas J. Respiratory chain enzyme activities in isolated mitochondria of lymphocytes from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1997; 48:636-8. [PMID: 9065539 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.48.3.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied respiratory chain enzyme activities in lymphocyte mitochondria from 33 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and from 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The respiratory chain enzyme activities did not differ significantly between patients and controls. No patient showed any value for respiratory chain enzyme levels below normal range. Values for activities of complexes in the AD group did not correlate with age at onset or duration of the disease. Our finding of normal mitochondrial function in lymphocyte mitochondria suggests that this tissue cannot be used to demonstrate the involvement of oxidative phosphorylation in AD and, thus, to develop a diagnostic test for AD.
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Rubio JC, Molina JA, Martín MA, Campos Y, Benito-León J, Ortí-Pareja M, Gasalla T, Arenas J. Cerebrospinal fluid carnitine levels in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1997; 145:183-5. [PMID: 9094047 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(96)00259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed free carnitine (FC) and acyl-carnitine esters (AC) in both CSF and plasma from 29 patients with diagnostic criteria for PD, and from 29 healthy matched-controls. FC and AC levels in both CSF and plasma did not differ significantly between PD patients and controls, they were not influenced significantly by anti-parkinsonian drugs, and did not correlate with age at onset, duration and severity of PD. These results suggest that CSF carnitine levels are apparently unrelated with the risk for PD.
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Arenas J, Gonzalez-Crespo MR, Campos Y, Martin MA, Cabello A, Gomez-Reino JJ. Abnormal carnitine distribution in the muscles of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:1869-74. [PMID: 8912509 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780391113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the levels of free carnitine and carnitine esters in the muscles of patients with inflammatory myopathies. METHODS Six men and 7 women with inflammatory myopathy and 25 age-matched healthy controls were studied. Free carnitine and carnitine esters in muscle homogenates were measured by a radiochemical procedure. Muscle histochemical staining and measurement of respiratory chain enzyme activity were also performed. RESULTS Eleven patients had muscle carnitine insufficiency. Five of them had subsarcolemmal oxidative accumulations, 5 had lipid droplets, and 4 had defects of the respiratory chain enzyme complexes. CONCLUSION Abnormal distribution of muscle carnitine is present in patients with inflammatory myopathies and could impair muscle function. Coexistent mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to carnitine insufficiency.
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Campos Y, Martín MA, Navarro C, Gordo P, Arenas J. Single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletion in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy associated with multiple symmetric lipomatosis. Neurology 1996; 47:1012-4. [PMID: 8857737 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.47.4.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In a nonalcoholic woman with multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL), muscle histochemistry showed ragged-red fibers and cytochrome c oxidase negative fibers. Southern blot analysis revealed a single deletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We suggest that MSL is an uncommon manifestation of the wide clinical spectrum of mitochondrial disorders, in particular of those associated with single mtDNA deletions.
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Martín MA, Molina JA, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Benito-León J, Ortí-Pareja M, Campos Y, Arenas J. Respiratory-chain enzyme activities in isolated mitochondria of lymphocytes from untreated Parkinson's disease patients. Grupo-Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento. Neurology 1996; 46:1343-6. [PMID: 8628479 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.46.5.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied respiratory-chain enzyme activities in lymphocyte mitochondria from 36 untreated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and in 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The respiratory-chain enzyme activities did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Moreover, no patient showed respiratory-chain enzyme levels below normal range. Values for activities of complexes in the PD group did not correlate with age at onset, duration, scores of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scales, or Hoehn and Yahr staging. These results suggest that the presence of defects of respiratory-chain complexes could depend on methodologic aspects, and that determinations of respiratory-chain enzymes in cell homogenates are not generally appropriate for evaluating abnormal mitochondrial dysfunction, especially when the amount of the specific enzyme is relatively low, as is the case of blood cells. In addition, the method of measuring complex I activity is critical for evaluating the results. In conclusion, our finding of normal mitochondrial function in lymphocyte mitochondria suggests that this tissue cannot be used to develop a diagnostic test for PD.
