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A prospective longitudinal study evaluating the usefulness of a T-cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:1927-35. [PMID: 21749641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether ELISPOT assay can predict tuberculosis (TB) development in kidney-transplantation (KT) recipients with a negative tuberculin skin test (TST). All adult patients admitted to a KT institute between June 2008 and December 2009 were enrolled; TB development after KT was observed between June 2008 and December 2010. Isoniazid (INH) was given to those patients with positive TST or clinical risk factors for latent TB infection (LTBI). ELISPOT assay was performed on all patients, and TB development after KT was observed by a researcher blinded to the results of ELISPOT. A total of 312 KT recipients including 242 (78%) living-donor KT were enrolled. Of the 312 patients, 40 (13%) had positive TST or clinical risk factors for LTBI and received INH; none developed TB after KT. Of the remaining 272 patients, 4 (6%) of 71 with positive ELISPOT assay developed TB after KT, whereas none of the 201 patients with negative (n = 171) or indeterminate ELISPOTs (n = 30) developed TB after KT (rate difference between positive and negative/indeterminate ELISPOT, 3.3 per 100 person-years [95% CI 1.4-5.1, p<0.001]). Positive ELISPOT results predict subsequent development of TB in KT recipients in whom LTBI cannot be detected by TST or who lack clinical risk factors for LTBI.
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Encapsulation enhancement and stabilization of insulin in cationic liposomes. Int J Pharm 2011; 415:267-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The effect of intra-articular autogenous bone marrow injection on healing of an acute posterior cruciate ligament injury in rabbits. Arthroscopy 2011; 27:965-77. [PMID: 21620633 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to identify the effect of intra-articular autogenous bone marrow injection on the healing of an acute posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture in a rabbit model. The effect of autogenous bone marrow on the healing process was assessed serially by gross inspection, histologic examination, and immunohistochemical study of growth factors. METHODS In both knee joints, the PCL was completely transected surgically near the femoral attachment site in 24 rabbits. Autogenous bone marrow was obtained from both tibias and delivered only to the right knee joint by direct intra-articular injection. Gross inspection, histologic examination, and immunohistochemical study of growth factors were performed at 8, 12, and 16 weeks after severing of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) among 8 randomly chosen specimens. The degree of healing in both marrow-stimulated and untreated control ligaments was evaluated by gross inspection using an ordinal scale consisting of 5 grades. The degree of fibroblast and vessel proliferation and alignment of collagen fibers were evaluated by histologic examination. The degree of expression of transforming growth factor β1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor was evaluated by immunohistochemical study. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS In the group with marrow-stimulated ligaments, the degree of healing was higher at 8 and 12 weeks by gross examination, whereas there was no significant difference at 16 weeks between the 2 groups. According to histologic examination, the healing process was faster in the bone marrow injection group than in the control group at 8 and 12 weeks because the degree of fibroblast and vessel proliferation significantly declined and collagen fibers were arranged more regularly compared with the control group. Similar to the results of histologic examination, the results of immunohistochemical studies showed that the healing process was faster in the bone marrow injection group. However, the recovery of the PCL was completed at 16 weeks after PCL resection in both the bone marrow injection group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular autogenous bone marrow injection appeared to promote the initiation of healing response in acutely injured PCLs in rabbits. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intra-articular autogenous bone marrow injection can be a viable option for treating acutely injured PCLs.
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Association between interleukin-3 gene polymorphism and acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:4501-4. [PMID: 21168724 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplantation resulting from alloimmune responses has a negative effect on graft survival. AR is mainly caused by T-cell immune responses activated by cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, -4, and -7. Many reports have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these cytokines can affect the occurrence of AR. IL-3, which is secreted by activated T cells, can mediate AR. Our study sought to investigate the association between SNPs of the IL3 gene and the occurrence of an AR episode (ARE). METHODS We analyzed 3 SNPs of IL3 (rs181781, rs2073506, and rs40401) among 330 renal recipients, 60 of whom had developed an ARE. SNPs of the IL3 gene, including 1 exonic SNP (rs40401) and 2 regulatory thought to be promoter SNPs (rs181781 and rs2073506). RESULTS The genotypes of 60 ARE subjects and the 270 patients without AR demonstrated a significant relationship between genotype frequencies and the SNPs. The occurrence of an ARE was associated with rs181781 (P = .041, dominant model), rs2073506 (P = .009, codominant 1 model; P = .003, dominant model), and rs40401 (P = .014, recessive model). Among haplotypes, AAT showed a significant association with ARE. (P = .0033). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IL3 gene polymorphisms were associated with this event.
