[Establishment of a rabbit model of non-thermal high voltage electrical injury]

OBJECTIVE

To establish a rabbit model of non-thermal high voltage electrical injury, which was accompanied by progressive tissue necrosis for the further study of electrical injury.

METHODS

Seventy-five New Zealand rabbits were employed, in which 45 were used for the selection of the size of electrode plate, the inflicting time, the intervals and the injury degree. Five groups of rabbits were used for the study of the model. The study was carried out by means of clinical anatomical exploration, categorization by the Index of Deep Burn Injury (IDBI) and (99)Tc(m)-MDP isotope scanning and gamma photography.

RESULTS

The optimal injury indices selected were as follows: the electric field strength was 17 000 volts/m, the mean current intensity was 554 mA, and the average current density was 137 mA/cm(2) for small electrode and 21 mA/cm(2) for big one, and average increase of tissue temperature was 1.73 degrees C during injury process. This excluded the possibility of thermal injury. Five models were created, i.e. mild, moderate, severe, extra severe and destructive ones. There was no obvious cutaneous necrosis. Nevertheless, there was loss of injured extremities on 5th, 7th and 12th post-injury days in the severe, extra severe and destructive groups.

CONCLUSION

Non-thermal factor was the major cause of electric injury in the model with typical clinical features.

[Long-term expression of MHC-I gene in recipient mice]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the possibility of long-term expression of transferred MHC-I gene in recipient mice.

METHODS

MHC-I gene of the donor mouse (C(57)BL/6) was transferred into the recipient (BALB/c) hematopoietic cells by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer technique, and the gene transferred cells were reinfused into the recipient mice. PCR, RT-PCR and FACS were used to assay the long-term expression of MHC-I gene in the recipient mice.

RESULTS

The gene transferred mice hematopoietic cells and their G418-resistant CFU-GM were demonstrated to be able to express the MHC-I gene. The cells proliferation and differentiation had no change. The MHC-I gene could be expressed for a longer period in the recipient mice.

CONCLUSION

This experiment makes ready for the further research on inducing transplantation tolerance through MHC-I gene transfer.

[The effect of cryotreat on the mechanical properties of the medium and high melting-point castable alloys]

Two mechanical properties that are closely related to the clinical practice, i.e. the surrendering toughness and the hardness, of the medium and high melting-point castable alloys, were tested before and after the cryotreat. The results showed: 1. Cryotreat significantly increased the surrendering toughness of the medium and high melting-point castable alloys (40.00%); 2. Cryotreat significantly increased the surrendering toughness of the medium and high melting-point castable alloys (25.45%); 3. Cryotreat significantly increased the surrendering modulus of the high melting-point castable alloys (25.77%); 4. Cryotreat significantly increased the hardness of the medium melting-point alloys(24.40%); 5. Cryotreat significantly increased the hardness of the medium melting-point alloys (7.77%). These results suggest that cryotreat is an effective procedure in enhancing the toughness and hardness of the medium and high melting-point castable alloys.

[Influence of anisodamine on guinea pig experimental nasal hypersensitivity]

OBJECTIVE

To observe the influence of anisodamine on guinea pig experimental nasal hypersensitivity.

METHOD

Experimental animals were divided into normal control group, TDI group, reserpine group and anisodamine group. The scores of symptom of nose and the cytologic changes of nasal mucosa were parameters of observing.

RESULT

The nasal symptom of reserpine group was significantly stronger than the TDI group, and the eosinophilia evidently increased (both P < 0.01). The nasal symptom of the anisodamine group reduced and the eosinophilia decreased. It is significantly difference between the TDI group and the reserpine group (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Anisodamine may play a role in therapy of the experimental nasal hypersensitivity with hyperfunction of parasympathetic nerve.

[Clinical study of three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography in diagnosis of condylar fractures]

OBJECTIVE

To explore a method of getting good three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction images of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by computed tomography (CT), and evaluate diagnosis value of 3DCT in condylar fractures.

