51
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Dang CV, Johnson DL, Yang DC. High molecular mass amino acyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in eukaryotes. FEBS Lett 1982; 142:1-6. [PMID: 7049726 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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52
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Brevet A, Geffrotin C, Kellermann O. Macromolecular complex of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from sheep liver. Identification of the methionyl-tRNA synthetase component by affinity labeling. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 124:483-8. [PMID: 6286305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Both the tRNA aminoacylation and amino-acid-dependent ATP-PPi exchange activities of monomeric trypsin-modified methionyl-tRNA synthetase from sheep liver are lost upon incubation with oxidized initiator tRNAMet. The inactivation, which reflects the formation of a Schiff's base between the 5'-terminal adenosine of tRNA and a lysine within the catalytic site of the enzyme, is accompanied by the covalent attachment of one tRNA molecule per enzyme molecule. The affinity labeling method is applied to the sheep liver complex of Mr 10(6) carrying seven aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities, from which the monomeric trypsin-modified methionyl-tRNA synthetase (Mr 68 000) was derived. Upon incubation with oxidized initiator tRNAMet, the methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity of the complex is lost. Of the eleven polypeptide chains composing the high-molecular-weight complex, only one polypeptide chain with Mr 103 000 reacts with the modified tRNAMet. The blocking by periodate-treated tRNA of the methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity in the complex has no effect on the other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities. This strongly argues in favor of the independent parallel functioning of the seven aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases associated in a high-molecular-weight complex.
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53
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Colas B, Imbault P, Sarantoglou V, Weil JH. Immunological evidence for structural differences between Euglena Gracilis chloroplastic valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases and their cytoplasmic counterparts. FEBS Lett 1982; 141:213-6. [PMID: 6807719 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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54
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Felter S, Diatewa M, Schneider C, Stahl AJ. Yeast mitochondrial and cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 98:727-34. [PMID: 7013764 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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55
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Potier S, Robbe-Saul S, Boulanger Y. Structural studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. A tentative correlation between the subunit size and the occurrence of repeated sequences. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 624:130-41. [PMID: 6996739 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(80)90232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that those synthetases with subunits greater than 85,000 daltons contain extensive repeated sequences, whilst those with small subunits (40,000 daltons) do not. We have undertaken a comparative study of four aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (glutamyl-, arginyl-, valyl-, and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases) with subunit sizes ranging from 56,000 to 130,000 daltons in an attempt to correlate the occurrence and extent of the repeats with the length of the polypeptide chain. Our results show that monomeric glutamyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli (56,000 daltons) contains few repeated sequences, whereas both subunits of yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (alpha, 73,000 daltons; beta, 62,000 daltons) and yeast arginyl-tRNA synthetase (74,000 daltons) do have a significant amount of repeats. Thus 56,000 dalton appears to be the minimum size compatible with the existence of such repeats.
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56
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Dziegielewski T, Kedzierski W, Pawełkiewicz J. Levels of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, tRNA nucleotidyltransferase and ATP in germinating lupin seeds. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 564:37-42. [PMID: 534640 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(79)90186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transfer RNAs in dry lupin seeds are aminoacylated to a low extent (Kedzierski, W. and Pawełkiewicz, J. (1977) Phytochemistry 16, 503-504) and are partly degraded at the acceptor terminus (Dziegielewski, T. and Pawełkiewicz, J. (1977) Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. Ser. Biol. 7, 4oo-435). Increase in the levels of tRNA aminoacylation and disappearance of defective tRNA molecules during seed germination are not accompanied by significant changes in the levels of phenylalanyl-, arginyl-, valyl-tRNA synthetases and tRNA nucleotidyltransferase. Additionally, no inhibitor of aminoacylation of valine tRNA has been detected in dry seeds. However, dry seeds contain very low ATP amounts, which increase dramatically during germination. The above results suggest that a very low ATP level is a factor limiting the aminoacylation and reparation of tRNA molecules at early stages of seed germination.
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57
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Chang GG, Pan F, Deng PN, Wu BY. Kinetic studies on human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1979; 13:267-73. [PMID: 34573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1979.tb01878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The detailed pH and temperature kinetics of human term placenta cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.16) were studied. The ATP-PPi exchange reaction catalyzed by the cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase was highly dependent on temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The Arrhenius plot at temperatures between 5 degrees and 40 degrees was linear, giving an activation energy of 19 +/- 2.5 Kcal/mol. The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters Km and Vmax was investigated. Apparent pKa value of 6.4 was observed in the pH-dependence of Vmax/Km plot. The pH versus Vmax plot showed two apparent pKa values of about 5.8 and 7.8. Van't Hoff's enthalpies were used to differentiate the nature of the possible groups responsible for the ionization. These results are valuable for the selection of chemical modifying reagents in characterizing the amino acid residues involved in substrate (nucleotide) binding or catalysis.
