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Lai Y, Xu X, Yan R, Hua Z. Evaluation of mycoplasma removal reagents using qPCR-based quantification. Anal Biochem 2019; 564-565:88-95. [PMID: 30336125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of various mycoplasma removal reagents using nuclear staining, DNA gel electrophoresis, and qPCR-based quantification. Our results showed Plasmocure and Plasmocin are two effective anti-mycoplasma reagents whose effects can be observed within a week. However, prolonged treatment with Plasmocin led to development of resistance. Withdrawal of anti-mycoplasma reagents led to reoccurrence of mycoplasma contamination, but addition of prevention reagent, such as Primocin, prevented recontamination. Therefore, sequential treatment by Plasmocure and Primocin is the best course of action against mycoplasma contamination. Lastly, we developed methods based on qPCR to estimate the average number of mycoplasma associated with a single contaminated cell. We have shown, for the first time, that untreated contaminated BEAS-2B cells have approximately 300-400 mycoplasma contaminants per cell in the cytoplasm or attached to the cell membrane. Furthermore, withdrawal of anti-mycoplasma reagents led to reoccurrence of mycoplasma contamination within two days, and therefore continued use of prevention reagent is imperative.
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Lin Y, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhou F, Zhao Q, Xu G, Hua Z. Protective role of nano-selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum in delaying the onset of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181156. [PMID: 30662733 PMCID: PMC6304152 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) could accumulate Selenium (Se) and nano-Se in the form of Se-B. longum and Nano-Se-B. longum, respectively. In this study, the effect of Nano-Se-B. longum in diabetic mice was evaluated. Physiological and metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, body weight, serum insulin level, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), food intake, water consumption and urine output were evaluated. The expression of insulin signalling pathway-related proteins was evaluated by western blotting. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) was used for histological examination of the liver, pancreas and kidney sections. Creatinine levels in serum (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Nano-Se-B. longum was the best in terms of delaying the onset of diabetes. Nano-Se-B. longum decreased blood glucose and body weight compared with those noted for the model group. IPGTT, food intake, water consumption and urine output significantly increased and serum insulin levels significantly decreased in the model group compared with those in all the Nano-Se-B. longum-treated mice. Histological results showed that the Nano-Se-B. longum-treated mice were better than the model group mice in terms of pathological changes. The expression of insulin signalling pathway-related proteins was upregulated in the Nano-Se-B. longum-treated groups. A significant increase in SCr and BUN levels was noted in the model group. This study for the first time reported the dose-dependent preventive effect of Nano-Se-B. longum on the onset of diabetes and renal damage. The mechanism may be related to changes in insulin signalling.
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Zhang L, Lin Z, Bi Y, Zheng X, Xiao H, Hua Z. CO2 concentration affects in vitro pig embryo developmental capacity. Pol J Vet Sci 2018; 21:609-614. [PMID: 30468346 DOI: 10.24425/124296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Culture gas atmosphere is one of the most important factors affecting embryo development in vitro. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of CO concentration on the subsequent pre-implantation developmental capacity of pig embryos in vitro, including embryos obtained via parthenogenesis, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Pig embryos were developed in four different CO2 concentrations in air: 3%, 5%, 10%, or 15%. The cleavage rate of pig parthenogenetic, IVF, or ICSI embryos developed in CO2 concen- trations under 5% was the highest. There were no significant differences in the oocyte cleavage rate in ICSI embryos in CO2 concentrations under 3% and 5% (p>0.05). However, as CO2 levels increased (up to 15%) the blastocyst output on day 7, from parthenogenetic, IVF, and ICSI em- bryos, decreased to 0%. These findings demonstrate that CO2 positively affects the developmen- tal capacity of pig embryos. However, high or low CO2 levels do not significantly improve the developmental capacity of pig embryos. The best results were obtained for all of the pig embryos at a 5% CO2 concentration.