METHODS

Of the 14 patients studied, 12 were male and 2 were female with age ranging from 4 to 37 years old. 4 were old fractures and the other 10 were fresh fractures. All patients' orthopanotomograms were taken first, and then were scanned with CT. The scanning conditions were 300-345 mAS and 120kV, and the scanning methods included cross-sectional (11/14), coronal-sectional (2/14) and spiral (1/14) (pitch: 1, thickness of layers: 2.5 mm) scanning. Scanning scopes: The cross-sectional and spiral scanning were from 1 cm above the Frankfort horizontal plane to the middle of the mandibular ramus or Menton; The coronal-sectional scanning was from the mastoid process to the anterior point of the mandibular ramus or Pogonion. The thickness of the scanning layers was 2.5 mm (12/14) or 5 mm (2/14). Finally, 3D reconstructed images were obtained by shaded surface display (SSD). The cross-sectional images were obtained by being removed the cervical vertebra, the styloid process, the occipital bone and part of the mastoid process with Subtract Manual Irroi before reconstruction to avoid interference with the observation of TMJ and skull basis.

RESULTS

1. The best 3D CT reconstructed images were obtained by 2.5 mm-thin-layer cross-sectional scanning by being removed parts of the adjacent structures, and the bone lines were clear and smooth without adjacent bone structures shading TMJ. The quality of images taken spirally was similar to those taken cross-sectionally. While the coronal scanning neglected some important anatomic symbols which might be valuable to diagnose condylar displacement. 2. Of the 14 patients, 7 were unilateral condylar fractures and 7 were bilateral (21 sides altogether), among which 18 sides were high fractures of condyles and 3 were fractures of condylar neck. High oblique line fractures and comminuted fractures had major condylar rotation displacement which moved forward, downward and inside, whereas, vertical fractures only had minor displacement. Inward rotation displacement occurred in medial bent fractures. 10 of 14 patients (15 sides) had been conducted operation, and the same situations as seen from 3DCT reconstructed images were found.

CONCLUSION

3DCT images can display condylar fractures accurately and directly, and are very useful for surgeons to select treating methods of condylar fractures.

[Functional expression of human GM-CSF receptor in NIH3T3 cells]

OBJECTIVE

To characterize human GM-CSF receptor(GM-R) reconstituted in NIH3T3 cells.

METHODS

Mouse NIH3T3 cells which do not express human GM-R were transfected with cDNAs encoding the alpha and beta subunit of the human GM-R, and then ligand-stimulated proliferative signal transduction and tyrosine phosphorylation of the positive transfectants were examined.

RESULTS

The reconstituted functional receptor, GM-R alpha/beta, could mediate cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar, and induce tyrosine phosphorylation of beta c, Jak2, Shc and Shc-associated P145(SHIP). However, human GM-CSF did not activate mitogenic signal expression of NIH3T3 cells transfected with GM-R alpha alone.

CONCLUSIONS

Introduction of both alpha and beta subunit of human GM-R into NIH3T3 cells can result in ligand-dependent cell growth and colony formation via phosphorylation of beta c and activation of Jak2, Shc and SHIP signal transduction pathway.

[The effect of blood-pancreatic juice barrier on 5-fluorouracil in post-pancreatoduodenectomy patients]

OBJECTIVE

To observe the distribution and the relationship of 5-Fu in the plasma and the pancreatic juice in post-pancreatoduodenectomy patients after 5-Fu given intravenously.

METHODS

After 5-Fu (1.0 g/m(2)) was given intravenously in post-pancreatoduodenectomy patients, blood and pancreatic juice were collected. The 5-Fu concentrations were determined by HPLC and at last the penetration ratio (PR) of 5-Fu was studied with PCNONLIN.

RESULTS

5-Fu in the plasma penetrated the pancreatic tissue and crossed the blood-pancreatic juice barrier (BPJB) in post-pancreatoduodenectomy patients (PR = 1.01 +/- 0.49). The concentration of 5-Fu in pancreatic juice was much higher than that in plasma.

CONCLUSIONS

5-Fu is suitable for adjuvant chemotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatoduodenectomy.

[Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated bivalent EHF vaccine in humans]

OBJECTIVE

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated bivalent EHF vaccine in humans were evaluated in the epidemic area of Zhejiang province, China.