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Castro-Gago M, Pintos-Martínez E, Beiras-Iglesias A, Maroto S, Campos Y, Arenas J, Eirís-Puñal J. Leber's congenital amaurosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. J Child Neurol 1996; 11:108-11. [PMID: 8881986 DOI: 10.1177/088307389601100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the case histories of two 6-month-old girls, both with young, nonconsanguineous parents, referred to us for suspected blindness. In both cases, Leber's congenital amaurosis was diagnosed. Due to persistently high lactic acid levels in blood, muscle biopsies were taken. Analysis of biopsies revealed that both patients had low levels of complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain; one patient additionally had low levels of complex III. Microscopic and ultrastructural alterations of muscle, typically observed in mitochondrial disorders, were observed only in the second patient. These observations raise the possibility that at least some cases of Leber's congenital amaurosis may be due to alterations in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Campos Y, Martin MA, Lorenzo G, Aparicio M, Cabello A, Arenas J. Sporadic MERRF/MELAS overlap syndrome associated with the 3243 tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Muscle Nerve 1996; 19:187-90. [PMID: 8559168 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199602)19:2<187::aid-mus10>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We studied a patient with a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy characterized by the presence of all the cardinal features of both myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF) and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndromes. Muscle biopsy showed ragged-red fibers (RRF). Some RRF were cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-negative while some others stained positive for COX. Muscle biochemistry revealed defects of complexes I and IV of the respiratory chain. Both muscle and blood mitochondrial DNA from the patient showed the presence of the mutation at nucleotide position 3243 in the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene and the absence of point mutations related to MERRF syndrome. The proportions of mutant mtDNA were 70% in muscle and 30% in blood. The mutation was absent in blood from all maternal relatives, in hair follicles from the mother, and in muscle from one sister of the proband. Therefore, there was no evidence of maternal inheritance.
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Campos Y, Martín MA, Rubio JC, Ricard C, Cabello A, Arenas J. Multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA in muscle from a patient with benign progressive external ophthalmoplegia. J Inherit Metab Dis 1996; 19:366-7. [PMID: 8803781 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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113
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Campos Y, Martín MA, Vaamonde J, Cabello A, Esteban J, Arenas J. Clinical variability associated with the mutation at nucleotide position 8344 of the mitochondrial DNA. J Inherit Metab Dis 1996; 19:119-22. [PMID: 8739944 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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114
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Arenas J, Campos Y, Martín MA. [Molecular genetics of mitochondrial cytopathologies]. Neurologia 1995; 10 Suppl 1:44-9. [PMID: 8838558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years new descriptions of basic structural and functional aspects of mitochondrial DNA have furthered our understanding of the role mitochondrial genome mutations play in human diseases. These mutations can be classified in two large groups: deletions and duplications, and point mutations. Deletions are typically sporadic and patients that carry them have varying types of symptoms. Point mutations, which affect genes that code tRNAs or genes that code mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins, are inherited through the maternal line and are also associated to a wide range of clinical signs. Some alterations are inherited according to a Mendelian pattern, involving multiple deletions and duplications of mitochondrial DNA caused by a defect in a factor coded by the nuclear genome and implicated in the regularization and replication or transcription of the mitochondrial genome. These changes are also related, directly or indirectly, to aging and to such common diseases as maternally transmitted diabetes.
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Bautista J, Muñoz-Málaga A, Chinchón I, Segura D, Salazar JA, Bescansa E, Campos Y, Arenas J. [Adult onset mitochondrial myopathy without ophthalmoplegia. Four cases attributable to complex III and IV deficits in the respiratory chain]. Neurologia 1995; 10:319-23. [PMID: 8554781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Four adults with proximal myopathy of mitochondrial origin but no ocular involvement are presented. Biochemical analysis showed combined complex III and IV deficits in the respiratory chain in all cases, suggesting an apparent correlation between clinical phenotype and biochemical findings. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of muscle from 1 patient failed to detect either large-scale deletion or point mutations at position 3243 of tRNA(Leu(UUR)) or at 8344 of tRNA(Lys). The tissue specificity of the disease and the absence of family history suggest that a mutation in a nuclear DNA gene encoding a specific subunit of muscle could underlie this disease.