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Huang K, Gao M, Fan L, Lai Y, Fan H, Hua Z. Correction: IR820 covalently linked with self-assembled polypeptide for photothermal therapy applications in cancer. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:3410. [PMID: 30383051 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm90057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'IR820 covalently linked with self-assembled polypeptide for photothermal therapy applications in cancer' by Kaizong Huang et al., Biomater. Sci., 2018, 6, 2925-2931.
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Lai Y, Xu X, Zhu Z, Hua Z. Highly efficient siRNA transfection in macrophages using apoptotic body-mimic Ca-PS lipopolyplex. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6603-6623. [PMID: 30425477 PMCID: PMC6205523 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The discovery and development of RNA interference has made a tremendous contribution to the biochemical and biomedical field. However, liposomal transfection protocols to deliver siRNAs to certain types of cells, eg, immune cells, are not viable due to exceedingly low transfection efficiency. While viral delivery and electroporation are two widely adopted approaches to transfect immune cells, they are associated with certain drawbacks such as complexity of preparation, biosafety issues, and high cytotoxicity. We believe amendments can be made to liposomal formulas and protocols to achieve a highly efficient knockdown of genes by liposome-loaded siRNAs. Aim The aim of this study was to use the apoptotic-mimic Ca-PS lipopolyplex to achieve highly efficient siRNA knockdown of genes in the hard-to-transfect macrophages with reduced cytotoxicity and more efficient cellular uptake. Results We devised an anionic liposomal formula containing phosphatidylserine to mimic the apoptotic body, the Ca-PS lipopolyplex. Ca-PS lipopolyplex was proven to be capable of delivering and effecting efficient gene knockdown in multiple cell lines at lowered cytotoxicity. Among the two types of macrophages, namely Ana-1 and bone-marrow derived macrophages, Ca-PS lipopolyplex showed an improvement in knockdown efficiency, as high as 157%, over Lipo2000. Further investigations revealed that Ca-PS promotes increased cellular uptake, lysosomal escape and localization of siRNAs to the perinuclear regions in macrophages. Lastly, transfection by Ca-PS lipopolyplex did not induce spontaneous polarization of macrophages. Conclusion The apoptotic body-mimic Ca-PS lipopolyplex is a stable, non-cytotoxic liposomal delivery system for siRNAs featuring vastly improved potency for macrophages and lowered cytotoxicity. It is speculated that Ca-PS lipopolyplex can be applied to other immune cells such as T cells and DC cells, but further research efforts are required to explore its promising potentials.
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Ma K, Ren L, Li S, Hua Z, Zhang H, Qi L, He F, Zhang S, Wang G, Feng Z. P764Impact of conduction disturbance after anatomical repair for congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Chen X, Li W, Xu C, Wang J, Zhu B, Huang Q, Chen D, Sheng J, Zou Y, Lee YM, Tan R, Shen P, Wong YK, Lin Q, Wang J, Hua Z. Comparative profiling of analog targets: a case study on resveratrol for mouse melanoma metastasis suppression. Theranostics 2018; 8:3504-3516. [PMID: 30026862 PMCID: PMC6037041 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant-specialized metabolites have remedial properties and provide an endless chemical resource for drug discovery. However, most of these metabolites have promiscuous binding targets in mammalian cells and elicit a series of responses that collectively change the physiology of the cells. To explore the potential of these multi-functional and multi-targeted drugs, it is critical to understand the direct relationships between their key chemical features, the corresponding binding targets and the relevant biological effects, which is a prerequisite for future drug modification and optimization. Methods: We introduced and demonstrated a general workflow, called Comparative Profiling of Analog Targets (CPAT), to connect specific biological effects with defined chemical structures of drugs. Using resveratrol (RSV) as an example, we have synthesized and characterized a series of partial functional analogs of RSV. An analog (named RSVN) that specifically lost the inhibitory effect of RSV in cell migration was identified. The binding targets of RSVN and RSV was profiled and compared. Results: Comparative profiling of the RSV and RSVN binding targets showed that, unlike RSV, RSVN failed to target specific components involved in DNA methylation (histone deacetylase 1 [HDAC1] and DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha [DNMT3a]), suggesting that RSV suppresses cell migration through epigenetic regulation. Indeed, RSV treatment recruited HDAC1 and DNMT3a to the promoter region of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key factor involved in cell adhesion, enhanced the promoter methylation, and thus attenuated the protein expression. The inhibitory effect of RSV in cell migration was diminished once FAK expression was restored. Thus, the mechanism of RSV in inhibiting cell migration could be largely accounted to epigenetically control of FAK expression. Conclusion: Our results showed that even though RSV exhibits promiscuous binding, its inhibitory effect on cell migration can be mechanistically understood. First, the presence of 4'-hydroxystilbene within the RSV structure is essential for this activity. Second, it inhibits cell migration through epigenetically based downregulation of FAK expression. Taken together, we propose that CPAT might also be adapted to delineate the specific function of other natural products (NPs) that exhibit binding promiscuity.
