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Akai-Kasaya M, Shimada N, Saito A, Kuwahara Y. Charge-carrier injection into pentacene thin film formed on Si(111) probed by STM spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 11:2867-2872. [PMID: 21776645 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The injection of charge carriers into a pentacene thin film formed on a Si substrate was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Tip height versus bias voltage (z-V) spectroscopy reveals the characteristic charge transport properties of the molecular film, i.e., the conductivity and the threshold energy of charge injection. The abrupt descent of the tip into the film owing to the transition of film conductance, which depends on the degree of charge carrier injection, was observed for crystallized pentacene thin films. The lower film conductance at around zero bias voltage is still higher than that of a vacuum. This indicates that the carrier injection barrier between the pentacene and the semiconducting substrate is extremely low. The convergence of the carrier injection endpoints into a narrow range of electric-field intensity implies that the main factor contributing to barrier formation and collapse is not the bias voltage but the electric field.
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Wang J, Kaur I, Diaconescu B, Tang JM, Miller GP, Pohl K. Highly ordered assembly of single-domain dichloropentacene over large areas on vicinal gold surfaces. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1792-1797. [PMID: 21319850 DOI: 10.1021/nn102468p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Defining pathways to assemble long-range-ordered 2D nanostructures of specifically designed organic molecules is required in order to optimize the performance of organic thin-film electronic devices. We report on the rapid fabrication of a nearly perfect self-assembled monolayer (SAM) composed of a single-domain 6,13-dichloropentacene (DCP) brick-wall pattern on Au(788). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results show the well-ordered DCP SAM extends over hundreds of nanometers. Combining STM results with insights from density functional theory, we propose that a combination of unique intermolecular and molecule-step interactions drives the DCP SAM formation.
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Lee KH, Lee HS, Lee K, Ha T, Kim JH, Im S. An almost transparent image pixel with a pentacene/ZnO photodiode, a pentacene thin-film transistor, and a 6,13-pentacenequinone phosphor layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1231-1236. [PMID: 21381120 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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54
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Najafov H, Mastrogiovanni D, Garfunkel E, Feldman LC, Podzorov V. Photon-assisted oxygen diffusion and oxygen-related traps in organic semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:981-985. [PMID: 21341311 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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55
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Luria JL, Schwarz KA, Jaquith MJ, Hennig RG, Marohn JA. Spectroscopic characterization of charged defects in polycrystalline pentacene by time- and wavelength-resolved electric force microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:624-628. [PMID: 21274909 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Spatial maps of topography and trapped charge are acquired for polycrystalline pentacene thin-film transistors using electric and atomic force microscopy. In regions of trapped charge, the rate of trap clearing is studied as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation.
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Wakayama Y, de Oteyza DG, Garcia-Lastra JM, Mowbray DJ. Solid-state reactions in binary molecular assemblies of F₁₆CuPc and pentacene. ACS NANO 2011; 5:581-9. [PMID: 21142184 DOI: 10.1021/nn102887x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Various phases of binary molecular assemblies of perfluorinated Cu-phthalocyanine (F₁₆CuPc) and pentacene were examined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Alloying, solid solutions, phase separation, and segregation were observed in assemblies on monolayers according to the mixture ratios. The main driving force behind such molecular blending is CH-F hydrogen bonds. Lattice matching and molecular symmetry are other factors that determine the assembly configuration. A detailed understanding of such solid-state reactions provides a guideline to the construction of multilayered binary assemblies, where intermixing between molecules takes place when multiple layers are stacked.
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Ellison DJ, Lee B, Podzorov V, Frisbie CD. Surface potential mapping of SAM-functionalized organic semiconductors by Kelvin probe force microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:502-507. [PMID: 21254252 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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58
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Mannsfeld SCB, Tang ML, Bao Z. Thin film structure of triisopropylsilylethynyl-functionalized pentacene and tetraceno[2,3-b]thiophene from grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:127-131. [PMID: 21104808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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59
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Lee S, Jo G, Kang SJ, Wang G, Choe M, Park W, Kim DY, Kahng YH, Lee T. Enhanced charge injection in pentacene field-effect transistors with graphene electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:100-105. [PMID: 21069759 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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60
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Marchl M, Edler M, Haase A, Fian A, Trimmel G, Griesser T, Stadlober B, Zojer E. Tuning the threshold voltage in organic thin-film transistors by local channel doping using photoreactive interfacial layers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:5361-5365. [PMID: 20931561 PMCID: PMC3021719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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61
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Cataldo F, Iglesias-Groth S, Manchado A. Electronic absorption spectroscopy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) radical cations generated in oleum: a superacid medium. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 77:998-1004. [PMID: 20863743 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oleum (fuming sulphuric acid), a well known superacid, was used as medium for the generation of the radical cation of a series of selected PAHs. The resulting radical cation spectra were studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy. Not only common PAHs like naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, perylene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene and picene were studied but also the less common and very large PAHs relevant also for the astrochemical research, like coronene, hexabenzocoronene, quaterrylene, dicoronylene and a coronene oligomer. A correlation between the first ionization potential (IP1) of the PAHs studied and the energy to the so-called A-type band of the radical cations observed in oleum has led to the equation IP1=1.30EA+4.39 (in eV) which permits to estimate the energy of the PAHs radical cation transition (EA) in the VIS-NIR knowing the relative ionization potential or vice versa.