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Campos Y, Garcia-Silva T, Barrionuevo CR, Cabello A, Muley R, Arenas J. Mitochondrial DNA deletion in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and Fanconi's syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 1995; 13:69-72. [PMID: 7575854 DOI: 10.1016/0887-8994(95)00082-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletion was found in a 5-year-old girl with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and Fanconi's syndrome. Muscle biopsy disclosed ragged-red fibers and cytochrome c oxidase negative fibers. Respiratory chain studies were normal. Southern blot analysis demonstrated a 10.5-Kb heteroplasmic deletion in both muscle and blood. Deleted genomes represented 40% of total mitochondrial DNA in muscle and 63% in blood. There was no evidence of point mutations characteristic of MELAS. We suggest that not only patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia syndromes, but also those with defined syndromes [e.g., MELAS or myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF)] without characteristic point mutations, be screened for mitochondrial DNA deletions.
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Campos Y, Arenas J, Cabello A, Gomez-Reino JJ. Respiratory chain enzyme defects in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54:491-3. [PMID: 7632092 PMCID: PMC1009908 DOI: 10.1136/ard.54.6.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse muscle respiratory chain enzymes in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. METHODS Four consecutive female patients seen at our hospital with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy were studied. Muscle histochemical staining included NADH tetrazolium reductase and succinate dehydrogenase tests. Activity of rotenone sensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase (complex I and III) succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), succinate cytochrome c reductase (complex II and III), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and citrate synthase (a mitochondrial matrix enzyme), was measured spectrophotometrically in muscle homogenates. Free carnitine, and short and long chain acylcarnitine esters were determined in muscle homogenates by a radiochemical procedure. RESULTS Three patients had mitochondrial proliferation in nonregenerating muscle fibres; these patients had defects of respiratory chain enzyme complexes. Carnitine concentrations, measured in two of the four patients, revealed carnitine deficiency in one. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be present in patients with inflammatory myositis.
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Campos Y, Bautista J, Gutiérrez-Rivas E, Chinchón D, Cabello A, Segura D, Arenas J. Clinical heterogeneity in two pedigrees with the 3243 bp tRNA Leu(UUR)mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Acta Neurol Scand 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb06991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Campos Y, Bautista J, Gutiérrez-Rivas E, Chinchón D, Cabello A, Segura D, Arenas J. Clinical heterogeneity in two pedigrees with the 3243 bp tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Acta Neurol Scand 1995; 91:62-5. [PMID: 7732778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb05845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied two pedigrees with a mutation at the nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The proband from the first pedigree had clinically defined MELAS plus maternally transmitted insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The propositus of the other pedigree had exercise intolerance, lactic acidosis and ragged-red fibers (RRF). In the first pedigree, both the mother and the sister's proband harbored the point mutation in their muscle. The mother had 40% of mutant mitochondrial genomes and the sister 70%. In the second pedigree, the mutation was present in both muscle and blood from the proband as well as in blood from all other members studied. Proportion of mutant mtDNA was 90% in muscle and ranged from 40% to 90% in blood.