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Xu W, Zhou T, Zhou J, Qiang Z, Zhang J, Hua Z. Attenuated Salmonella VNP20009 mutant (ΔhtrA) is a promising candidate for bacteria-mediated tumour therapy in hosts with TNFR1 deficiency. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:97-103. [PMID: 29698572 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
VNP20009 is a genetically modified strain of Salmonella typhimurium and has a good anticancer effect wildly used in tumour therapy on animal models. For its clinical application, an accurate bio-safety assessment on sensitive models is necessary. In this study, we use TNFR1 KO mice as a susceptive model to assess the virulence of bacterial VNP20009 and its derivative ΔhtrA. By intraperitoneal administration of Salmonella, the increased lethality was observed in TNFR1 KO mice infected with VNP20009, but not with ΔhtrA. We performed a systemically comparative analysis of their toxicity, and ΔhtrA shows a better bio-safety for TNFR1 KO mice. Since the macrophages with TNFR1 deficiency exhibit a reduced ability of bacteria clearance, ΔhtrA with lower survival ability in normal macrophages restores its viability in TNFR1 KO macrophages. Thus, ΔhtrA was further tested for its antitumour effect in TNFR1 KO mice bearing a B16F10 melanoma model. It displays a moderate antitumour effect, suggesting ΔhtrA instead of VNP20009 might be a promising candidate for bacteria-mediated tumour therapy specific to those with low immunity. SIGNIFICANT AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY VNP20009 is attenuated Salmonella with a good safety widely used for tumour-targeting bacterial therapies. Little is known about its toxicity in hosts with low immunity. This study is the first systemically comparative analysis of their toxicity of VNP20009 and its mutant ΔhtrA in TNFR1-KO mice. Research on toxicity of tumour-targeting Salmonella in mice with immunodeficiency can facilitate the optimization of bacterial therapies with reduced adverse effects in future clinical trials.
