Abstract P2-09-19: Expression Profiling of a Metastasis Score and a “Glycolytic Index” in Genetically-Defined Human Breast Isogenic Cell Lines Treated with a PI3K Inhibitor

Background: Activation of signaling pathways, loss of tumor suppressors and oncogenic mutations often lead to dysregulation of glycolysis and tumorigenesis. We performed expression analysis on genetically-defined human isogenic breast cancer cell lines and with PI3K inhibitor exposure to determine impact on a patient-relevant Metastasis Score (MS) (proliferation index) and an assembled “glycolytic index”. A better understanding of the links between cellular metabolism and proliferation may yield insights into tumor cell biology and shed light on potential companion diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.

Methods: A parental MCF10A and three isogenic cell lines harboring K-ras (G12V), PI3Kα (H1047R), and p53 null were grown overnight in the presence of high levels of growth factors in tissue culture flasks. The parental and PI3Kα cells were treated with 0.3 µM, 1 µM,3 µM GDC-0941 or DMSO. All cell lines were incubated for an additional 24 hr. RNA was extracted with RNeasy (Qiagen) and expression analysis performed by RT-PCR. A total of 28 genes were profiled that included 14 genes in a metastasis score (MS) (Tutt et al), 11 glycolysis-associated genes and 3 reference genes. Expression of each gene was calculated using the ΔΔCT method and “summed” with equal weighting to yield an MS and a “glycolytic index”.

Results: The MS and phenotypes for the four untreated cell lines were similar under the monolayer culture conditions used. The parental and PI3Kα cells had a similar “glycolytic index” while p53 null and K-ras cells had elevated indices. Treatment of the parental and PI3Kα with GDC-0941, a PI3K inhibitor, showed a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of constituent MS genes and the glycolytic genes as well as the combined scores. The correlation coefficient between MS and the glycolytic index was 0.77. The four genes in MS with the greatest dose-dependent decrease in expression (BUB1, CCNB1, MYBL2 and UBE2S) are associated with CDK1, a seminal participant in cell cycle regulation. The two genes from the “glycolytic index” with the greatest decrease, HK and PKM, are directly involved in glycolysis. The effect of GDC-0941, as reflected by MS and the “glycolytic index” was more pronounced in PI3Kα than the parental cells (p-value=0.0005).

Conclusion: The good correlation observed between the MS and “glycolytic index “in the treated cell lines supports an association between proliferation and metabolism upon restriction of cell signal transduction. The dose-dependent expression decreases in the two indices and their constituent genes, suggest that this PI3K inhibitor successfully perturbs both fundamental processes of the cell. Given the ultimate targeting of proliferation suppression, these scores may serve as useful tools in evaluating therapeutic agents, independent of the specific intended pathways. The similar proliferation levels observed in untreated MCF10A and three mutated cell lines suggest either that single oncogenic mutations are insufficient to affect MS or that the in vitro conditions are masking the metastatic/invasive phenotype. Studies are underway to evaluate cells grown in 3D Matrigel that more accurately mimic the tumor microenvironment.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-19.

[The expression of MRP gene relates to the pathological features of lung cancer]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the expression of MRP gene and its relation to pathological features in lung carcinoma.

METHODS

A series of 35 resected primary lung cancer tissues from 9 post-chemotherapy and 26 untreated patients and adjacent normal lung tissues and 28 lymph node tissues were analyzed for MRP gene expression by RT-PCR method.

RESULTS

Positive expression rate of MRP gene was 54% in 35 cases with primary lung cancer, 14% in tissues adjacent to the carcinoma site and the difference was significant (P < 0.005), the positive rate of MRP gene expression in metastatic lymph node tissues was 53%. In 9 cases of pre-operative chemotherapy, the positive expression rate of MRP gene was higher than that in 26 cases without chemotherapy. Nineteen of 35 tumors were found to show positive expression of MRP gene, comprising 11 of 18 adenocarcinoma, 9 of 15 squamous cell cancer. The relapse or metastasis rate with MRP-positive cases was higher(55%) than that with MRP-negative (15%) by follow-up of these patients.

CONCLUSIONS

There are overexpression of MRP gene in primary lung cancer tissues. Preoperative chemotherapy may play inductive role in lung cancer multidrug resistance. The positive expression of MRP gene in lung cancer tissues is in accord with its lymph node tissues. Positive expression of MRP gene does not necessarily be associated with tumor size, clinical type and TNM stages, but it could be regarded as one poor prognostic factor.

[Changes of gastric pits in intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa]

To analyze the changes of gastric pits in intestinal metaplastic mucosa in 20 specimens of subtotal gastrorectomy and to evaluate the relationship between intestinal metaplasia and gastric pits. We made stereomicroscopic observation of the resected parts of the stomach by using dye-staining method. The width of gastric pits was measured by microscope and the histopathological examination was carried out. The features were divided into two groups: intestinal metaplasia and simple chronic superficial gastritis. The stereomicroscopic features of gastric pits were observed in 15.38% type BC, 28.21% type C, 25.64% type CD and 30.77% type D. The width of gastric pits was significantly different between intestinal metaplasia and simple superficial gastritis, especially obvious in severe intestinal metaplasia. The figures of gastric pits were mostly those a type C and type D and widened gastric pits were more obvious in intestinal metaplastic mucosa than in simple chronic superficial gastritis.

A163 INFECTION WITH HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA ELICITS A TH2 IMMUNITY AND ALLEVIATES DNBS-COLITIS IN A MOUSE MODEL WITH MINIMAL INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA

Background

Immunocompetent mice infected with the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta are protected from dinitrobenzene sulphonic-acid (DNBS)-induced colitis that was accompanied by the increased relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and fecal SCFA levels at 8 days post-infection (dpi). These changes were not observed in antibiotic-treated BALB/c mice or germ-free mice. To further characterize the host-parasite-microbiota interaction in the control of colitis, experiments have been conducted in a reductionist system in which the H. diminuta anti-colitic response was tested in mice colonized with 12 commensal bacteria representing the major five phyla of the mouse gut.