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Saudari SR, Lin YJ, Lai Y, Kagan CR. Device configurations for ambipolar transport in flexible, pentacene transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:5063-5068. [PMID: 20941773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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63
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Kjellander BKC, Smaal WTT, Anthony JE, Gelinck GH. Inkjet printing of TIPS-PEN on soluble polymer insulating films: a route to high-performance thin-film transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4612-6. [PMID: 20957764 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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64
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Hellstrom SL, Jin RZ, Stoltenberg RM, Bao Z. Driving high-performance n- and p-type organic transistors with carbon nanotube/conjugated polymer composite electrodes patterned directly from solution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4204-4208. [PMID: 20626010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report patterned deposition of carbon nanotube/conjugated polymer composites from solution with high nanotube densities and excellent feature resolution. Such composites are suited for use as electrodes in high-performance transistors of pentacene and C(60), with bottom-contact mobilities of > 0.5 and > 1 cm(2) V(−1) s(−1), respectively. This represents a clear step towards development of inexpensive, high-performance all-organic circuits.
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Uemura T, Yamagishi M, Okada Y, Nakayama K, Yoshizumi M, Uno M, Takeya J. Monolithic complementary inverters based on organic single crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3938-3941. [PMID: 20687142 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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66
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Someya T, Dodabalapur A, Huang J, See KC, Katz HE. Chemical and physical sensing by organic field-effect transistors and related devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3799-3811. [PMID: 20603885 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor films are susceptible to noncovalent interactions, trapping and doping, photoexcitation, and dimensional deformation. While these effects can be detrimental to the performance of conventional circuits, they can be harnessed, especially in field-effect architectures, to detect chemical and physical stimuli. This Review summarizes recent advances in the use of organic electronic materials for the detection of environmental chemicals, pressure, and light. The material features that are responsible for the transduction of the input signals to electronic information are discussed in detail.
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Gelinck G, Heremans P, Nomoto K, Anthopoulos TD. Organic transistors in optical displays and microelectronic applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3778-3798. [PMID: 20533415 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) offer unprecedented opportunities for implementation in a broad range of technological applications spanning from large-volume microelectronics and optical displays to chemical and biological sensors. In this Progress Report, we review the application of organic transistors in the fields of flexible optical displays and microelectronics. The advantages associated with the use of OTFT technology are discussed with primary emphasis on the latest developments in the area of active-matrix electrophoretic and organic light-emitting diode displays based on OTFT backplanes and on the application of organic transistors in microelectronics including digital and analog circuits.
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Zhang L, Di CA, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Sun X, Wen Y, Zhou W, Zhan X, Yu G, Liu Y. Top-gate organic thin-film transistors constructed by a general lamination approach. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3537-3541. [PMID: 20648517 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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69
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Feldmeier EJ, Schidleja M, Melzer C, von Seggern H. A color-tuneable organic light-emitting transistor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3568-3572. [PMID: 20589773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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70
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Lee K, Oh MS, Mun SJ, Lee KH, Ha TW, Kim JH, Park SHK, Hwang CS, Lee BH, Sung MM, Im S. Interfacial trap density-of-states in pentacene- and ZnO-based thin-film transistors measured via novel photo-excited charge-collection spectroscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3260-3265. [PMID: 20518045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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71
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Li Z, Du J, Tang Q, Wang F, Xu JB, Yu JC, Miao Q. Induced crystallization of rubrene in thin-film transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3242-3246. [PMID: 20535740 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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72
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Liao KC, Ismail AG, Kreplak L, Schwartz J, Hill IG. Designed organophosphonate self-assembled monolayers enhance device performance of pentacene-based organic thin-film transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3081-3085. [PMID: 20533424 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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73
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Baykara MZ, Schwendemann TC, Altman EI, Schwarz UD. Three-dimensional atomic force microscopy - taking surface imaging to the next level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:2838-2853. [PMID: 20379997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Materials properties are ultimately determined by the nature of the interactions between the atoms that form the material. On surfaces, the site-specific spatial distribution of force and energy fields governs the phenomena encountered. This article reviews recent progress in the development of a measurement mode called three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM) that allows the dense, three-dimensional mapping of these surface fields with atomic resolution. Based on noncontact atomic force microscopy, 3D-AFM is able to provide more detailed information on surface properties than ever before, thanks to the simultaneous multi-channel acquisition of complementary spatial data such as local energy dissipation and tunneling currents. By illustrating the results of experiments performed on graphite and pentacene, we explain how 3D-AFM data acquisition works, what challenges have to be addressed in its realization, and what type of data can be extracted from the experiments. Finally, a multitude of potential applications are discussed, with special emphasis on chemical imaging, heterogeneous catalysis, and nanotribology.
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Guo D, Ikeda S, Saiki K. Modified bimodal growth mechanism of pentacene thin films at elevated substrate temperatures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:262001. [PMID: 21386453 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/26/262001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The growth of pentacene thin films at elevated temperatures was studied. We observed decreased grain size and crystallinity with increasing substrate temperature in 30 nm films, despite the increased grain size of the submonolayer films. These were attributed to a two-dimensional to three-dimensional growth transition and a pronounced desorption of the first monolayer molecules. The observed coarsening-like behavior and the dendritic to compact grain geometry transition with temperature were explained by classic growth theories. A modified bimodal growth mechanism at elevated temperatures was proposed by analyzing both the out-of-plane and the in-plane grazing incidence x-ray diffraction patterns of the same films.
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Song YJ, Lee K, Kim SH, Choi BY, Yu J, Kuk Y. Mapping atomic contact between pentacene and a Au surface using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:996-999. [PMID: 20131813 DOI: 10.1021/nl904119y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We mapped spatially varying intramolecular electronic structures on a pentacene-gold interface using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Along with ab initio calculations based on density functional theory, we found that the directional nature of the d orbitals of Au atoms plays an important role in the interaction at the pentacene-gold contact. The gold-induced interface states are broadened and shifted by various pentacene-gold distances determined by the various registries of a pentacene molecule on a gold substrate.
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