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Tian T, Hua Z, Wang LZ, Wang XY, Chen HY, Liu ZH, Cui ZM. [S100A7 promotes the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition on HeLa and CaSki cells]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2018. [PMID: 29534378 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the impact of over-expression of S100A7 on migration, invasion, proliferation, cell cycle, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells. Methods: (1) Immunohistochemistry of SP was used to examine the expression of S100A7 in 40 cases of squamous cervical cancer tissues and 20 cases of normal cervical tissues. (2) The vectors of pLVX-IRES-Neo-S100A7 and pLVX-IRES-Neo were used to transfect human cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells, and the positive clones were screened and identified. Next, transwell migration assay, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and fluorescence activating cell sorter (FACS) were used to detect the effect of S100A7-overexpression on the migration, invasion, proliferation and cell cycle of cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, western blot was performed to observe the expression of epithelial marker (E-cadherin) and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin) of EMT. Results: (1) S100A7 expression was significantly higher in cervical squamous cancer tissues (median 91.6) than that in normal cervical tissues (median 52.1; Z=-2.948, P=0.003) . (2) Stable S100A7-overexpressed cells were established using lentiviral-mediated gene delivery in HeLa and CaSki cells. S100A7 was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, S100A7 mRNA of S100A7-overexpressed cells were 119±3 and 177±16, increased significantly compared with control groups of median (P<0.01) . Compared with the control cells, the number of S100A7-overexpressed HeLa and CaSki cells that passed the transwell membrane assay were increased significanatly (572±51 vs 337±25, P<0.01; 100±8 vs 41±4, P<0.01) .Matrigel invasion assay showed that the number of S100A7-overexpressed HeLa and CaSki cells that passed the transwell membrane were respectively 441±15 and 110±14, elevated significantly compared with control cells (156±21 and 59±7; P<0.05) . However, S100A7 overexpression didn't influence the proliferation and cell cycle progression of HeLa and CaSki cells (P>0.05) . Expression of E-cadherin was dramatically decreased, while N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin increased in S100A7-overexpressed cells. Conclusion: S100A7 enhances the migration, invasion and EMT of HeLa cells and CaSki cells, and may be plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer.
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Huang K, Gao M, Fan L, Lai Y, Fan H, Hua Z. IR820 covalently linked with self-assembled polypeptide for photothermal therapy applications in cancer. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2925-2931. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00399h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptide covalently was linked with IR820 in an aqueous environment, followed by self-assembly into nanoparticles after adding to zinc ions solution. ELP-IR820 nanoparticles significantly accumulated at the tumor site.
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Chen L, Xie J, Wu H, Zang F, Ma M, Hua Z, Gu N, Zhang Y. Improving sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging by using a dual-targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoprobe. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 161:339-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang X, Han Y, Song L, Huo L, Lai X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hua Z. A protective role for FADD dominant negative (FADD-DN) mutant in trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced murine contact hypersensitivity reactions. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:380-388. [PMID: 29277981 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a classic adaptor protein in apoptosis. Increasing evidence has shown that FADD is also implicated in T-cell development, activation and proliferation. The role of FADD in inflammatory disorders remains largely unexplored. AIM To assess the role of FADD in inflammatory disorders. METHODS We established an experimental model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) by using 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) on transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant of FADD (FADD-DN), RESULTS: CHS responses were clearly attenuated in FADD-DN mice compared with control mice. In the retroauricular lymph nodes, the ratio of CD8+ T cells was also decreased. CONCLUSION FADD-DN appears to play a protective role in TNCB-induced CHS reactions.
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Wang J, Liu J, Cao Y, Hu M, Hua Z. Domain IV of Annexin A5 Is Critical for Binding Calcium and Guarantees Its Maximum Binding to the Phosphatidylserine Membrane. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122256. [PMID: 29257055 PMCID: PMC6149819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although domain IV of annexin A5 (anxA5) may be less effective in binding phosphatidylserine (PS), the four domains together may guarantee the maximum binding of anxA5 to the PS membrane. Additionally, previous research has shown that annexin mutants lacking one or more domain(s) have different biological activities compared to the wild-type. The present research mainly aims to study the role of domain IV in the crucial PS-binding function of anxA5. Methods: The domain IV-truncated anxA5 protein was constructed and purified. Isothermal titration calorimetry, flow cytometry and activated partial thromboplastin time were adopted to examine the function of domain IV in anxA5-PS binding directly or indirectly. Results: The domain IV-truncated form of anxA5 is impaired in binding PS liposome and apoptotic cells, and anticoagulation activity. The mutant cannot bind calcium, but binds PS only in the presence of calcium. Conclusions: Truncation of domain IV of anxA5 destroys its calcium-binding ability and impairs its PS-binding activity. Truncation of domain IV may induce conformation change of anxA5 or reduce the hydrophobic interactions between protein and membrane, which may explain the decrease of PS-binding affinity of the mutant.