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58
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Allen JD, Parsons SM. Nitrocellulose filter binding: quantitation of the histidyl-tRNA-ATP phosphoribosyltransferase complex. Anal Biochem 1979; 92:22-30. [PMID: 371465 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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59
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Bosshard HR, Koch GL, Harley BS. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNA complex: detection by differential labelling of lysine residues involved in complex formation. J Mol Biol 1978; 119:377-89. [PMID: 641993 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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60
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Robbe-Saul S, Fasiolo F, Boulanger Y. Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast. Repeated sequences in the two subunits. FEBS Lett 1977; 84:57-62. [PMID: 338359 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)81056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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61
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Hennecke H, Böck A, Thomale J, Nass G. Threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli: subunit structure and genetic analysis of the structural gene by means of a mutated enzyme and of a specialized transducing lambda bacteriophage. J Bacteriol 1977; 131:943-50. [PMID: 330505 PMCID: PMC235552 DOI: 10.1128/jb.131.3.943-950.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Threonyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase (ThrRS) has been purified from a strain of Escherichia coli that shows a ninefold overproduction of this enzyme. Determination of the molecular weight of the purified, native enzyme by gel chromatography and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at different gel concentrations yielded apparent molecular weight values of 150,000 and 161,000, respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate yields a single protein band of 76,000-dalton size. From these results an alpha(2) subunit structure can be inferred. A mutant with a structurally altered ThrRS, which had been obtained by selection for resistance against the antibiotic borrelidin, was used to map the position of the ThrRS structural gene (thrS) by P1 transductions. It was found that thrS is located in the immediate neighborhood of pheS and pheT, which are the structural genes for the alpha and beta subunits of phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase, the gene order being aroD-pheT-pheS-thrS. A lambda phage that was previously shown to specifically transduce pheS, pheT, and also the structural gene for the translation initiation factor IF3 can complement the defect of the altered ThrRS of the borrelidin-resistant strain. This phage also stimulates the synthesis of the 76,000, molecular-weight polypeptide of ThrRS in ultraviolet light-irradiated. E. coli cells. These results indicate that the genes for ThrRS, alpha and beta subunits of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, and initiation factor IF3 are immediately adjacent on the E. coli chromosome.
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62
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Bloch JC, Garel JP. Influence of modified nucleosides in E. coli transfer ribonucleic acids on chromatographic mobilities of transfer RNA. J Chromatogr A 1977; 137:93-109. [PMID: 330553 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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63
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McCune SA, Yu PL, Nance WE. A semiautomated assay procedure for the determination of aminoacyl--tRNA synthetase activity. Anal Biochem 1977; 79:618-22. [PMID: 405889 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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64
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Black MM, Lasek RJ. The presence of transfer RNA in the axoplasm of the squid giant axon. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1977; 8:229-37. [PMID: 874479 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has revealed that 4S RNA is the primary species of RNA in the axoplasm from the giant axons of the squid and Myxicola. This study shows that axoplasmic 4S RNA from the squid giant axon has the functional properties of tRNA. Axoplasmic RNA was charged with amino acids by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases prepared from squid brain. Tthe aminoacylation was prevented by incubating the RNA with RNase prior to running the reaction. The amino acid-RNA complex was labile at pH 9, which is characteristic of the acyl linkage between an amino acid and its tRNA. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity was also present in the axoplasm, primarily in the soluble fraction.
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65
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Faber AJ, Tamaoki T. Preparation of active run-off 80S ribosomes and their subunits from mouse liver. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 54:1034-9. [PMID: 1016915 DOI: 10.1139/o76-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for the preparation of active "run-off" 80S ribosomes and 40S and 60S subunits of mouse liver. A polysome preparation was incubated at 37 degrees C for 10 min under the condition for protein synthesis (4 mM Mg2+, 100 mM KCL). Puromycin (10 mM)and 2 M KCL were added to a final concentration of 0.1 mM and 500 mM, respectively, and the reaction mixture was further incubated at 37 degrees C for 10 min. This latter treatment destabilized small polysomes and "stuck" 80S particles, which were remaining after the first incubation, leading to complete release of 40S and 60S particles. Thus, the present method minimized variations in yield of subunits due to polysome preparations and preincubation conditions. The subunits were separated by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation or recovered by precipitation following reassociation into 80S particles (run-off 80S). The reformation of 80S particles from the subunits occurred spontaneously at 5 mM Mg2+ and 100mM KCL. The isolated 40S and 60S subunits, separately, showed low phenylalanine-incorporating activity in the presence of poly(U), but when recombined, polymerized up to 10 phenylalanine residues per couple.