Purpose

To identify key bacterial species and microbe-derived mediators involved in the H. diminuta-induced protection from DNBS-induced colitis.

Method

OligoMM¹² (Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota) mice (n=4-8/group) were infected with 10 viable antibiotic-treated H. diminuta cysticercoids eight days prior to challenge with DNBS (3mg, i.r.). Mice were monitored daily and necropsied 72h post-DNBS. Disease was assessed by a macroscopic disease activity score, colon length and histopathology on H&E sections of mid-colon. Production of IL-4, -5, -10 and -13 by concanavalin-A treated spleen cells by ELISA was used as an index of successful helminth infection.

Result(s)

OligoMM¹² mice treated with DNBS developed acute colitis, with 3/8 mice requiring humane euthanization, while all mice infected with H. diminuta survived the DNBS challenge. Successful infection was confirmed by statistically significant increases in splenic output of the Th2-cytokines in response to mitogenic stimulation and efficient expulsion of the worms burden by 11 dpi. The severity of DNBS-induced colitis was reduced in H. diminuta-infected mice (n=4), although additional experiments are required to confirm the statistical significance of these data.

Conclusion(s)

Reproducible DNBS-induced colitis in mice with the simplified OligoMM¹² consortium of bacteria and reduced disease in H. diminuta-infected mice has created a model by which the participation of exact bacterial groups or species in H. diminuta-induced suppression of colitis can be tested. This is of translational value, since the failure of helminth therapy in IBD could be predicated by dysbiosis in the patient, and therefore potentially overcome by combination therapy of ‘probiotic’ and helminth.

Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below

CIHR, Other

Please indicate your source of funding;

NSERC-CGS D, Eyes High doctoral Recruitment Scholarship

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

[Study on chitosan-Zn (II) complex by IR spectroscopy]

A series of chitosan-Zn (II) complexes were synthesized by reaction of chitosan and ZnSO4 in different ratios(chitosan : Zn (II) = 1 : 0.05-1 : 1) in dilute formic acid aqueous solution. The results showed that -NH2, -OH and -NHCO- of chitosan molecule were coordinated to Zn (II) based on the analyse of the IR spectra of chitosan, chitosan-H2SO4 and chitosan-ZnSO4. SO4(2-) of chitosan-ZnSO4 may be crosslinking of chitosan molecule, but Cl-, CH3COO- and NO3- were not crosslinked to chitosan molecule in the chitosan-ZnCl2, chitosan-Zn (CH3COO)2 and chitosan-Zn (NO3)2 complexes.

Patient pathway analysis of rifampicin-resistant TB diagnostic and treatment delays

BACKGROUND

Barriers to the diagnosis and treatment of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to map the diagnostic and treatment delays among patients with RR-TB in China and investigate related factors.

METHODS

Between June and July 2023, the diagnostic and treatment pathways of patients with RR-TB were obtained through interviews at eight hospitals across China. Information on the TB service of hospitals was collected via telephone.

RESULTS

Ninety-eight patients were included. On average, each patient required 4.6 visits to start RR-TB treatment. The median delay from illness onset to RR-TB treatment was 238.0 days (IQR 85.8-469.2), primarily driven by the delay between TB diagnosis and identifying rifampicin (RIF) resistance (median: 43.5 days, IQR 3.0-160.5). Referral to appropriate hospitals (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.32; 95% CI 1.37-3.92) or considering drug susceptibility testing (DST) when initiating treatment (aHR 2.56, 95% CI 1.39-4.72) significantly reduced delay between TB diagnosis and identifying RIF resistance, while stigma regarding TB (aHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38-0.98) was an independent risk factor.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with RR-TB experienced substantial delays in identifying RIF resistance. Referring patients to hospitals with molecular DST capabilities and awareness may reduce these delays.

Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty Using Circumferential Alar Rim Cartilage Graft: Surgical Technique and Morphometric Study

BACKGROUND

Achieving symmetry in secondary cleft rhinoplasty is challenging even for the most skilled surgeon. The authors present their technique and outcomes of using a circumferential alar rim graft to relocate the cleft-sided anterior ala superiorly and anteriorly. The graft, under tension, is anchored to the septum at one end and the intermediate crus at the other, exerting an upward and anteriorly projected force.

METHODS

Adult patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who underwent secondary cleft rhinoplasty between 2013 and 2022, using the circumferential alar rim graft (CARG) technique, were included. Standardized photographs were used to obtain morphometric measurements. Ratios of cleft side to non-cleft side nostril height, width, and area, as well as tip projection, were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Wilcoxon signed-rank test evaluated statistically significant differences between the measurements.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven patients were included, with a mean age of 26.9 years (range 19-42). Most were female (n=18), with left-sided clefts (n=20). Nostril height symmetry, expressed as a ratio of cleft side over the non-cleft side (with 1 being perfect symmetry), improved significantly by 10% (P<0.001). Nostril width symmetry improved significantly by 22% (P=0.012), and nostril area symmetry improved significantly by 21% (P=0.008). When preoperative and postoperative subnasale-pronasale over inter-alar width ratios were compared, tip projection was found to increase significantly by 10% (P=0.029). Five CARG-related complications occurred, including 2 graft detachments and 1 graft fracture.

CONCLUSIONS

Using a circumferential alar rim graft in secondary cleft rhinoplasty significantly improved nasal symmetry in terms of nostril height and area.