METHODS

Susceptible persons with negative anti-EHF were selected in Jiande county, Zhejiang province to receive 3 doses of inactivated bivalent EHF vaccine at 0, 7, 28 days. A booster injection was given one year after the primary immunization. Antibody responses were measured in human volunteers by IFA and MCPENT. Local and general reactions were recorded within 72 hours after each vaccination by physicians.

RESULTS

Two weeks after the primary vaccination, 99.04% of the subjects developed significant hantavirus antibody titre measured by IFA which had a 37.34% drop one year after the primary vaccination. Seroconversion rate increased to 100% two weeks after the booster dose. Neutralising antibody titres paralleled this trend with 100% of vaccine recipients producing neutralising antibody two weeks after the primary doses. However, it dropped to 80% one year after the primary vaccination. One hundred percent of the vaccine recipients started to respond two weeks after boosting. The geometric mean titre (GMT) of neutralising antibody against 76 - 118 and UR were 18.27 +/- 2.21 and 12.47 +/- 2.16 respectively after the primary injections, but it increased to 37.09 +/- 2.24 and 32.61 +/- 2.05 respectively after the secondary immunization. General and local reaction rates were 0.46% and 1.98%, with no severe side effects observed in the vaccinees.

CONCLUSION

The vaccine was well tolerated and could induce good humoral immune response.

[Sequencing of inhA in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates]

OBJECTIVE

To determine and characterize inhA mutations of drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

METHODS

PCR products of inhA of drug-resistant and susceptible isolates and H(37)R(v) were purified, cloned and analyzed by ABI 377 auto-DNA sequencing system.

RESULTS

11 out of 17 drug-resistant M. Tuberculosis isolates were detected having inhA variations. 10 out of the 11 strains with variations had at least one missense mutation. The variations consisted of point mutation (transition, transversion and deletion). Molecular mechanisms were different from strain to strain. 8 of 13 (62%) strains had both katG and inhA mutations. 18 variation positions and mechanisms different from previous report have been described.

CONCLUSION

These results suggested that binding sites decrease caused by inhA point mutations be associated with M. tuberculosis' resistance to INH and EMB.

[Expression in Lactococcus lactis of catalytically active phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from parsley]

The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) cDNA of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) was subcloned into constitutive expression vector pMG36e downstream of the P32 promoter. The resulting plasmid pMG36ePAL was introduced into Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MG1363 by electroporation. The recombinant strain showed its PAL activity conversing the L-phenylalanine in the culture medium into trans-cinnamic acid. A new secretory vector pXHS was constructed by recombination of pMG36e with a Lactococcal usp45 secretion leader coding sequence and a translational coupling sequence. Then the pXHSPAL was constructed and used for expression of PAL in L. lactis, the PAL activity was also detectable. The L. lactis dnaJ promoter sequence was cloned and used to construct a heat inducible vector pXHJ. PAL cDNA was cloned into pXHJ and the L. lactis IL1403 was transformed with the recombinant plasmid pXHJPAL. After a heat shock from 30 degrees C to 37 degrees C, the PAL activity of the pXHJPAL strain could increase approximately onefold. The prospect of using these engineering L. lactis strains for PKU therapy was also discussed.

Abstract P3-10-02: Identifying breast cancer molecular phenotypes to predict response in a modern treatment landscape: Lessons from ˜1000 patients across 10 arms of the I-SPY 2 TRIAL

Background: The explosion in new treatment options targeting immune checkpoints, HER signaling, DNA repair deficiency, AKT, and other pathways calls for updated breast cancer subtypes beyond HR and HER2 status to predict which patients will respond to which treatments. Here we leverage the I-SPY 2 TRIAL biomarker program over the past 8 years across 10 treatment arms to elucidate a minimal set of biomarkers that may improve response prediction in a modern treatment context, and to investigate which new patient phenotypes are identified by these response-predictive biomarkers.