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García-Silva MT, Campos Y, Ribes A, Briones P, Cabello A, Santos Borbujo J, Arenas J, Garavaglia B. Encephalopathy, petechiae, and acrocyanosis with ethylmalonic aciduria associated with muscle cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. J Pediatr 1994; 125:843-4. [PMID: 7965445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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García-Silva M, Campos Y, Ribes A, Briones P, Cabello A, Borbujo J, Arenas J, Garavaglia B. Encephalopathy, petechiae, and acrocyanosis with ethylmalonic aciduria associated with muscle cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. The journal The Journal of Pediatrics 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(06)80197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Campos Y, Esteban J, Cabello A, Arenas J. Genetic analysis of one family with myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF). Muscle Nerve 1994; 17:1229-31. [PMID: 7935536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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123
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Arpa J, Campos Y, Cruz Martínez A, Gutiérrez Molina M, Arenas J, Alonso M, Plaza I, Morales C, Palomo F, Barreiro P. [Clinical and investigative approaches in mitochondrial diseases. A review of 15 cases]. Neurologia 1994; 9:324-36. [PMID: 7803049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of laboratory investigations in concerning 15 patients suspected of mitochondrial disease (MD) are presented. Our purpose is to provide an outline of the investigative modalities that support the clinical suspicion and have been found to be useful in the diagnosis. Five clinical groups were studied including 5 exercise intolerances (2 with inflammatory myopathy), 3 with myopathies (1 with dilated cardiomyopathy), 2 with progressive external oftalmoplegia (1 associated with cerebellar ataxia+epilepsy+hypertrophic cardiomyopathy+pes cavus), 4 with encephalopathies (3 with myoclonic encephalopathies with ataxia and dementia and 1 with epilepsy and tremor), and 1 with metabolic acidosis and cardiomyopathy. We used the following categories of investigative procedures: clinical phenotype analysis including pedigree study, neurophysiological tests, bicycle ergometric evaluation, neuroimaging, microscopic study of skeletal muscle biopsy, post-mortem examination, biochemical assays and molecular genetic studies. EMG showed myopathic changes in 5 cases, features of neuropathy in 2, mixed myopathic and neuropathic pattern in 1 and nonspecific changes in 3. EMG was normal in 3 patients. The most common skeletal muscle abnormalities were variation in fiber size (60%), lipid inclusions (33.3%), oxidative subsarcolemmal aggregates (26.7%) and ragged-red fibers (26.7%). Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial abnormalities in 8 out of 14 patients' muscle biopsies, and in myocardiac and hepatic tissues of another. Site of biochemical defect was located in 12 patients. Complex I defect in 6, complexes I+IV deficiencies in 3, complex II defect in 1, complex IV deficiency in 1, complexes II+IV deficiencies in 1, and complex III defect in 1. In 2 patients the biochemical defect was not located. Mitochondrial DNA alterations were not found in 7 investigated patients. The clinical spectrum of MD has become increasingly wider. After the clinica suspicion, the diagnosis depends up on the appropriate use of skeletal muscle biopsy, biochemical investigations and molecular genetic techniques. Conventional EMG and automatic measurement of the electromyogram are particularly helpful in confirming the clinical suspicion in patients with predominantly central nervous system disease or in cases in which clinical signs are few.
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Arpa J, Campos Y, Gutiérrez-Molina M, Cruz-Martínez A, Arenas J, Caminero AB, Palomo F, Morales C, Barreiro P. Benign mitochondrial myopathy with decreased succinate cytochrome C reductase activity. Acta Neurol Scand 1994; 90:281-4. [PMID: 7839816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb02722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In most of the cases previously described, the defect on complex II was suggested by low activity of succinate cytochrome C reductase (SCCR). The clinical pattern of the previous 10 cases is heterogeneous and may be limited to one particular tissue or be of a more general nature. We report a 22-year-old-woman, daughter of consanguineous parents, with generalized muscle weakness, easy fatigability and benign course, who showed a decrease of SCCR activity in mitochondria of muscle fibers. Free carnitine (FC) concentration was decreased in muscle as well. The muscle biopsy showed a mild variation in fiber size, with fiber type I predominance, subsarcolemmal oxidative DPNH accumulations, excess of neutral lipids and abnormally large mitochondria with paracrystalline inclusions. A possible inheritance pattern is discussed. Coenzyme Q10 therapy in this patient induced a significant increase of global MRC index score and a decrease of the turns-mean amplitude ratio in the automatic analysis of the EMG.
