926
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Liu F, Yin J, Du M, Yan P, Xu J, Zhu X, Yu J. Heat-stress-induced damage to porcine small intestinal epithelium associated with downregulation of epithelial growth factor signaling. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1941-9. [PMID: 19213704 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme heat during certain days of the summer renders pigs susceptible to severe heat stress, which negatively affects their growth performance. We hypothesized that such heat stress impaired the small intestinal mucosa, a site responsible for nutrient absorption. To simulate heat stress, Chinese experimental mini-pigs were treated with 5 h of continual 40 degrees C temperature each day for 10 d in succession. Pigs were killed at 1, 3, 6 and 10 d after treatment, and small intestinal epithelia were sampled for histochemical examination and biochemical analyses. The duodenum and jejunum were seriously damaged within 3 d of initiation of treatment. Subsequent study of the process of jejunum recovery showed that the initiation of recovery started within 6 d following heat stress. Such damage was associated with the downregulation of epithelial growth factor signaling. In conclusion, heat stress induced short-term damage to the epithelium of porcine intestine. Because the intestinal epithelium is crucial for nutrient uptake, such damage should partially account for the impairment of growth performance of pigs under heat stress.
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927
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Zhu X, Wang M, Crump C, Rothenberg M, Mishra A. CD4+CD45RBLow T Cells Are Critical In Regulating Esophageal Eosinophilia In Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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928
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Su B, Wang X, Nunomura A, Moreira PI, Lee HG, Perry G, Smith MA, Zhu X. Oxidative stress signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2009; 5:525-32. [PMID: 19075578 DOI: 10.2174/156720508786898451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that oxidative stress is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), occurring prior to cytopathology, and therefore may play a key pathogenic role in AD. Oxidative stress not only temporally precedes the pathological lesions of the disease but also activates cell signaling pathways, which, in turn, contribute to lesion formation and, at the same time, provoke cellular responses such as compensatory upregulation of antioxidant enzymes found in vulnerable neurons in AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the evidence of oxidative stress and compensatory responses that occur in AD, particularly focused on potential sources of oxidative stress and the roles and mechanism of activation of stress-activated protein kinase pathways.
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929
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Zhao Y, Liang Y, Zhang N, Wang M, Zhu X. Pulse width effect in ultrafast laser ionization imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2008; 33:2467-2469. [PMID: 18978889 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different laser pulse widths on laser-induced ionization imaging of microstructures embedded in transparent materials are investigated. It is shown that a femtosecond laser-induced ionization probe can detect the variation of elemental composition of the sample materials with a higher contrast ratio, whereas the ionization probe generated by picosecond laser pulses is more sensitive to the structural change inside optical materials, which can be well explained by the different roles of multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization involved in material breakdown. These results also suggest that an optimum diagnosis could be obtained if well-selected laser parameters are employed in ultrafast laser ionization imaging.
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930
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Abstract
Background Obesity is rapidly becoming a global epidemic. Unlike many complex human diseases, obesity is defined not just by a single trait or phenotype, but jointly by measures of anthropometry and metabolic status. Methods We applied maximum likelihood factor analysis to identify common latent factors underlying observed covariance in multiple obesity-related measures. Both the genetic components and the mode of inheritance of the common factors were evaluated. A total of 1775 participants from 590 families for whom measures on obesity-related traits were available were included in this study. Results The average age of participants was 37 years, 39% of the participants were obese (body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and 26% were overweight (body mass index 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2). Two latent common factors jointly accounting for over 99% of the correlations among obesity-related traits were identified. Complex segregation analysis of the age and sex-adjusted latent factors provide evidence for a Mendelian mode of inheritance of major genetic effect with heritability estimates of 40.4% and 47.5% for the first and second factors, respectively. Conclusions These findings provide a support for multivariate-based approach for investigating pleiotropic effects on obesity-related traits which can be applied in both genetic linkage and association mapping.
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931
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Zhu X, Schülzgen A, Li H, Li L, Han L, Moloney JV, Peyghambarian N. Detailed investigation of self-imaging in large-core multimode optical fibers for application in fiber lasers and amplifiers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:16632-16645. [PMID: 18852772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Properties of the self-imaging effect based on multimode interference (MMI) in large-core passive optical fibers are investigated and analyzed in detail, with the purpose of using multimode active fibers for high power single-transverse-mode emission. Although perfect self-imaging of the input field from a standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28) in a multimode fiber becomes practically impossible as its core diameter is larger than 50 microm, a quasi-reproduction of the input field occurs when the phase difference between the excited modes and the peak mode inside the multimode fiber is very small. Our simulation and experimental results indicate that, if the length of the multimode fiber segment can be controlled accurately, reproduction of the input field with a self-imaging quality factor larger than 0.9 can be obtained. In this case, a low-loss hybrid fiber cavity composed of a SMF-28 segment and a very-large-core active multimode fiber segment can be built. It is also found that for the hybrid fiber cavity, increasing the mode-field diameter of the single-mode fiber improves both the self-imaging quality and the tolerance on the required length accuracy of the multimode fiber segment. Moreover, in this paper key parameters for the design of MMI-based fiber devices are defined and their corresponding values are provided for multimode fibers with core diameters of 50 microm and 105 microm.