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66
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Nikitina ZK, Shishkin SS, Debov SS. [Degradation of transfer RNA from skeletal muscles of rats during autolysis]. VOPROSY MEDITSINSKOI KHIMII 1976; 22:819-25. [PMID: 1027254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
sRNA were extracted from postmitochondrial fraction of rat sceletal muscles by the phenol method. Their yield, physico-chemical properties and acceptor activity during postmortal destruction were studied. Within 2 days after the death yield of sRNA was decreased by 18-20% with maintenance of the physico-chemical properties studied. At the same time the acceptor activity (towards 4 amino acids) was distinctly decreased. For various amino acids correlation between a decrease in the acceptor activity and the time of autolysis was different. Three peaks of radioactivity were observed when 14C-phenyl-alanine-sRNA was fractionated on DEAE-Sephadex A-25; two of them were distinctly decreased after 24 hrs autolysis but the third one was maintained almost without alterations. The data obtained suggest that separate types of sRNA are degraded selectively at early steps of postmortal autolysis.
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67
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Lanks KW, Eng RK. Detection of nucleic acid-protein complexes by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1976; 15:377-80. [PMID: 981795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Formation of complexes between yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA and phenylalanyl aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase is shown to occur under equilibrium conditions in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The technique of equilibrium sedimentation should be useful for the detection of transient associations between proteins and nucleic acids when only small amounts of unlabeled, but highly purified, materials are available.
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68
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Epely S, Gros C, Labouesse J, Lemaire G. Limited proteolysis of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 61:139-46. [PMID: 1245179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of purified tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase with either chymotrypsin, papain, subtilisin or elastase converts all the enzyme into a high-molecular-weight intermediate. This protease-resistant core molecule has the same dimeric structure as the native protein and possesses the ability to bind substrates (tryptophan, ATP and tRNATrp) but is catalytically inactive. The monomer molecular weight of the protease-treated enzyme is 39000 compared to 54000 for the intact molecule. Chemical studies indicate that proteases excise the amino-terminal part of the polypeptide chain. It has been demonstrated previously that removal of a 13000-dalton fragment from the amino-terminal region of the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase converts the native enzyme to another active form. Cleavage of 20 additional amino acids produces the inactive protease-resistant core.
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69
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Bartmann P, Hanke T, Holler E. Rapid determination of an amino acid: tRNA ligase.aminoacyl adenylate complex on DEAE-cellulose filter disks. Anal Biochem 1976; 70:174-80. [PMID: 3988 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(76)80059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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70
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Fasiolo F, Boulanger Y. The subunits of yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase: a new fractionation procedure based upon their cysteine contents. FEBS Lett 1975; 60:156-60. [PMID: 776671 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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71
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Neihardt FC, Parker J, McKeever WG. Function and regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Annu Rev Microbiol 1975; 29:215-50. [PMID: 1180514 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.mi.29.100175.001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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72
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Bazin M, Chabin A, Durand R. Comparison between four isoaccepting transfer ribonucleic acids and corresponding synthetases in male and female flowers of the dioecious species Mercurialis annua L. Dev Biol 1975; 44:288-97. [PMID: 1132594 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(75)90399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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73
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Dufresne MJ, Igarashi SJ. Cell-free protein synthesis in t,e rabbit liver ribosomal system. II. Large scale preparation of purified 80S ribosomes. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 53:485-94. [PMID: 1139393 DOI: 10.1139/o75-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the preparation of a large quantity of biologically active, highly purified ribosomes from rabbit liver is described. The method employs polyethylene glycol-dextran sulfate parition and DEAE-cellulose chromatography to overcome the limitations encountered in conventional procedures. The entire process takes only 48 h to obtain 10,000 A(260) units of ribosomes. The ribosomes thus obtained are predominantly 78S particles with a constant protein-RNA ratio of 0.95. The ribosomes are free from RNase, amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase, and amino-acyl-tRNA: protein transferase activity. The protein synthesizing activity is dependent on added mRNA and protein factors. These ribosomes are stable for prolonged periods of storage in a liquid nitrogen refrigerator.
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74
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Del Monte U, Boddi V, Caldini R, Urbano P, Cini G. [Multivariate analysis of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities of liver and hepatomas (author's transl)]. TUMORI 1975; 61:304-12. [PMID: 169616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Data on the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities in normal liver and in three transplantable rat hepatomas, viz Yoshida's AH 130 and Morris's 5123C and 7793, were studied by means of factor analysis, a powerful technique of multivariate analysis particularly suitable foridentifying factors which theoretically may account for the pattern of interrelations between several variables. The analysis has been performed on 51 patterns of enzyme activities, covering 17 out of the 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases; 80% on average of the total variability of the 17 enzyme activities may be accounted for by the first 4 factors extracted. The enzymes seem to fall into different groups, depending on their relationship with the factors thus identified. The results suggest that enzymes belonging to the same group share a common control mechanism, and are independent of the enzymes belonging to different groups, both in normal liver and in hepatomas.
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75
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Muench KH, Lipscomb MS, Lee M, Kuehl GV. Homologous cysteine-containing sequences in tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases from Escherichia coli and human placentas. Science 1975; 187:1089-91. [PMID: 1090002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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