Methaemoglobin formation induced by aromatic amines and amides

Two series of anilides have been examined for their ability to induce the formation of methaemoglobin in cats. The first series is one in which the aniline was acylated by a series of acids and the second is one in which alkyl groups were substituted on the benzene ring and the acyl moiety kept as the acetyl group. In neither series was any correlation found between the methaemoglobin-forming ability and stability of the amide group. In the first series, as the size of the acyl group was increased so the activity rose to a peak and then declined. It is suggested that this phenomenon is related to absorption of the compounds from the gastrointestinal tract. In the second series a parallelism in response was observed between amides given orally and the corresponding amines administered intravenously, suggesting that the nature of the amine liberated on hydrolysis is the major determining factor in the methaemoglobin forming ability of amides.

The incidence of renovascular lesions in the hypertensive Negro patient

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HYDROLYSIS OF SULPHATE ACID ESTER IN UNSTABILIZED CELLULOSE NITRATES

The rate of hydrolysis of the sulphate acid ester in unstabilized cellulose nitrates in acetone/water solution at 25 °C. has been studied. The rate of hydrolysis in 90% acetone/water was too slow to produce a measurable increase in acidity during 24 hours. In 99% acetone/water solution the initial hydrolysis was very rapid and was followed by slower hydrolysis which was complete after 24 hours. Similar results were obtained with wood cellulose nitrates.In the case of cotton cellulose nitrates, there was an indication that hydrolysis of the sulphate acid ester decreased as the nitrogen content increased. The rate of hydrolysis of the sulphate acid ester in both cotton and wood cellulose nitrates was very similar to that of the sulphate acid ester in cellulose acetate sulphate.

INFLUENCE OF WATER CONCENTRATION ON THE HYDROLYSIS OF UNSTABILIZED CELLULOSE NITRATE IN ACETONE/WATER SOLUTION

The influence of water concentration upon the hydrolysis of the sulphate acid ester in unstabilized cotton and wood cellulose nitrates in acetone/water solution at 25° ± 0.1 °C. has been determined. When the water content of these systems was increased, the rate of hydrolysis of the sulphate acid ester in cotton or wood cellulose nitrates decreased. This effect was greatest in the first hour of hydrolysis. The presence of more than about 2% water in the acetone/water solution prevented the completion of hydrolysis after 24 hours.

Assessing daily management of childhood diabetes using 24-hour recall interviews: reliability and stability

Conducted 24-hr recall interviews concerning daily diabetes management with seventy-eight 6- to 19-year-old patients and their parents. Patients and parents were interviewed independently nine times over 3 months. Data obtained were used to construct 13 adherence measures. All measures yielded statistically significant estimates of parent-child concordance. Parent-child agreement was higher for weekday versus weekend behaviors and when based on nine versus three interviews. For the sample as a whole, parent-child concordance remained stable over the course of the study. Compared to the older patients, the 6- to 9-year-olds exhibited poorer parent-child agreement on measures involving time (e.g., injection and exercise-duration measures). This deficit disappeared, however, as the children became more practiced with the interview procedure. The dietary and glucose-testing measures exhibited moderate stability over the 3-month study. Lower stability estimates were obtained for the exercise and injection measures.