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Chen X, Wang J, Fu Z, Zhu B, Wang J, Guan S, Hua Z. Curcumin activates DNA repair pathway in bone marrow to improve carboplatin-induced myelosuppression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17724. [PMID: 29255221 PMCID: PMC5735145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin, a second-generation platinum agent, has been used as a cancer therapy for decades and exhibits strong anti-tumor activity. However, the wide application of carboplatin is largely limited due to its side effects, especially myelosuppression. Here, we combined carboplatin with curcumin, a natural product that improves tumor-induced anemia, for the treatment of fibrosarcoma to improve the side effects of carboplatin. We first examined the synergistic and attenuated effects of the two agents in a T241-bearing mouse model. The combination therapy caused no obvious synergistic effect, but curcumin significantly improved the survival rate of carboplatin-treated mice. Histologic analysis of the kidney and bone marrow revealed that curcumin improved carboplatin-induced myelosuppression but did not affect the kidney. To determine the mechanism involved, we introduced a probe derived from curcumin to identify its targets in bone marrow cells and the results provided us a clue that curcumin might affect the DNA repair pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that curcumin up-regulated BRCA1, BRCA2 and ERCC1 expression in bone marrow. In conclusion, curcumin attenuates carboplatin-induced myelosuppression by activating the DNA repair pathway in bone marrow cells.
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Wang K, Ji L, Hua Z. Functional Peptides from Laminin-1 Improve the Cell Adhesion Capacity of Recombinant Mussel Adhesive Protein. Protein Pept Lett 2017; 24:348-352. [PMID: 28117011 DOI: 10.2174/0929866524666170123142225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since cell adhesion is important for cell processes such as migration and proliferation, it is a crucial consideration in biomaterial design and development. Based on the fusion of mussel adhesive protein fp151 with laminin-1-originated functional peptides we designed fusion proteins (fLA4, fLG6 and fAG73) and explored their cell adhesion properties. In our study, cell adhesion analysis showed that protein fLG6 and fLA4 had a significantly higher cell adhesion property for A549 than fp151. Moreover, protein fAG73 also displayed a strong adhesion capacity for Hela cells. In conclusion, the incorporation of functional peptides with integrin and heparin/heparan sulphate binding capacity into mussel adhesive protein will promote the application of mussel adhesive protein as cell adhesion biomaterial.
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Niu Z, Shi Q, Zhang W, Shu Y, Yang N, Chen B, Wang Q, Zhao X, Chen J, Cheng N, Feng X, Hua Z, Ji J, Shen P. Caspase-1 cleaves PPARγ for potentiating the pro-tumor action of TAMs. Nat Commun 2017; 8:766. [PMID: 28974683 PMCID: PMC5626701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are increasingly viewed as a target of great relevance in the tumor microenvironment, because of their important role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the endogenous regulatory mechanisms underlying tumor-associated macrophage differentiation remain largely unknown. Here, we report that caspase-1 promotes tumor-associated macrophage differentiation by cleaving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) at Asp64, thus generating a 41 kDa fragment. This truncated PPARγ translocates to mitochondria, where it directly interacts with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD). This binding event attenuates MCAD activity and inhibits fatty acid oxidation, thereby leading to the accumulation of lipid droplets and promoting tumor-associated macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, the administration of caspase-1 inhibitors or the infusion of bone marrow-derived macrophages genetically engineered to overexpress murine MCAD markedly suppresses tumor growth. Therefore, targeting the caspase-1/PPARγ/MCAD pathway might be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent tumor progression.Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer progression. Here, the author show that caspase-1 promotes TAMs differentiation by attenuating medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and that inhibition of this axis results in suppression of tumour growth in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer.