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Campos Y, Arenas J. Muscle carnitine deficiency associated with zidovudine-induced mitochondrial myopathy. Ann Neurol 1994; 36:680-1. [PMID: 7944307 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410360427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Martínez Bermejo A, Pascual Castroviejo I, Merinero B, Campos Y, López Martín V, Arcas J, Gutiérrez Molina M, Arenas J. [Complex I and IV deficits in the mitochondrial respiratory chain in two siblings with type I glutaric aciduria]. Neurologia 1994; 9:303-6. [PMID: 7946428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report two brothers with a glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) identified by Glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency in skin fibroblasts. The onset of neurologic abnormalities was at 6 and 9 months of age as an acute Reye-like presentation in one. Because of the hyperlactacidemia, hyperlactatorrachia, mitochondrial abnormalities in muscular cells and a deficiency in complex I and IV of the respiratory chain in isolated mitochondria from muscle, a presumptive diagnosis of Leigh syndrome was made. We analyze the difference between both disorders. GA-I should be suspected in patients with acute dystonia and psychomotor regression, lactic acidosis and hypodensity of the basal ganglia.
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Arenas J, Huertas R, Campos Y, Díaz AE, Villalón JM, Vilas E. Effects of L-carnitine on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activities in muscle of endurance athletes. FEBS Lett 1994; 341:91-3. [PMID: 8137928 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of L-carnitine on the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex and carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) were studied in muscle of 16 long-distance runners (LDR). These subjects received placebo or L-carnitine (2 g orally) during a 4-week period of training. Athletes receiving L-carnitine showed a dramatic increase (P < 0.001) in the PDH complex activities. By contrast, the levels of CPT, both 1 and 2, were unchanged. No significant changes were observed after placebo administration. We previously reported [Huertas R. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188 (1992) 102-107] that L-carnitine induces an increase in the activities of complexes I, III and IV of the respiratory chain in muscle of LDR. Taken together, our data suggest that the improvement in (maximal oxygen consumption) VO2max observed in LDR after L-carnitine administration is based on these biochemical findings.
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Campos Y, Bautista J, Gutierrez-Rivas E, Llabrés J, Lorenzo G, Arenas J. Variable clinical expression associated with the mutation 3243 np of mitochondrial DNA. J Inherit Metab Dis 1994; 17:634-5. [PMID: 7837776 DOI: 10.1007/bf00711608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Campos Y, Huertas R, Bautista J, Gutiérrez E, Aparicio M, Lorenzo G, Segura D, Villanueva M, Cabello A, Alesso L. Muscle carnitine deficiency and lipid storage myopathy in patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Muscle Nerve 1993; 16:778-81. [PMID: 8505934 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880160713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal carnitine distribution in muscle was found in 22 of 77 patients (29%), with mitochondrial myopathy. Furthermore, total (TC) and free (FC) carnitine levels in muscle were lower in patients than in controls (P < 0.01). Muscle long-chain acylcarnitines (LCAC) were significantly increased in these patients (P < 0.01). Muscle carnitine deficiency was found in 31.5% of patients with lipid storage myopathy (LSM) and in 25.6% of patients with ragged-red fibers (RRF). Therefore, carnitine deficiency can be found in patients with mitochondrial myopathy even in the absence of LSM. Muscle levels of TC and FC were lower in patients with respiratory chain defects than in those with normal respiratory chain (P < 0.01). In contrast, LCAC levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Carnitine levels did not differ significantly, among patients with different respiratory-chain defects. Consequently, these patients, owing to their biochemical block, reduce progressively the muscle carnitine pool and subsequent LCAC rise, due to long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) accumulation.
