51
|
Strauch H, Wirth I. [Autopsy finding of "an object in the hand of the cadaver"]. ARCHIV FUR KRIMINOLOGIE 1990; 185:99-105. [PMID: 2350202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of six dead people, who held firmly clasped objects in their hand, the question being discussed whether this finding can be interpreted as a vital reaction or as a purely postmortem phenomenon.
Collapse
|
52
|
Henssge C, Madea B, Gallenkemper E. Death time estimation in case work. II. Integration of different methods. Forensic Sci Int 1988; 39:77-87. [PMID: 3061895 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(88)90120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mean value of the time of death is not reliable because of the great variability of the time-dependent criteria of dead bodies. However, it is possible to narrow down a reliable time period for a stated death by means of the lower and upper limits of error of different criteria. The external data of lividity, rigor, mechanical and electrical excitability of facial muscles and the chemical excitability of the iris have all been gathered from literature, chronologically arranged and clearly presented. After rectal temperature measurement and a corresponding nomogram reading, it is simple to choose other suitable criteria and to integrate them with the aid of a chart thus producing a rational and practical procedure for use at a scene of crime.
Collapse
|
53
|
Riishede J. [Criteria of death. Diagnosis and consequences]. Ugeskr Laeger 1985; 147:2556-60. [PMID: 4060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
54
|
Naylor GR, Podolsky RJ. X-ray diffraction of strained muscle fibers in rigor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:5559-63. [PMID: 6946493 PMCID: PMC348786 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of strain on the equatorial x-ray diffraction pattern of glycerinated rabbit psoas fibers was studied in the rigor (ATP free) state. Strains between 30 and 100 A per half sarcomere, measured directly by laser diffraction, did not change the intensity ratio, (10)/ . (11). Because the intensity ratio depends on the distribution of mass within the myofilament lattice, the negative result indicates that strain does not change the angle of attachment of the subfragment 1 (S1) moiety of the myosin molecule to the actin filament. The effect of strain on the ordering of the actin filaments also was considered and judged to be negligible.
Collapse
|
55
|
Krompecher T. Experimental evaluation of rigor mortis. V. Effect of various temperatures on the evolution of rigor mortis. Forensic Sci Int 1981; 17:19-26. [PMID: 7216078 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(81)90184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective measurements were carried out to study the evolution of rigor mortis on rats at various temperatures. Our experiments showed that: (1) at 6 degrees C rigor mortis reaches full development between 48 and 60 hours post mortem, and is resolved at 168 hours post mortem; (2) at 24 degrees C rigor mortis reaches full development at 5 hours post mortem, and is resolved at 16 hours post mortem; (3) at 37 degrees C rigor mortis reaches full development at 3 hours post mortem, and is resolved at 6 hours post mortem; (4) the intensity of rigor mortis grows with increase in temperature (difference between values obtained at 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C); and (5) and 6 degrees C a "cold rigidity" was found, in addition to and independent of rigor mortis.
Collapse
|
56
|
Cooke R, Franks K. All myosin heads form bonds with actin in rigor rabbit skeletal muscle. Biochemistry 1980; 19:2265-9. [PMID: 6103713 DOI: 10.1021/bi00551a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
57
|
Schuck M, Beier G, Liebhardt E, Spann W. On the estimation of lay-time by measurements of rigor mortis. Forensic Sci Int 1979; 14:171-6. [PMID: 511049 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(79)90136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the torgue to overcome rigor mortis on the legs of 101 male human cadavers at 5 degrees C are reported. There seems to exist an upper limit, which is dependent on the lay-time, above which no value occurs, but below which every value may be found. By calculating the 90% tolerance limits for lay-times grouped at 12-hourly intervals, this upper limit was found to decrease exponentially with lay-time. This may be used for the estimation of maximum lay-times from rigor mortis measurements.
Collapse
|
58
|
Suzutani T, Ishibashi H, Endo M. [Studies on medico-legal diagnosis in cold district. 2. Cadaveric phenomena in low temperature surroundings (author's transl)]. [HOKKAIDO IGAKU ZASSHI] THE HOKKAIDO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 1979; 54:329-34. [PMID: 527921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors have investigated 14 kinds of findings of 15 cadavers in low temperature surroundings which had remained at known postmortem interval and had been subjected to medico-legal autopsies in our laboratory, comparing with those at normal temperature. In low temperature surroundings, the onset and progress of the findings due to autolysis or putrefaction are retarded in a marked degree but the turbidity of the cornea which is considered to be due to physical or chemico-physical phenomenon is retarded merely in a slight degree. Hence, an erroneous determination of the postmortem interval can be avoided by taking care of the peculiarity. Even the cadavers at low temperature display in 3 to 5 months after death the findings whose degrees correspond to those of the cadavers at normal temperature in 4 to 7 days after death. Some fly-larvae pass the winter on cadavers demonstrating that the time of death was towards the end of autumn of the preceding year.