Methods: 986 patients were considered in this analysis. Treatments included paclitaxel alone (or with trastuzumab (H) in HER2+) or combined with investigational agents: veliparib/carboplatin (VC); neratinib; MK2206; ganitumab; ganetespib; AMG386; TDM1/pertuzumab (P); H/P; and pembrolizumab (Pembro). 24 prospectively defined, mechanism-of-action and pathway-based expression and phospho-protein signatures/biomarkers assayed from pre-treatment biopsies were previously found to be predictive in a particular agent/arm in pre-specified analysis. Here we evaluate these biomarkers in all patients. We assessed association between each biomarker and response in the population as a whole and within each arm and HR/HER2 subtype using a logistic model. To identify optimal dichotomizing thresholds for select biomarkers, 2-fold cross-validation was repeated 500 times. Our analysis is exploratory and does not adjust for multiplicities.

Results: Our initial set of 24 predictive biomarkers reflects DNA repair deficiency (n=2), immune activation (n=7), ER signaling (n=2), HER2 signaling (n=4), proliferation (n=2), phospho-activation of AKT/mTOR (n=2), and ANG/TIE2 (n=1) pathways, among others. Biomarkers reflecting similar biology are correlated and cluster together. We make use of this correlation structure to reduce the dimensionality of the biomarker set to five predictive signals: proliferation, DNA repair deficiency (DRD), immune-engaged (Immune+), luminal/ER (lum), and HER2-activated. These biomarkers, when dichotomized, identify patient groups with differential predicted sensitivities to I-SPY 2 agents and are present at different proportions within receptor subtypes. For instance, in the HER2- subset, Immune+/DRD+ patients are predicted sensitive to both VC and Pembro, and account for 39% of TN, but only 12% of HR+HER2-. On the other end of the spectrum, only 17% of TN are Immune-/DRD-, compared to the majority (56%) of HR+HER2-. There are also subsets of patients positive for only one marker. For the HER2+ subset, 67% are HER2-activated+, and 25% lum+; of these HER2-activated+ patients are more likely to be Immune+ (44%), vs 23% in lum+. HER2-activated+/Immune+ patients have higher predicted sensitivity to HER2-targeted agents than lum+ or Immune- patients.

In all, these molecular phenotypes predict sensitivity to one or more I-SPY 2 investigational agents for 75% of the ˜ 1000 patients.

Conclusion: Molecular phenotypes reflecting proliferation, immune engagement, HER2-activation, luminal/ER-signaling, and DNA repair deficiency may provide a roadmap to guide treatment prioritization for emerging therapeutics.

Citation Format: Wolf DM, Yau C, Wulfkuhle J, Petricoin E, Campbell M, Brown-Swigart L, Hirst G, Asare S, Zhu Z, Lee EP, Delson A, Pohlmann P, I-SPY 2 TRIAL Consortium, Hylton N, Liu MC, Symmans F, DeMichele A, Yee D, Berry D, Esserman L, van 't Veer L. Identifying breast cancer molecular phenotypes to predict response in a modern treatment landscape: Lessons from ˜1000 patients across 10 arms of the I-SPY 2 TRIAL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-02.

Gray characteristics of a color liquid-crystal television in the beam of a He-Ne laser

Systems of coherent optics with cheaper spatial light modulators are discussed. The aim is toward the behavior differences of the color components of a color liquid-crystal television (CLCTV) screen illuminated by a He-Ne laser (633 nm) and white light. Several conclusions have been derived about (1) the summary effects of numerous components, (2) the response of single components, (3) the comparison of conversion from color to gray between laser and white light, and (4) the approach of encoding and addressing a CLCTV.

[Epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus among acute respiratory infection cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023]

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023. Methods: The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed. Results: A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M (Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant (P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age (P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion: Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

The PLATO Dome A site-testing observatory: power generation and control systems

The atmospheric conditions above Dome A, a currently unmanned location at the highest point on the Antarctic plateau, are uniquely suited to astronomy. For certain types of astronomy Dome A is likely to be the best location on the planet, and this has motivated the development of the Plateau Observatory (PLATO). PLATO was deployed to Dome A in early 2008. It houses a suite of purpose-built site-testing instruments designed to quantify the benefits of Dome A site for astronomy, and science instruments designed to take advantage of the observing conditions. The PLATO power generation and control system is designed to provide continuous power and heat, and a high-reliability command and communications platform for these instruments. PLATO has run and collected data throughout the winter 2008 season completely unattended. Here we present a detailed description of the power generation, power control, thermal management, instrument interface, and communications systems for PLATO, and an overview of the system performance for 2008.

