751
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Zhou Q. P696Relationship between pulmonary vasoactive factors and pulmonary arterial pressure in acute high altitude reaction and its change after return to lower altitude. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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752
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Zhou Q. P456Changes of the cardiac structure and function in Han people returning to the plain for at least 3 years after long-term exposure to high altitude. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu091.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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753
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Zhou Q. P457Effect of changed oxygen free radical on cardiac function of plateau migrants after returning to the low altitude. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu091.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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754
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Chen JB, Sun SQ, Ma F, Zhou Q. Vibrational microspectroscopic identification of powdered traditional medicines: chemical micromorphology of Poria observed by infrared and Raman microspectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:629-637. [PMID: 24704479 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic identification using optical microscopes is a simple and effective method to identify powdered traditional medicines made from plants, animals and fungi. Sometimes, the criteria based on physical properties of the microscopic characteristics of drug powder may be ambiguous, which makes the microscopic identification method subjective and empirical to some extent. In this research, the vibrational microspectroscopic identification method is proposed for more explicit discrimination of powdered traditional medicines. The chemical micromorphology, i.e., chemical compositions and related physical morphologies, of the drug powder can be profiled objectively and quantitatively by infrared and Raman microspectroscopy, leading to better understanding about the formation mechanisms of microscopic characteristics and more accurate identification criteria. As an example, the powder of Poria, which is one of the most used traditional Chinese medicines, is studied in this research. Three types of hyphae are classified according to their infrared spectral features in the region from 1200 to 900 cm(-1). Different kinds of polysaccharides indicate that these hyphae may be in different stages of the growth. The granular and branched clumps observed by the optical microscope may be formed from the aggregation of the mature hyphae with β-D-glucan reserves. The newfound spherical particles may originate from the exuded droplets in the fresh Poria because they are both composed of α-D-glucan. The results are helpful to understand the development of the hyphae and the formation of active polysaccharides in Poria and to establish accurate microspectroscopic identification criteria.
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755
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Zhou Q. P695Anti-leakage mechanism and effect of sodium aescinate on the permeability of blood-brain barrier exposed to hypoxia rat. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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756
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Zhou Q. P458Changes of pulmonary vasoactive factors and its relation with pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with high altitude pulmonary edema. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu091.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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757
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Zhou Q. P450Deadaptation change in cardiac function of laborers engaged in physical labor at high altitude after returning to lower altitude. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu091.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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758
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Guo X, Mandelis A, Liu Y, Chen B, Zhou Q, Comeau F. Noninvasive in-vehicle alcohol detection with wavelength-modulated differential photothermal radiometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:2333-2340. [PMID: 25071967 PMCID: PMC4102367 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the potential of wavelength-modulated differential photothermal radiometry (WM-DPTR) for non-invasive in-vehicle alcohol detection which can be of great importance in reducing alcohol-impaired driving. Ethanol content in the range of concern, 0-100 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in water phantoms and blood serum diffused in human skin in vitro were measured with high sensitivity. The results show that the WM-DPTR system can be optimized for alcohol detection with the combination of two sensitivity-tuning parameters, amplitude ratio R and phase shift ΔP. WM-DPTR has demonstrated the potential to be developed into a portable alcohol ignition interlock biosensor that could be fitted as a universal accessory in vehicles.
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759
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Wang Y, Wang P, Xu C, Yang Y, Li J, Chen T, Li Z, Cui W, Zhou Q, Sun S, Li H. Macro-fingerprint analysis-through-separation of licorice based on FT-IR and 2DCOS-IR. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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760
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Chen JB, Sun SQ, Yu J, Zhou Q. Tracking the curing process of automotive paint by moving-window two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy and principal component analysis. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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761
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Choong YK, Sun SQ, Zhou Q, Lan J, Lee HL, Chen XD. Verification of Ganoderma (lingzhi) commercial products by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional IR correlation spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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762
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Saint-Martin C, Zhou Q, Martin GM, Vaury C, Leroy G, Arnoux JB, de Lonlay P, Shyng SL, Bellanné-Chantelot C. Monoallelic ABCC8 mutations are a common cause of diazoxide-unresponsive diffuse form of congenital hyperinsulinism. Clin Genet 2014; 87:448-54. [PMID: 24814349 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ABCC8 encodes a subunit of the β-cell potassium channel (KATP ) whose loss of function is responsible for congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). Patients with two recessive mutations of ABCC8 typically have severe diffuse forms of CHI unresponsive to diazoxide. Some dominant ABCC8 mutations are responsible for a subset of diffuse diazoxide-unresponsive forms of CHI. We report the analysis of 21 different ABCC8 mutations identified in 25 probands with diazoxide-unresponsive diffuse CHI and carrying a single mutation in ABCC8. Nine missense ABCC8 mutations were subjected to in vitro expression studies testing traffic efficiency and responses of mutant channels to activation by MgADP and diazoxide. Eight of the 9 missense mutations exhibited normal trafficking. Seven of the 8 mutants reaching the plasma membrane had dramatically reduced response to MgADP or to diazoxide (<10% of wild-type response). In our cohort, dominant KATP mutations account for 22% of the children with diffuse unresponsive-diazoxide CHI. Their clinical phenotype being indistinguishable from that of children with focal CHI and diffuse CHI forms due to two recessive KATP mutations, we show that functional testing is essential to make the most reliable diagnosis and offer appropriate genetic counseling.