Collapse
|
59
|
Suzutani T, Ishibashi H, Takatori T. Studies on the estimation of the postmortem interval. 3. Rigor mortis (author's transl). [HOKKAIDO IGAKU ZASSHI] THE HOKKAIDO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 1978; 52:269-83. [PMID: 631729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The authors have devised a method for classifying rigor mortis into 10 types based on its appearance and strength in various parts of a cadaver. By applying the method to the findings of 436 cadavers which were subjected to medico-legal autopsies in our laboratory during the last 10 years, it has been demonstrated that the classifying method is effective for analyzing the phenomenon of onset, persistence and disappearance of rigor mortis statistically. The investigation of the relationship between each type of rigor mortis and the postmortem interval has demonstrated that rigor mortis may be utilized as a basis for estimating the postmortem interval but the values have greater deviation than those described in current textbooks.
Collapse
|
60
|
Krompecher T, Fryc O. Experimental evaluation of rigor mortis. IV. Change in strength and evolution of rigor mortis in the case of physical exercise preceding death. Forensic Sci Int 1978; 12:103-7. [PMID: 730096 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(78)90017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of rigor mortis in rats exercised before death shows the following characteristics with respect to controls: (1) Its intensity is increased in the initial phase. (2) It reaches its maximum development at the same time. (3) Higher maximum values are reached (in our experiments 1.39 times the maximum values for controls). (4) Higher values are maintained from 100 minutes to 16 hours with statistically significant differences. (5) It attains resolution at the same time.
Collapse
|
61
|
Krompecher T, Krompecher-Kiss E. Experimental evaluation of rigor mortis. I. Histochemical analysis of rat skeletal muscle in the early post-mortem period. Forensic Sci Int 1978; 12:89-95. [PMID: 153263 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(78)90015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histochemical investigation of rat skeletal muscle samples removed immediately post mortem from exercised rats gave the following results: (1) Of the oxidoreductase enzymes studied, there was a slight increase in the activity of cytochrome oxidase. (2) There was no change in the acid- and alkali-stable actomyosin ATPase activity. (3) There was a notable decrease in glycogen concentration. In the case of strychnine intoxication: (1) There was no change in oxidoreductase enzymes. (2) There was an increase in the activity of alkali-stable ATPase in white fibres. (3) The glycogen concentration notably decreased. There was no change in the activity of enzymes studied in those animals sacrificed by anoxia.
Collapse
|
62
|
Nevalainen TJ, Gavin JB, Seelye RN, Whitehouse S, Donnell M. The effect of rigor mortis on the passage of erythrocytes and fluid through the myocardium of isolated dog hearts. Pathology 1978; 10:227-33. [PMID: 724286 DOI: 10.3109/00313027809063505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of normal and artificially induced rigor mortis on the vascular passage of erythrocytes and fluid through isolated dog hearts was studied. Increased rigidity of 6-mm thick transmural sections through the centre of the posterior papillary muscle was used as an indication of rigor. The perfusibility of the myocardium was tested by injecting 10 ml of 1% sodium fluorescein in Hanks solution into the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. In prerigor hearts (20 minute incubation) fluorescein perfused the myocardium evenly whether or not it was preceded by an injection of 10 ml of heparinized dog blood. Rigor mortis developed in all hearts after 90 minutes incubation or within 20 minutes of perfusing the heart with 50 ml of 5 mM iodoacetate in Hanks solution. Fluorescein injected into hearts in rigor did not enter the posterior papillary muscle and adjacent subendocardium whether or not it was preceded by heparinized blood. Thus the vascular occlusion caused by rigor in the dog heart appears to be so effective that it prevents flow into the subendocardium of small soluble ions such as fluorescein.
Collapse
|
63
|
Gavin JB, Nevalainen TJ, Seelye RN, Webster V, Thomson RW. An association between the onset of rigor and loss of vascular competence in early myocardial infarcts. Pathology 1978; 10:219-25. [PMID: 724285 DOI: 10.3109/00313027809063504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental myocardial ischaemia was induced in 12 anaesthetized mongrel dogs by ligation of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Twenty minutes after ligation 1% sodium fluorescein injected into the artery distal to the ligature evenly perfused the left ventricular wall in the vicinity of the posterior papillary muscle (PPM) but, when injected 90 minutes after ligation, the PPM and adjacent subendocardial myocardium was not perfused by this tracer. Measurements with a linear variable transducer and standard load demonstrated that after 20 minutes ischaemia, the PPM had a similar percentage compressibility to the corresponding unaffected anterior papillary muscle but, after 90 minutes, the compressibility of the PPM was significantly reduced. Scanning electron microscopy of the marginal zone between the perfused and unperfused parts of the myocardium revealed many collapsed vessels which contained small groups of tightly packed erythrocytes indicating that the loss of vascular competence was probably due to the plugging of small vessels by erythrocytes.