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932
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Feng C, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Huang H. Expression profile of global genome and imprinted genes in offspring conceived through assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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933
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Yu Y, Cao X, Lei H, Zhang M, Zhang W, Zhu X, Ye T, Wang J. Therapeutic effects on experimental metastatic tumor-bearing mice by vaccination with GM-CSF gene-modified and tumor antigen-pulsed macrophages. SCIENCE IN CHINA. SERIES C, LIFE SCIENCES 2008; 41:107-12. [PMID: 18726278 DOI: 10.1007/bf02882713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/1997] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, with potent cytotoxic and antigen-presenting activities, can be used in cancer treatment. The biological characteristics and antitumor effect of GM-CSF gene-modified and tumor antigen-pulsed macrophages were investigated. The high levels of GM-CSF could be detected in the supernatants of macrophages after gene transfer. The cytotoxicity and the expression of MHC class II molecules of the gene-modified macrophages increased significantly and the antigen-presenting ability was enhanced. The gene-modified macrophages were then pulsed with tumor antigen and used to treat the experimental pulmonary metastastic mice. The number of pulmonary metastases was reduced significantly and the cytotoxicity of the CTL induced from the splenocytes of the tumor-bearing mice also increased. The results demonstrated that adenovirus-mediated GM-CSF gene transfer can activate macrophages to some extent and GM-CSF gene-modified, antigen-pulsed macrophages may be a new type of effective effector cells in the immunogene therapy of cancer.
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934
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Larkin EK, Patel SR, Elston RC, Gray-McGuire C, Zhu X, Redline S. Using linkage analysis to identify quantitative trait loci for sleep apnea in relationship to body mass index. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 72:762-73. [PMID: 18754839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To understand the genetics of sleep apnea, we evaluated the relationship between the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and body mass index (BMI) through linkage analysis to identify genetic loci that may influence AHI and BMI jointly and AHI independent of BMI. Haseman-Elston sibling regression was conducted on AHI, AHI adjusted for BMI and BMI in African-American and European-American pedigrees. A comparison of the magnitude of linkage peaks was used to assess the relationship between AHI and BMI. In EAs, the strongest evidence for linkage to AHI was on 6q23-25 and 10q24-q25, both decreasing after BMI adjustment, suggesting loci with pleiotropic effects. Also, a promising area of linkage to AHI but not BMI was observed on 6p11-q11 near the orexin-2 receptor, suggesting BMI independent pathways. In AAs the strongest evidence of linkage for AHI after adjusting for BMI was on chromosome 8p21.3 with linkage increasing after BMI adjustment and on 8q24.1 with linkage decreasing after BMI adjustment. Novel linkage peaks were also observed in AAs to both BMI and AHI on chromosome 13 near the serotonin-2a receptor. These analyses suggest genetic loci for sleep apnea that operate both independently of BMI and through BMI-related pathways.
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935
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Hesseling AC, Mandalakas AM, Kirchner HL, Chegou NN, Marais BJ, Stanley K, Zhu X, Black G, Beyers N, Walzl G. Highly discordant T cell responses in individuals with recent exposure to household tuberculosis. Thorax 2008; 64:840-6. [PMID: 18682523 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.085340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data comparing interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in highly endemic settings. METHODS A cross-sectional household contact study was conducted to measure the agreement of two IGRAs in relation to the tuberculin skin test (TST) to detect M tuberculosis infection and to assess the influence of M tuberculosis exposure and age. RESULTS In 82 individuals in household contact, 93% of children and 42% of adults had a high M tuberculosis contact score. The TST was positive in 78% of adults and 54% of children, the T-SPOT.TB was positive in 89% of children and 66% of adults and the QuantiFERON TB Gold (QTF) was positive in a similar proportion of adults and children (38.1% and 39.6%). In children there was poor agreement between the TST and T-SPOT.TB (kappa = -0.15) and the T-SPOT.TB and the QTF (kappa = -0.03), but good agreement between the TST and the QTF (kappa = 0.78) using 10 mm cut-off. In adults there was fair to moderate agreement between the TST and T-SPOT.TB (kappa = 0.38), the TST and QTF (kappa = 0.34) and T-SPOT.TB and QTF (kappa = -0.50). High levels of exposure to M tuberculosis were associated with at least a sevenfold odds of being T-SPOT.TB positive (95% CI 7.67 to 508.69) and a threefold odds of being QTF positive (95% CI 3.02 to 30.54). There was a significant difference in the magnitude of T-SPOT.TB early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein 10 kD (CFP-10) spot counts between adults and children. CONCLUSIONS The T-SPOT.TB may be more sensitive than the TST or QTF for detecting recent M tuberculosis infection in children. Differences between assays and the predictive utility of these findings for subsequent disease development should be prospectively assessed.