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Injectable hyaluronic acid-tyramine hydrogels for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:666-74. [PMID: 20883838 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane, leading in turn to articular cartilage destruction. In this work, injectable tyramine modified hyaluronic acid (HA-Tyr) hydrogels were developed for the treatment of RA. HA-Tyr conjugate was synthesized by amide bond formation between carboxyl groups of HA and amine groups of tyramine. Then, HA-Tyr hydrogels were prepared by radical crosslinking reaction using H(2)O(2) and horse-radish peroxidase. Intra-articular injection of HA-Tyr hydrogels encapsulating dexamethasone (DMT) as a model drug resulted in successful treatment of RA with reduced interlukine-6, prostaglandin E2 and four types of cytokine levels in collagen-induced arthritis animal models. Histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining also confirmed the therapeutic effect of injectable HA-Tyr hydrogels with DMT. Taken together, the injectable HA-Tyr hydrogels were thought suitable to be developed as a therapeutically effective drug carrier for the treatment of RA.
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Cyclophosphamide-induced lupus flare?: the role of C4 and interferon-gamma in lupus flare. Nefrologia 2011; 31:608-610. [PMID: 21959731 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.pre2011.jun.10942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
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Effects of silane modification and temperature on tensile and fractural behaviors of carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 11:275-280. [PMID: 21446439 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) functionalization with silanes and temperature on the tensile and fractural characteristics of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Three groups of nanocomposites were fabricated using unmodified, oxidized and silanized CNTs, each at 0.1 wt%. Tensile and fractural tests were performed using the three nanocomposite samples at -30 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 45 degrees C. Results showed that the tensile strength of silanized samples at -30 degrees C was about 89% and 241% higher, respectively, than at 20 degrees C and 45 degrees C. The elastic modulus of silanized CNT nanocomposite at -30 degrees C was about 52% and 871% higher, respectively, than at 20 degrees C and 45 degrees C. The fracture toughness of silanized samples was higher than those of unmodified and oxidized samples at all temperatures. However, fracture toughness decreased with decreasing temperature. Specifically, fracture toughness of silanized nanocomposites at -30 degrees C was about 76% and 117% lower, respectively, than those at 20 degrees C and 45 degrees C.
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The Necessity of Coracoclavicular Ligament Repair in Open Reduction for the Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations. Clin Shoulder Elb 2010. [DOI: 10.5397/cise.2010.13.2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lower hip bone mass and proximal femur fractures in elderly patients: more valuable than lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density. Orthopedics 2010; 33:875. [PMID: 21162517 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20101021-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A decreased bone mineral density, such as osteoporosis, has been considered a factor closely associated with proximal femur fractures. We studied the relationship between osteoporosis and proximal femur fractures. Dual energy radiograph absorptiometry was used to measure the bone mineral density of 121 patients with a femur neck fracture and 134 patients with an intertrochanteric fracture. The bone density of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and the trochanteric region were measured. Two hundred seventeen normal patients who had undergone a bone mineral density test and were found to have no proximal femur fracture were used as the control group. Comparative analysis was performed after the patients were subdivided into different groups depending on sex and fracture type. The bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebra in patients with a proximal femur fracture was not significantly different from that of the control group, but the bone mineral density of the proximal femur in patients with a proximal femur fracture was significantly less than that of the control group. The bone mineral density of the group with an intertrochanteric fracture was lower than that of the femur neck fracture group. However, the difference was statistically insignificant. In bone mineral density comparisons, no significant differences were observed between the displaced and undisplaced femur neck fracture group and between the stable and the unstable intertrochanteric fracture group. The bone mineral density of elderly patients with a proximal femur fracture was significantly less than that of normal individuals. However, femur neck fractures in elderly men were less likely to be associated with a decreased bone mineral density. Little correlation between bone mineral densities of the proximal femur and fracture location (neck vs intertrochanter) and type (nondisplaced vs displaced neck, stable vs unstable intertrochanter) was found.