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Barroso N, Campos Y, Huertas R, Esteban J, Molina JA, Alonso A, Gutierrez-Rivas E, Arenas J. Respiratory chain enzyme activities in lymphocytes from untreated patients with Parkinson disease. Clin Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/39.4.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Respiratory chain enzyme activities were studied in lymphocytes from patients with Parkinson disease (PD) (n = 16) and age-matched control subjects (n = 15). The patients had received no therapy before the study was conducted. Complex I, III, and IV activities were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients than in control subjects. A complex I defect was found in one patient, whereas complex IV was defective in another. Two patients had combined defects of both complexes. The use of lymphocytes for investigating the respiratory chain enzymes provides an easy, noninvasive method to assess mitochondrial function in patients with PD. Furthermore, our study supports the hypothesis that a biochemical defect in the respiratory chain may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Barroso N, Campos Y, Huertas R, Esteban J, Molina JA, Alonso A, Gutierrez-Rivas E, Arenas J. Respiratory chain enzyme activities in lymphocytes from untreated patients with Parkinson disease. Clin Chem 1993; 39:667-9. [PMID: 8386068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory chain enzyme activities were studied in lymphocytes from patients with Parkinson disease (PD) (n = 16) and age-matched control subjects (n = 15). The patients had received no therapy before the study was conducted. Complex I, III, and IV activities were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients than in control subjects. A complex I defect was found in one patient, whereas complex IV was defective in another. Two patients had combined defects of both complexes. The use of lymphocytes for investigating the respiratory chain enzymes provides an easy, noninvasive method to assess mitochondrial function in patients with PD. Furthermore, our study supports the hypothesis that a biochemical defect in the respiratory chain may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Campos Y, Huertas R, Lorenzo G, Bautista J, Gutiérrez E, Aparicio M, Alesso L, Arenas J. Plasma carnitine insufficiency and effectiveness of L-carnitine therapy in patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Muscle Nerve 1993; 16:150-3. [PMID: 8429838 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880160205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasma carnitine "insufficiency," (plasma esterified carnitine to free carnitine ratio above 0.25) was found in 21 of 48 (43.8%) patients with mitochondrial myopathy, of whom 4 also showed both total and free carnitine deficiencies in plasma. In addition, plasma levels of SCAC and LCAC were higher in patients with mitochondrial myopathy than in controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Patients diagnosed as having plasma carnitine insufficiency or deficiency were treated with L-carnitine (50-200 mg/kg per day in four daily doses). Muscle weakness improved in 19 of 20 patients, failure to thrive in 4 of 8, encephalopathy in 1 of 9, and cardiomyopathy in 8 of 8 patients. Plasma carnitine "insufficiency" provides an additional clue to the diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy and an indication for L-carnitine therapy.
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Huertas R, Campos Y, Díaz E, Esteban J, Vechietti L, Montanari G, D'Iddio S, Corsi M, Arenas J. Respiratory chain enzymes in muscle of endurance athletes: effect of L-carnitine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 188:102-7. [PMID: 1329742 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)92355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of L-carnitine on respiratory chain enzymes in muscle of long distance runners were studied in 14 athletes. These subjects received placebo or L-carnitine (2 g orally b.i.d.) during a 4-week period of training. Athletes receiving L-carnitine showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the activities of rotenone-sensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase, succinate cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase. In contrast, succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were unchanged. No significant changes were observed after placebo administration. The levels of both total and free carnitine from athletes receiving placebo were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after treatment. By contrast, total and free carnitine levels were markedly increased (p < 0.01) after supplementation with L-carnitine. Our results suggest that L-carnitine induces an increase of the respiratory chain enzyme activities in muscle, probably by mechanisms involving mitochondrial DNA.
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Arenas J, Huertas RA, Campos Y, Cabello A, Gutierrez E, Bautista J, Segura D. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and mitochondrial abnormalities. Muscle Nerve 1992; 15:1055-6. [PMID: 1518515 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880150911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Márquez C, Bautista J, Arenas J, Segura D, Chinchón I, Rafel E, Campos Y, Huerta R. [Complex I (NADH coenzyme-Q-reductase) deficiency, MELAS syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. Neurologia 1991; 6:185-7. [PMID: 1908255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24-year-old male had a deficiency of the complex I (NADH coenzyme-Q-reductase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which clinically presented as a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS syndrome). The encephalopathic episodes were preceded by migraine and were characterized by focal deficit signs, motor partial seizures and hypodense areas in the CT scan. An echocardiographic diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without intracavitary thrombi was made. It is suggested that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by the mitochondrial abnormalities that have been reported in the myocardium, and that migraine and cerebral infarctions are associated with abnormalities in the mitochondria from the endothelium and smooth muscle fibres of the cerebral small arteries and arterioles.
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