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Chen X, Zhang J, Yuan L, Lay Y, Wong YK, Lim TK, Ong CS, Lin Q, Wang J, Hua Z. Andrographolide Suppresses MV4-11 Cell Proliferation through the Inhibition of FLT3 Signaling, Fatty Acid Synthesis and Cellular Iron Uptake. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091444. [PMID: 28858244 PMCID: PMC6151431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Andrographolide (ADR), the main active component of Andrographis paniculata, displays anticancer activity in various cancer cell lines, among which leukemia cell lines exhibit the highest sensitivity to ADR. In particular, ADR was also reported to have reduced drug resistance in multidrug resistant cell lines. However, the mechanism of action (MOA) of ADR’s anticancer and anti-drug-resistance activities remain elusive. Methods: In this study, we used the MV4-11 cell line, a FLT3 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line that displays multidrug resistance, as our experimental system. We first evaluated the effect of ADR on MV4-11 cell proliferation. Then, a quantitative proteomics approach was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins in ADR-treated MV4-11 cells. Finally, cellular processes and signal pathways affected by ADR in MV4-11 cell were predicted with proteomic analysis and validated with in vitro assays. Results: ADR inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. With a proteomic approach, we discovered that ADR inhibited fatty acid synthesis, cellular iron uptake and FLT3 signaling pathway in MV4-11 cells. Conclusions: ADR inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation through inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, iron uptake and protein synthesis. Furthermore, ADR reduces drug resistance by blocking FLT3 signaling.
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Zang S, Shao G, Cui C, Li TN, Huang Y, Yao X, Fan Q, Chen Z, Du J, Jia R, Sun H, Hua Z, Tang J, Wang F. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for prostate cancer staging and risk stratification in Chinese patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12247-12258. [PMID: 28103574 PMCID: PMC5355341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the clinical utility of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for staging and risk stratification of treatment-naïve prostate cancer (PCa) and metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Twenty-two consecutive patients with treatment-naïve PCa and 18 with mCRPC were enrolled. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed for the evaluation of primary prostatic lesions, and bone scans were used for evaluation bone metastasis. Among the 40 patients, 37 (92.5% [22 treatment-naïve PCa, 15 mCRPC]) showed PSMA-avid lesions on 68Ga-PSMA-11 images. Only 3 patients with stable mCRPC after chemotherapy were negative for PSMA. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 imaging were 97.3%, 100.0% and 97.5%, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) of prostatic lesions was 17.09 ± 11.08 and 13.33 ± 12.31 in treatment-naïve PCa and mCRPC, respectively. 68Ga-PSMA-11 revealed 105 metastatic lymph nodes in 15 patients; the SUVmax was 16.85 ± 9.70 and 7.54 ± 5.20 in treatment-naïve PCa and mCRPC, respectively. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT also newly detected visceral metastasis in 9 patients (22.5%) and bone metastasis in 29 patients (72.5%). 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT exhibits potential for staging and risk stratification in naïve PCa, as well as improved sensitivity for detection of lymph node and remote metastasis.
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Chen X, Wong YK, Lim TK, Lim WH, Lin Q, Wang J, Hua Z. Artesunate Activates the Intrinsic Apoptosis of HCT116 Cells through the Suppression of Fatty Acid Synthesis and the NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:E1272. [PMID: 28786914 PMCID: PMC6152404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The artemisinin compounds, which are well-known for their potent therapeutic antimalarial activity, possess in vivo and in vitro antitumor effects. Although the anticancer effect of artemisinin compounds has been extensively reported, the precise mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity remain under intensive study. In the present study, a high-throughput quantitative proteomics approach was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins of HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line with artesunate (ART) treatment. Through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we discovered that the top-ranked ART-regulated biological pathways are abrogation of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. Subsequent assays showed that ART inhibits HCT116 cell proliferation through suppressing the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In addition, ART also regulates several proteins that are involved in NF-κB pathway, and our subsequent assays showed that ART suppresses the NF-κB pathway. These proteomic findings will contribute to improving our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of ART for its therapeutic cytotoxic effect towards cancer cells.