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Disposable Solid-State pH Sensor Using Nanoporous Platinum and Copolyelectrolytic Junction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Long-term results of primary total knee arthroplasty with and without patellar resurfacing. ACTA MEDICA OKAYAMA 2010; 64:331-8. [PMID: 20975767 DOI: 10.18926/amo/40509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Among patients that underwent total knee arthroplasty from June, 1990 to January, 1999, 61 cases (44 patients) that could be followed for more than 10 years were included in this study. The patients were divided into a patellar retention group and a patellar resurfacing group, and were compared with regard to their clinical and radiological outcomes. In patients undergoing primary TKA, a selective patellar resurfacing protocol was used. The indications for patellar retention were a small patella, nearly normal articular cartilage, minimal preoperative patellofemoral pain, poor patellar bone quality, and young patient age. When patellar retention was performed, osteophytes of the patella were removed and marginal electrocauterization was carried out. There were 25 cases (20 patients) in the patellar retention group and 36 cases (29 patients) in the patellar resurfacing group. The mean follow-up period was 140.7 months in the patellar retention group and 149.0 months in the patellar resurfacing group. The selective patellar resurfacing with total knee arthroplasty had a favorable outcome;there were a significant difference noted between the 2 groups in the functional scores, which showed better outcomes in the patellar resurfacing group than in the patellar retention group.
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162
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The complications of high tibial osteotomy: closing- versus opening-wedge methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 92:1245-52. [PMID: 20798442 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.92b9.23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We compared the incidence and severity of complications during and after closing- and opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy used for the treatment of varus arthritis of the knee, and identified the risk factors associated with the development of complications. In total, 104 patients underwent laterally based closing-wedge and 90 medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy between January 1993 and December 2006. The characteristics of each group were similar. All the patients were followed up for more than 12 months. We assessed the outcome using the Hospital for Special Surgery knee score, and recorded the complications. Age, gender, obesity (body mass index > 27.5 kg/m(2)), the type of osteotomy (closing versus opening) and the pre-operative mechanical axis were subjected to risk-factor analysis. The mean Hospital for Special Surgery score in the closing and opening groups improved from 73.4 (54 to 86) to 91.8 (81 to 100) and from 73.8 (56 to 88) to 93 (84 to 100), respectively. The incidence of complications overall and of major complications in both groups was not significantly different (p = 0.20 overall complication, p = 0.29 major complication). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for obesity and the pre-operative mechanical axis showed that obesity remained a significant independent risk factor (odds ratio = 3.23) of a major complication after high tibial osteotomy. Our results suggest that the opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy can be an alternative treatment option for young patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis and varus deformity.
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Role of arachidonic acid-derived metabolites in the control of pulmonary arterial pressure and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats. Br J Anaesth 2010; 106:31-7. [PMID: 20935003 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), a critical physiological mechanism that prevents ventilation/perfusion mismatch, are still incompletely understood. METHODS Pulmonary arterial pressure was measured in ventilated/perfused rat lungs. Isometric tones of rat intralobar pulmonary arteries were also measured, using a myograph. RESULTS Hypoxia (Po₂, 3%)-induced pulmonary arterial pressure increases (ΔPAP(hypox)) were stable with blood-mixed perfusate, but decayed spontaneously. ΔPAP(hypox) was inhibited by 29%, 16%, and 28% by the thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) antagonist SQ-29548, the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, MK886, and the leukotriene D₄ antagonist, LY-171883, respectively. The prostacyclin synthase inhibitor tranylcypromine augmented ΔPAP(hypox) by 5%, whereas inhibition of cytochrome P450 did not affect ΔPAP(hypox). Consistently, the TXA₂ analogue U46619 increased ΔPAP(hypox) whereas prostacyclin abolished ΔPAP(hypox). However, leukotriene D₄ had no direct effect on ΔPAP(hypox). In the isolated pulmonary arteries, pretreatment with U46619 was essential to demonstrate hypoxia-induced contraction. CONCLUSIONS The above results suggest that TXA₂ and cysteinyl leukotrienes, other than leukotriene D₄, are endogenous factors that facilitate HPV in rats. The indispensable role of TXA₂-induced pretone in the HPV of isolated pulmonary arteries indicates that the signal from thromboxane receptors might be a critical component of oxygen sensation mechanisms.