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763
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Shang B, Gao A, Pan Y, Zhang G, Tu J, Zhou Y, Yang P, Cao Z, Wei Q, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhou Q. CT45A1 acts as a new proto-oncogene to trigger tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1285. [PMID: 24901056 PMCID: PMC4611718 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer/testis antigen (CTA)-45 family (CT45) belongs to a new family of genes in phylogenetics and is absent in normal tissues except for testis, but is aberrantly overexpressed in various cancer types. Whether CT45 and other CTAs act as proto-oncogenes has not been determined. Using breast cancer as a model, we found that CT45A1, a representative CT45 family member, alone had a weak tumorigenic effect. However, its neoplastic potency was greatly enhanced in the presence of growth factors. Overexpression of CT45A1 in breast cancer cells markedly upregulated various oncogenic and metastatic genes, constitutively activated ERK and CREB signaling pathways, promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and increased cell stemness, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis, whereas silencing CT45A1 significantly reduced cancer cell migration and invasion. We propose that CT45A1 functions as a novel proto-oncogene to trigger oncogenesis and metastasis. CT45A1 and other CT45 members are therefore excellent targets for anticancer drug discovery and targeted tumor therapy, and valuable genes in the study of a molecular phylogenetic tree.
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764
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Li H, Liu G, Xia L, Zhou Q, Xiong J, Xian J, Du M, Zhang L, Liao L, Su X, Li Z, Luo Q, Cheng Y, Zhang T, Wang D, Yang ZZ. A polymorphism in the DNA repair domain of APEX1 is associated with the radiation-induced pneumonitis risk among lung cancer patients after radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140093. [PMID: 24884729 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) (rs1130409, rs1760944, rs2307486 and rs3136817) in APEX1 with the risk of severe radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP) after radiotherapy among Han Chinese patients with lung cancer. METHODS A total of 168 patients with lung cancer who were receiving radiotherapy were prospectively recruited. RP was evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. A case-control study was performed. The case group included patients with RP grade of ≥3, while the control group comprised patients with RP grades <3. Four tagSNPs of APEX1 were genotyped in 126 patients with complete follow-up by multi-SNaPshot® (Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China) genotyping assays. RESULTS were assessed by a logistic regression model for RP risk and Mantal-Cox log-rank test for the cumulative RP probability by the genotypes. RESULTS rs1130409 was associated with severe RP. GT genotype of rs1130409 was significantly higher in patients with RP than in those of the control group [68.8% vs 41.8%; p = 0.025; resulting odds ratio (OR), 5.98]. Patients with lung cancer bearing the G allele had a 5.83-fold higher risk of RP than those with the wild TT genotype [OR = 5.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27-26.90; p = 0.024], and this was further confirmed by the binary regression adjusted by some confounding factors, including Karnofsky performance scale, concurrent chemotherapy-radiotherapy and lung volume receiving >30 Gy (OR = 6.96; 95% CI, 1.36-35.77; p = 0.02). rs1130409 was also associated with the time to occurrence of severe RP (p = 0.04). Three-dimensional model APEX1 protein showed that rs1130409 is located in the random coil structure corresponding to the DNA repair function region. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE rs1130409 of APEX1 can be a predictor of RP grades ≥3 among patients with lung cancer.