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936
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Wang X, Sun W, Zhu X, Wu X, Li L, Zhu S, Du T, Liu Y, Niu N, Wang Y, Liu Y. M129V polymorphism in the prion protein gene is not associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in a Han Chinese population. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:827-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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937
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Arjomandy B, Gillin M, Zhu X, Sahoo N, Ciangaru G, Bues M, Poenisch F, Ding X. SU-GG-T-235: A 2D Ion Chamber Array Detector as a QA Device for Spot Scanning Proton Beams. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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938
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Ogawa O, Lee HG, Raina AK, Fujioka H, Shimohama S, Atwood CS, Petersen RB, Perry G, Smith MA. Oral Presentations OP01: Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Neurochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.81.s1.44_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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939
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Hernandez BY, Wilkens LR, Zhu X, McDuffie K, Thompson P, Shvetsov YB, Ning L, Goodman MT. Circumcision and human papillomavirus infection in men: a site-specific comparison. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:787-94. [PMID: 18284369 DOI: 10.1086/528379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of circumcision has been identified as a risk factor for male genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, although this association has not been consistently supported. METHODS Specimens for HPV testing were collected from a cohort of 379 (primarily heterosexual) adult males. HPV prevalence in the glans penis and coronal sulcus, penile shaft, scrotum, semen, and urine was compared by circumcision status. RESULTS Overall, HPV DNA prevalence ranged from 6% in semen to 52% in the penile shaft. The prevalence of any HPV infection in the glans/corona was significantly higher in uncircumcised men (46%) than in circumcised men (29%) (odds ratio [OR], 1.96 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-3.75], adjusted for demographic characteristics and sexual history). Uncircumcised men also had an increased risk of oncogenic HPV infection (adjusted OR, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.11-5.69]) and infection with multiple HPV types (adjusted OR, 3.56 [95% CI, 1.50-8.50]). Among uncircumcised men, HPV prevalence in the foreskin (44%) was comparable to that in the glans/corona, and type-specific positivity was observed between the 2 sites (kappa=0.52). CONCLUSIONS Uncircumcised men have an increased risk of HPV infection, including with oncogenic HPV, specifically localized to the glans/corona, possibly because of its proximity to the foreskin, which may be particularly vulnerable to infection.
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940
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Gillin M, Zhu X, Sahoo N, Lii M, Arjomandy B. TH-D-350-01: Time and Manpower Requirements for Clinical Commissioning of the Passively Scattered Proton Beams at PTC-H. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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941
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Li H, Sahoo N, Dong L, Gillin M, Mohan R, Zhu X. SU-GG-J-63: CT Artifacts of High-Density Materials in Proton Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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942
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Gillin M, Zhu X, Sahoo N, Bues M, Ciangaru G, Arjomandy B, Poenisch F. SU-GG-T-89: Dosimetry Characteristics of the Discrete Spot Scanning Proton Beam at PTCH. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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943
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Ciangaru G, Sahoo N, Arjomandy B, Zhu X, Gillin M. SU-GG-T-250: Effect of Titanium Implants On Therapeutic Proton Dose Delivered to Patients. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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944
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Li H, Liu R, Wu R, Sahoo N, Mohan R, Gillin M, Zhu X. WE-E-AUD C-04: Effect of CT Calibration Phantom Size On the Range in Proton Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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945
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Lindsay P, Yildirim G, Garden A, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Theriot L, Ahamad A, Dong L. SU-GG-T-50: Dosimetric Impact of Anatomy Variations and Benefits of Mid-Course Replanning for Head and Neck IMRT. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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946
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Ding X, Sahoo N, Zhu X, Yang J, Arjomandy B, Lii M, Titt U, Mohan R, Smith A, Gillin M. SU-GG-T-321: Validation Study of the GEANT 4 Monte-Carlo Simulation of the Proton Dose Distribution From Passively Scattered Proton Beam Nozzles at the Proton Therapy Center at Houston. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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947
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Yang M, Virshup G, Mohan R, Shaw C, Zhu X, Dong L. TH-C-350-10: Improving Accuracy of Electron Density Measurement in the Presence of Metallic Implants Using Orthovoltage Computed Tomography. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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948
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Giebeler A, Fontenot J, Balter P, Ciangaru G, Zhu X, Newhauser W. TU-C-AUD B-04: Dose Perturbations Caused by Implanted Helical Gold Markers Used in Patients Receiving Proton Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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949
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Arjomandy B, Sahoo N, Zhu X, Zullo J, Wu R, Zhu M, Ding X, Gillin M. TH-D-352-06: An Overview of Comprehensive Proton Machine Quality Assurance at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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950
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Wu R, Amos R, Sahoo N, Kornguth D, Bluett J, Gillin M, Zhu X. SU-GG-J-80: Effect of CT Truncation Artifacts to Proton Dose Calculation. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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