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The effect of anteroposterior laxity on the range of movement and knee function following a cruciate-retaining total knee replacement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 92:1090-5. [PMID: 20675752 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.92b8.23980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The amount of anteroposterior laxity required for a good range of movement and knee function in a cruciate-retaining total knee replacement (TKR) continues to be debated. We undertook a retrospective study to evaluate the effects of anteroposterior laxity on the range of movement and knee function in 55 patients following the e-motion cruciate-retaining TKR with a minimum follow-up of two years. The knees were divided into stable (anteroposterior translation, < or = 10 mm, 38 patients) and unstable (anteroposterior translation, > 10 mm, 17) groups based on the anteroposterior laxity, measured using stress radiographs. We compared the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores, the Western Ontario MacMasters University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, weight-bearing flexion, non-weight-bearing flexion and the reduction of flexion under weight-bearing versus non-weight-bearing conditions, which we referred to as delta flexion, between the two groups at the final follow-up. There were no differences between the stable and unstable groups with regard to the mean HHS and WOMAC total scores, as well as weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing flexion (p = 0.277, p = 0.082, p = 0.095 and p = 0.646, respectively). However, the stable group had a better WOMAC function score and less delta flexion than the unstable group (p = 0.011 and p = 0.005, respectively). Our results suggest that stable knees with laxity < or = 10 mm have a good functional outcome and less reduction of flexion under weight-bearing conditions than unstable knees with laxity > 10 mm following an e-motion cruciate-retaining TKR.
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Investigation of the characteristics of platinum group metal modified alumina nanofibers. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 10:5225-5231. [PMID: 21125875 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alumina nanofibers containing either platinum or rhodium crystalline nanoparticles have been successfully fabricated by electrospinning a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone mixed with platinum or rhodium chloride and subsequent calcination and hydrogen reduction. Transmission electron microscopy images indicate that the platinum and rhodium nanoparticles are well dispersed on the electrospun alumina nanofibers. X-ray diffraction results demonstrate that the platinum and rhodium nanoparticles are crystalline, while the alumina matrix is amorphous. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the chemical nature of these nanofibers containing noble metals before and after calcination and hydrogen processing.
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High sensitive NO2 gas sensor with low power consumption using selectively grown ZnO nanorods. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 10:3385-3388. [PMID: 20358962 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The noble gas sensor using multiple ZnO nanorods was fabricated with CMOS compatible process and sol-gel growth method on selective area and gas response characteristics to NO2 gas of the sensor device were investigated. We confirmed the sensors had high sensitive response denoted by the sensitivity of several tens for NO2 gas sensing and also showed pretty low power consumption close to 20 mW even though the recovery of resistance come up to almost the initial value.
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Low power consumption and high sensitivity carbon monoxide gas sensor using indium oxide nanowire. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 10:3189-3192. [PMID: 20358919 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, micro gas sensor was fabricated using indium oxide nanowire for effective gas detection and monitoring system. Indium oxide nanowire was grown using thermal CVD, and their structural properties were examined by the SEM, XRD and TEM. The electric properties for microdropped indium oxide nanowire device were measured, and gas response characteristics were examined for CO gas. Sensors showed high sensitivity and stability for CO gas. And with below 20 mw power consumption, 5 ppm CO could be detected.
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Construction of a BAC library and a physical map of a major QTL for CBB resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Genetica 2010; 138:709-16. [PMID: 20419470 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-010-9450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A major quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines HR45 and HR67 was derived from XAN159, a resistant line obtained from an interspecific cross between common bean lines and the tepary bean (P. acutifolius L.) line PI319443. This source of CBB resistance is widely used in bean breeding. Several other CBB resistance QTL have been identified but none of them have been physically mapped. Four molecular markers tightly linked to this QTL have been identified suitable for marker assisted selection and physical mapping of the resistance gene. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed from high molecular weight DNA of HR45 and is composed of 33,024 clones. The size of individual BAC clone inserts ranges from 30 kb to 280 kb with an average size of 107 kb. The library is estimated to represent approximately sixfold genome coverage. The BAC library was screened as BAC pools using four PCR-based molecular markers. Two to seven BAC clones were identified by each marker. Two clones were found to have both markers PV-tttc001 and STS183. One preliminary contig was assembled based on DNA finger printing of those positive BAC clones. The minimum tiling path of the contig contains 6 BAC clones spanning an estimated size of 750 kb covering the QTL region.