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765
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Tippelt S, Mikasch R, Warmuth-Metz M, Pietsch T, Hilger RA, Kwiecien R, Faldum A, Rutkowski S, Bode U, Siegler N, Fleischhack G, Dufour C, Delisle MB, Geoffray A, Laplanche A, Frappaz D, Icher C, Bertozzi AI, Leblond P, Doz F, Andre N, Schneider P, De Carli E, Berger C, Lejars O, Chastagner P, Soler C, Entz-Werle N, Valteau-Couanet D, Burzynski S, Janicki T, Burzynski G, Marszalek A, Deiss A, Korshunov A, Capper D, Witt H, van Tilburg C, von Deimling A, Kulozik AE, Pfister SM, Witt O, Milde T, Dhall G, Haley K, Finlay J, Rushing T, Sposto R, Seeger R, Lulla RR, Goldman S, Beattie C, DasGupta TK, Pollack I, Fisher PG, Wu S, Boyett JM, Fouladi M, Meijer L, Veal G, Walker D, Grundy R, Meijer L, Veal G, Grundy R, Konczalik W, Ivanov D, Garnett M, Parker T, Kearns P, Walker D, Grundy R, Garnett M, Rahman R, Smith S, Meijer L, Walker D, Kimpo M, Yan B, Ning C, Villegas M, Alcasabas AP, Juh YE, Chong QT, Lin TP, Dewire M, Fouladi M, Drissi R, Chow L, Goldman S, Pai A, Leach J, Lane A, Backus L, Grimme L, Tabares J, Kumar S, Sobo M, Hummel TR, Alharbi M, Abdullah S, Alharbi Q, Alshahrani M, Mosleh O, Balbaid A, Alkofide A, Alkhayat N, AlFar K, Banyhamdan A, Ahmed O, El-Badawy S, Bouffet E, Jiang MW, Zhou RH, Zhou Q, Yuan XJ, Ma J, Turner D, Wright K, Broniscer A, Robinson G, Qaddoumi I, Armstrong G, Gajjar A, Stewart C, Misra SN, Misra AK, Michalski A, Stiller C. CLINICAL TRIALS. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:i10-i13. [PMCID: PMC4046282 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
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766
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Suidan R, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, O'Cearbhaill R, Chi D, Long K, Tanner E, Denesopolis J, Barakat R, Zivanovic O. Prognostic significance of the number of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy cycles for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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767
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Suidan R, Ramirez P, Sarasohn D, Teitcher J, Mironov S, Iyer R, Zhou Q, Paul H, Osaka M, Chi D. A prospective trial evaluating the ability of preoperative CT scan and serum CA-125 to predict suboptimal cytoreduction at primary debulking surgery for advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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768
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Eades G, Zhang YS, Li QL, Xia JX, Yao Y, Zhou Q. Long non-coding RNAs in stem cells and cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:134-141. [PMID: 24829860 PMCID: PMC4014785 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An overwhelming majority of the transcribed genome encodes for non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences. Deep sequencing of the transcriptome has uncovered tens of thousands of long ncRNA (lncRNA) sequences. However, little is known regarding the possible functions for a vast majority of these sequences. Among those lncRNAs whose function has been experimentally validated, most serve as regulators of gene expression. LncRNAs have been found to be critical to development and homeostasis and they have been implicated in several pathologies including cancer. Here, we examine the functions and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in stem cells and in cancer biology, areas linked by the actions of lncRNAs.
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769
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Zhou D, Kong L, Zhou Q, Li J. Skewing KC phenotypic polarization into M2 via the intervention of oxidized LDL as potential therapeutic implications for NASH. Liver Int 2014; 34:815-6. [PMID: 24829977 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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770
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Geng H, Zhou Q, Pan Y, Gu H, Zheng J. Preparation of fluorine-doped, carbon-encapsulated hollow Fe3O4 spheres as an efficient anode material for Li-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3889-3894. [PMID: 24598908 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the design and synthesis of fluorine-doped, carbon-encapsulated hollow Fe3O4 spheres (h-Fe3O4@C/F) through mild heating of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-coated hollow Fe3O4 spheres. The spheres exhibit enhanced cyclic and rate performances. The as-prepared h-Fe3O4@C/F shows significantly improved electrochemical performance, with high reversible capacities of over 930 mA h g(-1) at a rate of 0.1 C after 70 cycles, 800 mA h g(-1) at a rate of 0.5 C after 120 cycles and 620 mA h g(-1) at a rate of 1 C after 200 cycles. This improved lithium storage performance is mainly ascribed to the encapsulation of the spheres with fluorine-doped carbon, which not only improves the reaction kinetics and stability of the solid electrolyte interface film but also prevents aggregation and drastic volume change of the Fe3O4 particles. These spheres thus represent a promising anode material in lithium-ion battery applications.