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Zhang M, Zhou L, Zhang S, Yang Y, Xu L, Hua Z, Zou X. Bifidobacterium longum affects the methylation level of forkhead box P3 promoter in 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid induced colitis in rats. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:426-430. [PMID: 28733028 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum (B. Longum) is a common probiotic colonized in the human gut and against the development of chronic inflammation including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). But the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the affection of B. longum on the methylation levels of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) promoter. 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat models were treated with B. longum or medium, respectively. The genomic DNA of spleen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cells was extracted. After bisulphite treatment and pyrosequencing, the methylation levels of each CpG sites in the promoter of forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) were analyzed. B. Longum treatment changes the methylation level in Foxp3 promoter in TNBS-treated colitis rats, and significantly demethylates several CpG sites in Foxp3 promoter. The demethylation of Foxp3 promoter might be involved in the effectiveness of B. Longum treatment for IBD. Further research remains necessary to investigate the role of B. Longum in Foxp3 demethylation. Using B. Longum or its metabolic products is an option for further investigations on potential treatments for IBD.
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71
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Sun XN, Li C, Liu Y, Du LJ, Zeng MR, Zheng XJ, Zhang WC, Liu Y, Zhu M, Kong D, Zhou L, Lu L, Shen ZX, Yi Y, Du L, Qin M, Liu X, Hua Z, Sun S, Yin H, Zhou B, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Duan SZ. T-Cell Mineralocorticoid Receptor Controls Blood Pressure by Regulating Interferon-Gamma. Circ Res 2017; 120:1584-1597. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Hypertension remains to be a global public health burden and demands novel intervention strategies such as targeting T cells and T-cell–derived cytokines. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists have been clinically used to treat hypertension. However, the function of T-cell MR in blood pressure (BP) regulation has not been elucidated.
Objective:
We aim to determine the role of T-cell MR in BP regulation and to explore the mechanism.
Methods and Results:
Using T-cell MR knockout mouse in combination with angiotensin II–induced hypertensive mouse model, we demonstrated that MR deficiency in T cells strikingly decreased both systolic and diastolic BP and attenuated renal and vascular damage. Flow cytometric analysis showed that T-cell MR knockout mitigated angiotensin II–induced accumulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)–producing T cells, particularly CD8
+
population, in both kidneys and aortas. Similarly, eplerenone attenuated angiotensin II–induced elevation of BP and accumulation of IFN-γ–producing T cells in wild-type mice. In cultured CD8
+
T cells, T-cell MR knockout suppressed IFN-γ expression whereas T-cell MR overexpression and aldosterone both enhanced IFN-γ expression. At the molecular level, MR interacted with NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1) and activator protein-1 in T cells. Finally, T-cell MR overexpressing mice manifested more elevated BP compared with control mice after angiotensin II infusion and such difference was abolished by IFN-γ–neutralizing antibodies.
Conclusions:
MR may interact with NFAT1 and activator protein-1 to control IFN-γ in T cells and to regulate target organ damage and ultimately BP. Targeting MR in T cells specifically may be an effective novel approach for hypertension treatment.
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Marikar FMMT, Jin G, Sheng W, Ma D, Hua Z. Metallothionein 2A an interactive protein linking phosphorylated FADD to NF-κB pathway leads to colorectal cancer formation. Chin Clin Oncol 2017; 5:76. [PMID: 28061540 DOI: 10.21037/cco.2016.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid increase in the incidence rate of colorectal cancer has led to the search and identification of biomarkers that can predict risk for and future behavior of this malignancy and management. To study the biological role of the phosphorylated Fas associated death domain (pFADD) gene in colorectal cancer, we performed a GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid screening of a human heart cDNA library. METHODS A series of two yeast hybrid method was used to identification of protein-protein interaction. It was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull down assay and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). Three channeled fluorescence microscopy further confirmed the interaction in cellular level. Xenograft in vivo model was developed and knockdown relevant genes by RNAi techniques and confirmed the relationship which leads to colorectal cancer. RESULTS Using the FADD cDNA as bait, we identified six putative clones as associated proteins. The interaction of pFADD and metallothionein 2A (MT2A) was confirmed by GST pull-down assays in vitro and co-IP experiments in vivo. FADD co-localized with MT2A mostly to nuclei and slightly to cytoplasm, as shown by three channel fluorescence microscopy. Co-transfection of pFADD with MT2A gene inhibited cell apoptosis and induced cell proliferation in colorectal cancer cells compared with control groups. When we used antisense MT2A and pFADD which is serine 194 in the C terminal of FADD gene that has been reported to be phosphorylated to interdict the effect of respective genes the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis were significantly enhanced in animal model. CONCLUSIONS Further in this study we identify non-canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling up regulated and it was directly linked with the tumor necrosis with MT2A and pFADD genes. pFADD with MT2A can inhibit the apoptosis and promote proliferation, of colorectal cancer cells, and antisense sequence of MT2A and pFADD approaches which might swell the combination of deregulated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis.