Enhanced Production of Λ_{b}^{0} Baryons in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The production rate of Λ_{b}^{0} baryons relative to B^{0} mesons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} production cross sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, and increases by a factor of ∼2 with increasing multiplicity. At relatively low transverse momentum, the ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} cross sections is higher than what is measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, but converges with the e^{+}e^{-} ratio as the momentum increases. These results imply that the evolution of heavy b quarks into final-state hadrons is influenced by the density of the hadronic environment produced in the collision. Comparisons with several models and implications for the mechanisms enforcing quark confinement are discussed.

[Viral pathogenic spectrum analysis of severe acute respiratory infection cases in Luohe City, Henan province from 2017 to 2019]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of viral pathogen spectrum and the epidemiological characteristics of each viral pathogen in hospitalized cases associated with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2019. Methods: Based the SARI Case Surveillance Platform, SARI cases were collected in Central Hospital of Luohe City, Henan Province from November 2017 to February 2019. In the end, 783 SARI cases were included, whose throat swabs were taken within 24 h of admission, as well as their demographic characteristics, onset time, clinical characteristics and other information recorded. At the same time, viral identification was performed, and the age and time distribution of each virus were analyzed. Results: The age of 783 SARI cases shown as M (P₂₅, P₇₅) was 3 (1, 5) years old, ranging from 1 month to 95 years old. Children under 5 years old were the majority (71.01%). The males (61.81%) were more than females (38.18%). Among the 783 SARI cases, a total of 9 kind of viruses were identified with 64.88% (508/783) of the throat swabs tested positive for at least one virus. The positive rate of influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus were both 20.18% (158 cases), which was the highest among all the detected respiratory virus. The co-infection rate was 15.84% (124/783), among which double infection was the most common, accounting for 85.48% (106/124) of the co-infected cases. And human respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus and influenza virus were the most common pathogen in co-infection cases. Moreover, the viral positive rate was 68.71% in children aged 5 years and 63.27% in people aged 60-95 years. Influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus dominated in winter and spring, while human parainfluenza virus was the main infection in summer. Conclusion: Influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses in throat swabs of SARI cases from 2017 to 2019 in Luohe City, Henan Province. There were differences in the age and seasonal epidemiological characteristics of each virus.

[Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Its Training of Pharmaceutical Staff in the Republican Period]

Several training programs for the pharmacy staff in the Pharmacy Department of Beijing Union Medical College Hospital were implemented over 1910's to 1942, such as apprenticeships, prior courses on pharmaceutical sciences,vocational training, study overseas, and developing the Beiping Pharmacy Evening School in collaboration with the North China Pharmaceutical Society around the 1930's. These programs explored training models for the hospital, developed practical talent with competence ensuring the needs and requirements within the hospital, established practical education on pharmacy in Beiping and therefore contributed to promoting future pharmaceutical training systems in China.

PARP Inhibitor Plus Radiotherapy Reshapes IDH1 Mutation Tumor Immune Suppression Microenvironment Potentiating the Efficiency of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations confer gain-of-function activity by converting α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). IDH mutant tumors have fewer tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and reduced PD-L1 expression compared with their wild type (WT) counterparts. In addition, 2-HG can directly inhibit the killing and proliferative functions of CD8+ T lymphocytes, and suggesting that 2-HG promotes an immunosuppressive TME. Several studies have shown that 2-HG can inhibit homologous recombination (HR) and weaken the DNA damage response (DDR), making them more sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and radiotherapy (RT). At the same time, RT and PARP inhibition (PARPi) have been considered to be a new direction to stimulate antitumor immunity. Therefore, our study intends to use RT + PARPi to reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment caused by IDH1 mutations, thereby promoting the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