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771
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Zhou Z, Hu B, Qin L, Lin Y, Watanabe H, Zhou Q, Gao X. Removal of waterborne pathogens from liver transplant unit water taps in prevention of healthcare-associated infections: a proposal for a cost-effective, proactive infection control strategy. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:310-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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772
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Steier C, Madur A, Bailey B, Berg K, Biocca A, Black A, Casey P, Colomb D, Gunion B, Li N, Marks S, Nishimura H, Pappas C, Petermann K, Portmann G, Prestemon S, Rawlins A, Robin D, Rossi S, Scarvie T, Schlueter R, Sun C, Tarawneh H, Wan W, Williams E, Yin L, Zhou Q, Jin J, Zhang J, Chen C, Wen Y, Wu J. Completion of the Brightness Upgrade of the ALS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/493/1/012030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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773
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Shi SF, Tang TT, Zeng B, Ju L, Zhou Q, Zettl A, Wang F. Controlling graphene ultrafast hot carrier response from metal-like to semiconductor-like by electrostatic gating. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1578-82. [PMID: 24564302 DOI: 10.1021/nl404826r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the ultrafast terahertz response of electrostatically gated graphene upon optical excitation. We observe that the photoinduced terahertz absorption increases in charge neutral graphene but decreases in highly doped graphene. We show that this transition from semiconductor-like to metal-like response is unique for zero bandgap materials such as graphene. In charge neutral graphene photoexcited hot carriers effectively increase electron and hole densities and increase the conductivity. In highly doped graphene, however, photoexcitation does not change net conducting carrier concentration. Instead, it mainly increases electron scattering rate and reduce the conductivity.
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774
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Wu FC, Zhang H, Zhou Q, Wu M, Ballard Z, Tian Y, Wang JY, Niu ZW, Huang Y. Expanding the genetic code for site-specific labelling of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein and building biotin-functionalized virus-like particles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4007-9. [PMID: 24592400 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A method for site-specific and high yield modification of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVCP) utilizing a genetic code expanding technology and copper free cycloaddition reaction has been established, and biotin-functionalized virus-like particles were built by the self-assembly of the protein monomers.
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775
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Li JR, Chen JB, Zhou Q, Sun SQ, Lü GH. [Analysis of different parts and tissues of Panax Notoginseng by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy]. GUANG PU XUE YU GUANG PU FEN XI = GUANG PU 2014; 34:634-637. [PMID: 25208380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The techniques of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were applied to analyze the different parts and tissues of Panax Notoginseng (Sanqi, SQ), i.e. rhizome, main root, rootlet, fibrous root, xylem, cambium, phloem and epidermis. Both the FTIR spectra and second derivative spectra of these various parts and tissues of SQ samples were found to be similar. Their dominant component is starch resulting from the characteristic peaks of starch observed at 3 400, 2 930, 1 645, 1 155, 1,080 and 1,020 cm(-1) on the spectra of all these SQ samples. However, the varieties of peaks were found on the spectra among these specific samples. The rhizome contains more saponins than others on the basis of the largest ratio of the peak intensity at 1,077 cm(-1) to that at 1,152 cm(-1). The peaks located at 1 317 and 780 cm(-1) on the FTIR spectra of the rhizome and its epidermis indicate that the two parts of SQ samples contain large amount of calcium oxalate, and its content in the latter is relative larger than that in former. The fibrous root contains much amount of nitrate owing to the obvious characteristic peaks at 1 384 and 831 cm(-1). For the difference among the various tissues of SQ samples, the peaks at 2,926, 2,854 and 1,740 cm(-1) on the FTIR spectra of epidermis is the strongest among the various tissues of main root indicating the largest amount of esters in epidermis. Protein was also found in the cambium of the main root based on the relative strong peaks of amide I and II band at 1,641 and 1,541 cm(-1), respectively. The results indicate that FTIR spectra with its second derivative spectra can show the characteristic of the various parts and tissues of SQ samples in both the holistic chemical constituents and specific chemical components, including organic macromolecule compounds and small inorganic molecule compounds. FTIR spectroscopy is a useful analytical method for the genuine and rapid identification and quality assessment of SQ samples.
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