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits voltage-gated potassium currents in mouse nodose ganglion neurons. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:470-9, e111. [PMID: 20003076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a major hormone known to regulate glucose homeostasis and gut function, and is an important satiety mediator. These actions are at least in part mediated via an action on vagal afferent neurons. However, the mechanism by which GLP-1 activates vagal afferents remains unknown. We hypothesized that GLP-1 acts on nodose ganglion neuron voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels, increasing membrane excitability. METHODS Employing perforated patch clamp recordings we examined the effects of GLP-1 on membrane properties as well as voltage-gated potassium currents. Extracellular recordings of jejunal afferents were performed to demonstrate the functional relevance of these effects at the nerve terminal. KEY RESULTS Glucagon-like peptide-1 depolarized a subpopulation of nodose neurons. This membrane depolarization was used to identify neurons containing functional GLP-1 receptors. In these neurons, GLP-1 decreased rheobase and broadened the action potential, and increased the number of action potentials elicited at twice rheobase. We identified a GLP-1 sensitive current whose reversal potential shifted in a depolarizing direction when extracellular potassium was increased. We identified two macroscopic K currents, IA, an inactivating current and IK a sustained current. GLP-1 caused inhibition of these currents, IK by 45%, P < 0.05 and IA currents by 52%P < 0.01, associated with a hyperpolarizing shift of steady-state inactivation curves for both currents. In extracellular recordings of jejunal afferents, GLP-1 increased firing rate, the effect blocked by the K(+) channel antagonist 4-AP. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These experiments indicate that GLP-1 receptor activation results in vagal afferent excitation, due at least in part to inhibition of sustained and inactivating potassium currents. This mechanism may be important in satiety and glucose homeostatic signals arising from the gastrointestinal tract.
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ inhibitor suppresses interleukin-17 expression in a murine asthma model. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:1448-59. [PMID: 20351038 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma by regulating the activation of inflammatory mediators, inflammatory cell recruitment and immune cell function. Recent findings have indicated that PI3Ks also regulate the expression of interleukin (IL)-17, which has been recognised as an important cytokine involved in airway inflammation. In the present study, we investigated a role of PI3Kδ in the regulation of IL-17 expression in allergic airway disease using a murine model of asthma. After ovalbumin inhalation, administration of a selective p110δ inhibitor, IC87114, significantly attenuated airway infiltration of total cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness, and attenuated the increase in IL-17 protein and mRNA expression. Moreover, IC87114 reduced levels of IL-4, -5 and -13, expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant protein and mRNA, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. In addition, a NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7085 substantially reduced the increase in IL-17 protein levels. Our results also showed that inhibition of IL-17 activity with an anti-IL-17 antibody remarkably reduced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. These findings suggest that inhibition of the p110δ signalling pathway suppresses IL-17 expression through regulation of NF-κB activity and, thus, has therapeutic potential in asthma.
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Determination of Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial Agents by Square Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.5229/jkes.2010.13.1.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Activation of the limbic system under 30% oxygen during a visuospatial task: an fMRI study. Neurosci Lett 2010; 471:70-3. [PMID: 20080151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe activation of the limbic system during the performance of visuospatial tasks under 21% O(2) or 30% O(2). Eight right-handed male college students were selected as subjects for this study. A visuospatial task was presented while brain images were scanned by a 3T fMRI system. The experiment consisted of the following two runs: a visuospatial task under normal air (21% O(2)) and a visuospatial task under hyperoxia (30% O(2)). The accuracy rate on the visuospatial task was enhanced during 30% O(2) compared to 21% O(2). The neural activation areas of the limbic system were similar in the cingulate gyrus, thalamus, limbic lobe and parahippocampal gyrus. Increased neural activation was observed in the cingulate gyrus and thalamus under 30% O(2) compared to 21% O(2). Under 30% O(2), the improvement in visuospatial task performance was related to an increase in neural activation of subcortical structures, such as the thalamus and cingulate gyrus, as well as the cerebral cortex.
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Human respiratory syncytial virus reduces the number of cells in S-phase and increases GADD153 expression in HEp-2 cells. Acta Virol 2009; 53:207-11. [PMID: 19953728 DOI: 10.4149/av_2009_03_207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) associated with bronchiolitis and asthma is known to replicate actively in ciliated epithelial cells. However, little is known about the influence of HRSV replication on the cell cycle. We found that HRSV infection of HEp-2 cells led to a reduction of the number of cells in S-phase, to an increase in the number of cells in G1-phase, together with an increase of GADD153 mRNA levels and GADD153 protein expression. These results implied that a shorter S-phase supported HRSV replication suggesting possible strategies for interfering with productive HRSV infection.