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Huang K, Duan N, Zhang C, Mo R, Hua Z. Improved antitumor activity of TRAIL fusion protein via formation of self-assembling nanoparticle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41904. [PMID: 28225020 PMCID: PMC5320504 DOI: 10.1038/srep41904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been known as a promising agent for cancer therapy due to its specific apoptosis-inducing effect on tumor cells rather than most normal cells. However, systemically delivered TRAIL suffers from a rapid clearance from the body with an extremely short half-life. Thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are a promising class of temperature sensitive biopolymers based on the structural motif found in mammalian tropoelastin and retain the advantages of polymeric drug delivery systems. We therefore expressed RGD-TRAIL fused with ELP (RGD-TRAIL-ELP) in E. coli. Purification of RGD-TRAIL-ELP was achieved by the conveniently inverse transition cycling (ITC). The purified RGD-TRAIL-ELP without any chemical conjugation was able to self-assemble into nanoparticle under physiological condition. Non-reducing SDS-PAGE results showed that trimer content of RGD-TRAIL-ELP increased 3.4-fold than RGD-TRAIL. Flow cytometry confirmed that RGD-TRAIL-ELP 3-fold enhanced apoptosis-inducing capacity than RGD-TRAIL. Single intraperitoneal injection of the RGD-TRAIL-ELP nanoparticle induced nearly complete tumor regression in the COLO-205 tumor xenograft model. Histological observation confirmed that RGD-TRAIL-ELP induced significant tumor cell apoptosis without apparent liver toxicity. These findings suggested that a great potential application of the RGD-TRAIL-ELP nanoparticle system as a safe and efficient delivery strategy for cancer therapy.
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Ji L, Zhao X, Lu W, Zhang Q, Hua Z. Intracellular Aβ and its Pathological Role in Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons from Cellular to Animal Models. Curr Alzheimer Res 2017; 13:621-30. [PMID: 27001677 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160322142226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of intraneuronal amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) appears to be an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting its important role in the neurodegenerative process of AD. It is indicated that intracellular Aβ originates from a portion of Aβ, which is not secreted and consequently remains intracellular, or alternatively from the secreted Aβ, which is internalized into intracellular Aβ pool. A number of cell and transgenic animal models are established to study the pathological role of intracellular Aβ, and to screen for drugs against Aβ aggregation and associated toxicity. Aβ aggregates, particularly oligomers, may lead to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. Screened from high-throughput methods, a number of cellpermeable agents reduce the aggregation of intracellular Aβ and antagonize its cytotoxicity by inhibiting the formation of Aβ oligomers in vivo. The multi-functional roles of Aβ in alternate pathways and associated clinical implications for AD treatment are also discussed.
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Huang K, Zhu L, Wang Y, Mo R, Hua Z. Targeted delivery and release of doxorubicin using a pH-responsive and self-assembling copolymer. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6356-6365. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a pH-response copolymer that entrapped DOX into its hydrophobic core and self-assembles into smart DOX-loaded nanoparticles, which could enhance cancer-targeting and effective drug release in tumors.
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