MATERIALS/METHODS

We compared the immune responses of clinical tissue samples and TCGA data from either IDH1mut or IDH1WT low-grade gliomas. We then established IDH1mut-overexpressing MC38 and GL261 cell lines to determine the antitumor effect of RT + PARPi. Apoptosis and immunogenic death markers were detected by flow cytometry, western blot (WB) and ELISA in these cell lines. Tumor growth and mouse survival curves were observed in both an MC38 subcutaneous and GL261 orthotopic tumor model. Changes in the composition of the immune microenvironment were assessed using flow cytometry. The mechanisms underpinning these compositional shifts were then further interrogated using various techniques, including WB, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, CRISPR/Cas9, and CD8+ T cell migration experiments.

RESULTS

We observed that CD8+ T cell infiltration and expression of the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5 of CD8+ T cells in IDH1mut tumors were significantly downregulated by immunohistochemistry and TCGA analysis. Gene enrichment analysis using the TCGA database found that IDH1 mutations downregulated interferon (IFN)-related signaling pathways. RT + PARPi induces more DNA damage and actives the CGAS-STING pathway compared with monotherapy, leading to more expression of IFN-β, CXCL10 and CCL5 at mRNA and protein level. In the MC38 subcutaneous tumor model, we found that RT + PARPi increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells while enhancing the killing function of CD8+ T cells. We observed these same effects in the GL261 orthoma model, as well as increased proliferation function of CD8+ T cells. In addition, RT + PARPi increased the expression of PD-L1 and enhanced the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

CONCLUSION

RT + PARPi reshapes the IDH1mut tumor immune suppression microenvironment, thereby potentiating the antitumor effect and efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Oligo-Residual Disease in PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Treated Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Incidence, Pattern of Failure and Clinical Value of Local Consolidative Therapy

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Growing numbers of clinical trials are testing the efficacy of incorporating local therapy into programmed death receptor (ligand) 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the optimal timing and patient selection are still controversial. We aimed to examine the patterns of maximum tumor response and treatment failure in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated NSCLC, and explore the potential clinical value of local consolidative therapy (LCT) in those with oligo-residual disease (ORD).

MATERIALS/METHODS

Metastatic NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in three academic centers from May 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed and those derived clinical benefit, defined as having objective response or durable stable disease lasting≥6months, were finally enrolled. Patterns of tumor response and treatment failure were extensively analyzed. ORD was defined as residual tumor distribution limited to 3 organs and 5 lesions, otherwise was defined as multiple residual disease (MRD). Local therapies targeting the residual tumor lesions performed after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors initiation and before initial disease progression, were considered as LCT. The primary endpoints were the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

RESULTS

Of the 318 patients enrolled, ORD and MRD were documented in 122 (38.4%) and 196 (61.6%) patients, respectively. Those who developed ORD had a significantly longer OS than those with MRD (p = 0.006). The median time to best response was 4 months and more than 50% of the initial disease progression developed only from the residual tumor lesions, providing the preliminary rationale of LCT. Among the 122 patients with ORD, those receiving LCT (n = 39) had significantly longer PFS (p = 0.04) and OS (p<0.001) than those without LCT. Moreover, LCT remained one of the independent predictors of improved PFS and OS after Cox analyses.

CONCLUSION

Local consolidative therapy seems to be feasible and may provide extra survival benefit for metastatic NSCLC patients with oligo-residual disease after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment.

Erratum: Global Polarization of Ξ and Ω Hyperons in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 162301 (2021)]

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.162301.

Measurement of the Branching Fractions B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯]) and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])

Searches for the rare hadronic decays B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. Significances of 9.3σ and 4.0σ, including statistical and systematic uncertainties, are obtained for the B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] signals, respectively. The branching fractions are measured relative to the topologically similar normalization decays B^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])K^{*0}(→K^{+}π^{-}) and B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])⁢ϕ(→K^{+}K^{-}). The branching fractions are measured to be B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.2±0.4±0.1±0.1)×10^{-8} and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.3±1.0±0.2±0.1)×10^{-8}. In these measurements, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third one is due to the external branching fraction of the normalization channel.