Can serious games be incorporated with conventional treatment of children with cerebral palsy? A review

The use of video games in rehabilitation is becoming more popular to clinicians. These games are embedded in off-the-shelf commercial entertainment applications or especially-developed for clinical purposes. Treatment of cerebral palsy (CP) children is a challenging task for clinicians. Lack of motivation and progress monitoring are two important factors clinicians need to deal with. The use of serious games (SG), sometimes referred to as Virtual Rehabilitation (VR), could therefore be an interesting adjuvant to conventional treatment for these patients. This is however a new discipline and many scientific issues remain to be solved. The aim of this paper is to describe available conventional treatment for CP children together with the level of evidence of each approach. A systematic review of the use of SG in rehabilitation is then conducted. 31 papers (7 randomized clinical trials, 16 cohort studies and 8 single-cases studies) were selected and analyzed, and their level of evidence compared to the conventional treatment. These studies reported outcomes for 352 patients. In summary, this review shows that it is difficult to compare those studies despite the large amount of patients. This is due to the lack of standardization in patient rehabilitation strategy and to the use of various clinical scales and scores. This non-standardization in patient follow-up between previously-published works make evidence-based conclusions difficult to obtain in order to support these techniques objectively. The use of SG for rehabilitation purposes currently meets similar issues. This paper proposes standardization strategies in order to improve treatment comparison and SG use in rehabilitation.

Validity and reliability of the Kinect within functional assessment activities: comparison with standard stereophotogrammetry

The recent availability of the Kinect™ sensor, a cost-effective markerless motion capture system (MLS), offers interesting possibilities in clinical functional analysis and rehabilitation. However, neither validity nor reproducibility of this device is known yet. These two parameters were evaluated in this study. Forty-eight volunteers performed shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, hip abduction and knee flexion motions; the same protocol was repeated one week later to evaluate reproducibility. Movements were simultaneously recorded by the Kinect (with Microsoft Kinect SDK v.1.5) MLS and a traditional marker-based stereophotogrammetry system (MBS). Considering the MBS as reference, discrepancies between MLS and MBS were evaluated by comparing the range of motion (ROM) between both systems. MLS reproducibility was found to be statistically similar to MBS results for the four exercises. Measured ROMs however were found different between the systems.

High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation: An effective bridging therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients

AIM: To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2010, 49 consecutive HCC patients were listed for liver transplantation (UCSF criteria). The median waiting time for transplantation was 9.5 mo. Twenty-nine patients received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as a bringing therapy and 16 patients received no treatment before transplantation. Five patients received HIFU ablation as a bridging therapy. Another five patients with the same tumor staging (within the UCSF criteria) who received HIFU ablation but not on the transplant list were included for comparison. Patients were comparable in terms of Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores, tumor size and number, and cause of cirrhosis.

RESULTS: The HIFU group and TACE group showed no difference in terms of tumor size and tumor number. One patient in the HIFU group and no patient in the TACE group had gross ascites. The median hospital stay was 1 d (range, 1-21 d) in the TACE group and two days (range, 1-9 d) in the HIFU group (P < 0.000). No HIFU-related complication occurred. In the HIFU group, nine patients (90%) had complete response and one patient (10%) had partial response to the treatment. In the TACE group, only one patient (3%) had response to the treatment while 14 patients (48%) had stable disease and 14 patients (48%) had progressive disease (P = 0.00). Seven patients in the TACE group and no patient in the HIFU group dropped out from the transplant waiting list (P = 0.559).

CONCLUSION: HIFU ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of HCC for patients with advanced cirrhosis. It may reduce the drop-out rate of liver transplant candidate.

E-learning any time any place anywhere on mobile devices

The registered screen resolution of e-learning study moments in MedicalEducation.nl was used in this research to investigate the readiness of students and medical professionals to study e-learning on a mobile device. Between January 2008 and September 2012 the use of e-learning on a mobile device by students has quintupled to 2.29 %, while medical professionals lag behind in this development. If the use of mobile devices for e-learning is better supported, a rapid further increase should be anticipated. Further research on the desire of both students and medical professionals to study e-learning on a mobile device should be conducted.

Robotic kidney implantation for kidney transplantation: initial experience

Despite improvements in minimally invasive techniques over recent decades, kidney implantation into the iliac fossa has remained a domain of open surgery. However, it was hypothesized that it would be feasible to perform robotic transplant kidney implantation as a means of reducing surgical trauma. Two robotic kidney transplantations into the iliac fossa were attempted in human cadavers. In the first cadaver, a 5 cm incision was placed in the right lower abdomen, the peritoneum was mobilized in a cranial direction, the iliac vessels were identified, and the kidney placed in the pre-peritoneal space. The incision was sealed with a gel port through which the Vinci(©) Surgical System was installed. In the second cadaver, a robotic kidney implantation with robotically sutured vascular and ureteric anastomoses was performed trans-abdominally. Open incision, identification, placement of gel port, and robotic docking were feasible. Robotic performance of vascular anastomosis was not possible in the first cadaver because of advanced decay and excess fat in the surgical field. Robotic kidney positioning was feasible and anastomoses were performed successfully in the second cadaver within 35, 25, and 20 min (arterial, venous, and ureteric, respectively). Robotic kidney transplantation seems feasible in human cadavers if tissue condition is suitable, but is very technically challenging. Because of the delicacy of anatomical structures, the cadaveric model with the risk of advanced decay and the absence of circulation sets limits on the exploration of this complex procedure. Hence, further research and animal work in this area is critical to improve understanding of the benefits and limitations of robotic kidney implantation.

Radial Palsy Caused by Ganglion of the Elbow

Ganglion of the humeroradial joint is a relatively rare condition, which may cause local compressive neuropathy. It is usually diagnosed in adults. Sonography of peripheral nerves can be of high value in finding the exact localization of the nerve lesion. We present a case of a healthy 55-year-old woman with radial palsy caused by an elbow ganglion which was resolved following a surgical procedure.

Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy in a Community Intensive Care Unit

PURPOSE

Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) is increasingly being used to replace traditional surgical tracheostomy (ST) in the management of critically ill patients. There is considerable controversy regarding the safety of this procedure in the hands of non-surgeons, and most data so far have come from large tertiary care centres. We report our experience and safety data in the implementation of a PDT program for critically ill patients in a teaching community hospital in an attempt to demonstrate that this procedure can be performed safely outside of an academic ICU.

METHODS

Prospective observational study in a large community teaching hospital. All patients without contraindications were considered for enrollment. Contraindications to PDT included evidence of infection at the surgical site, the presence of a coagulopathy not correctable to an international normalized ratio of less than 1.5, or unstable cervical spine injuries. A total of 42 patients were included in the study and all received PDT using the Ciaglia Blue Rhino single dilator introducer set (Cook Critical Care, Bloomington, IN, USA). Data collected included patient age, sex, reason for intubation, and complications.

RESULTS

Of 42 patients, 25 were males, and 17 were females. The average age was 47.6 years (range 16-87 years). The commonest admitting diagnosis was traumatic brain injury, followed by sepsis and cardiac arrest. Our total recorded complication rate was 7.1%, with no deaths. There were two episodes of transient hypotension (4.8%).

CONCLUSION

Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy appears to be at least as safe as traditional ST, and may have advantages with respect to timeliness and minimization of patient transport. The complication rate seen in our program is similar to that seen in other PDT series.