Collapse
|
64
|
Shintaku K, Ota S. Supravital excitability of skeletal muscle of rats and bullfrogs to electrical stimuli. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO MEDICAL AND DENTAL UNIVERSITY 1978; 25:87-90. [PMID: 306897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supravital excitability to electrical stimuli (for convenience, supravital electrocontractility (S.Ec) of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats and bullfrogs was examined after "somatic death" and the time during which S.Ec could be detected (S.Ec duration) was measured. S.Ec of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats and bullfrogs depended on temperature. The maximum S.Ec duration of the muscle of rats and bullfrogs were 110 min and 96 hr, respectively, at a low temperature (5 degrees), and 60 min and 9 hr, respectively, at a high temperature (30 degrees). The time course of rigor mortis at 5 degrees was slow and it was rapid at 30 degrees. In rats, the S.Ec disappeared completely before the onset of rigor mortis, and in bullfrogs, S.Ec existed at progressive stages of rigor mortis and it disappeared completely when rigor mortis reached about the maximum.
Collapse
|
65
|
Forster B. [The physician at the site of crime. Determination of time of death]. HIPPOKRATES 1978; 49:22-40. [PMID: 632114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
66
|
Hamm R, Neraal R. [On the enzymatic breakdown of tripolyphosphate and diphosphate in comminuted meat. VII. Influence of sodium chloride on the tripolyphosphatase and diphosphatase activity in bovine muscle (author's transl)]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND -FORSCHUNG 1977; 164:34-7. [PMID: 17964 DOI: 10.1007/bf01135422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium chloride activates the tripolyphosphatase of the muscle tissue. Optimum activity occurs at 4--5 percent NaC1. The increase in activity seems to be due to the effect of C1-ions. NaC1 inhibits the tripolyphosphatase activity of muscle press juice. NaC1 decreases the total diphosphatase activity of muscle tissue as well as the diphosphatase activity of muscle press juice. Addition of NaC1 to pre-rigor muscle increases the ultimate pH value (post-rigor-muscle) and, consequently, causes a lower tripolyphosphatase activity and a higher diphosphatase activity than is observed, when NaC1 is added to the post-rigor muscle.
Collapse
|
67
|
Levine AS, Hegarty PV. A re-examination of the biphasic theory of skeletal muscle growth. J Anat 1977; 123:313-24. [PMID: 858691 PMCID: PMC1234531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the importance of fibre diameter measurements it was decided to re-evaluate the biphasic theory of skeletal muscle growth and development. This theory proposes an initial memophasic distribution of muscle fibres which changes to a biphasic distribution during development. The theory is based on observations made on certain muscles in mice, where two distinct populations of fibre diameters (20 and 40 micronm) contribute to the biphasic distribution. In the present investigation corss sections of frozen biceps brachii of mice in rigor mortis were examined. The rigor state was used to avoid complications produced by thaw-rigor contraction. The diameters of the outermost and innermost fibres were found to be significantly different. However, if the outer and inner fibres were combined to form one group, no significant difference between this group and other random groups was found. The distributions of all groups were monophasic. The diameters of isolated fibres from mice and rats also displayed a monophasic distribution. This evidence leads to the conclusion that the biphasic theory of muscle growth is untenable. Some of the variables which may occur in fibre size and shape are discussed.
Collapse
|
68
|
|
69
|
Hamm R, Neraal R. [On the enzymatic breakdown of tripolyphosphate and diphosphate in minced meat. VI. Influence of pH on the tripolyphosphatase and diphosphatase activities in bovine muscle (author's transl)]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND -FORSCHUNG 1977; 163:213-5. [PMID: 16413 DOI: 10.1007/bf01459861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pH optimum of the tripolyphosphatase activity of minced bovine muscle post rigor was 5.6. The pH optimum of the diphosphatase activity was in the range between pH 6.7 and 6.8. The prolonged influence of pH values around 7 caused an additional increase in the diphosphatase activity.
Collapse
|
70
|
|
71
|
Lie JT, Sun SC. Ultrastructure of ischemic contracture of the left ventricle ("stone heart"). Mayo Clin Proc 1976; 51:785-93. [PMID: 994557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial biopsies from two patients who had developed "stone heart" (myocardial rigor mortis; ischemic contracture of the left ventricle) were studied by electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of tissue in stone heart, though ischemic in nature, differed from that of classic myocardial infarction in some respects. Apart from depletion of glycogen and distension of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules, myofibrillar degeneration was much more widespread. Mitochondrial degeneration with active lysosomal autodigestion, disruption of the microcirculation, and lymphedema were prominent changes also observed. In the light of known clinical and experimental observations, our findings suggest that stone heart is an accelerated form of ischemic injury occurring in vulnerable (hypertrophied) hearts and is probably related to ischemia-triggered release of endogenous catecholamines.
Collapse
|
72
|
Hegarty PV, Heffron JJ. Partial reversal by adenosine triphosphate of the rigor-induced decrease in the diameter of skeletal muscle fibres. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1975; 50:675-80. [PMID: 236121 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(75)90126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
73
|
Cassens RG, Marple DN, Eikelenboom G. Animal physiology and meat quality. ADVANCES IN FOOD RESEARCH 1975; 21:71-155. [PMID: 239548 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2628(08)60090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
74
|
Locker RH, Cavey CL, Nottingham PM, Haughey DP, Law NH. New concepts in meat processing. ADVANCES IN FOOD RESEARCH 1975; 21:157-222. [PMID: 239547 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2628(08)60091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
75
|
|