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Optimization of mechanical performance of oxidative nano-particle electrode nitrile butadiene rubber conducting polymer actuator. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 9:7283-7287. [PMID: 19908773 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Present work delivers a systematical evaluation of actuation efficiency of a nano-particle electrode conducting polymer actuator fabricated based on Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR). Attempts are made for maximizing mechanical functionality of the nano-particle electrode conducting polymer actuator that can be driven in the air. As the conducting polymer polypyrrole of the actuator is to be fabricated through a chemical oxidation polymerization process that may impose certain limitations on both electrical and mechanical functionality of the actuator, a coordinated study for optimization process of the actuator is necessary for maximizing its performance. In this article actuation behaviors of the nano-particle electrode polypyrrole conducting polymer is studied and an optimization process for the mechanical performance maximization is performed.
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Isatin down-regulates expression of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A and inhibits airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 10:218-25. [PMID: 19900583 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isatin, an endogenous indole compound, prevents atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from signaling through its cell-surface receptor, NPRA. Allergic airway inflammation has been linked to natriuretic peptide signaling and blocking this signaling axis in the lung prevents allergen-induced pathology. In this study we encapsulated isatin in chitosan nanoparticles and tested them in a mouse model of allergic asthma by intranasal delivery to the lung. Isatin nanocapsules reduced lung pathology by blocking ANP signaling, but surprisingly also by reducing the expression of NPRA. Ovalbumin-allergic mice were treated intranasally with isatin-containing chitosan nanocapsules either before or after allergen challenge, and lung function, cytokine levels, histopathology and cellular infiltration were determined. ANP activity was quantitated by measuring changes in intracellular cyclic GMP and changes in NPRA levels were determined. For comparison with isatin's effects, the expression of the receptor was inhibited with small interfering RNA against NPRA mRNA. Isatin nanocapsules administered locally to the lung reduced cGMP production and NPRA expression and protected allergic mice from airway hyperreactivity and lung inflammation when given either before or after allergen challenge. Leukocyte infiltration was reduced and lung cytokine profiles showed a repolarization from a Th2-like to a Th1-like phenotype. Isatin nanocapsules administered locally to the lung inhibit NPRA signaling but also are capable of lowering the expression of NPRA, thus effectively reducing inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Pharmacological intervention to reduce NPRA activity through the inflammatory natriuretic peptide axis in the lung may be a useful adjunct therapy for treating lung disease.
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Neuroprotective effects of an alkaloid-free ethyl acetate extract from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait. against focal cerebral ischemia in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:1042-1051. [PMID: 19427179 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of brain nitric oxide are produced over several hours after a stroke. This probably causes DNA strand nicks, nitration of cytosolic components of neurons, and ultimately neuronal death. Oxymatrine and matrine are two major alkaloids of the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Ait. (Leguminosae); they have been demonstrated to inhibit liver injury during warm ischemia and reperfusion and to induce apoptosis, respectively, in vivo and in vitro. However, the neuroprotective efficacy of the EtOAc extract of S. flavescens (ESF) without the alkaloids has not been explored. This study investigated the inhibitory efficacy of ESF, which contain two major flavonoids kurarinone (45.5%) and sophoraflavone G (14.7%), in focal cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. After 1.5h of MCAO and 24h of reperfusion, the extent of neurological deficits and the infarct volume were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared with carnosine (50mg/kg), as positive control ESF (20mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits. Treatment of human SH-SY5Y cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor, decreased cell viability by causing apoptosis-like cell death. ESF significantly inhibited caspase-3-like enzyme activity and DNA fragmentation. The level of active caspase-3 was maximal 6h after SNP treatment. However, active caspase-3 and apoptosis were dose-dependently inhibited by ESF treatment. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ESF significantly inhibited cell apoptosis (p<0.05) and reduced the apoptotic index by 79.9% (p<0.01). These results indicate that ESF is neuroprotective in focal cerebral ischemia and the flavonoids in ESF might be responsible for its neuroprotective activity in rats, alone or in part.
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Effect of Drug Loading on the Physicochemical Properties and Stability of Cationic Lipid-based Plasmid DNA Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2009.39.5.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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179
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Treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation using 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low fluence: report of three cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:1206-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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180
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Forsythiaside, a Constituent of the Fruits of Forsythia suspense, Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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181
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Changes in reaction time when using oxygen inhalation during simple visual matching tasks. Neurosci Lett 2009; 453:175-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Long-term follow-up after deferring angioplasty in asymptomatic patients with moderate noncritical in-stent restenosis. Clin Cardiol 2009; 24:551-5. [PMID: 11501607 PMCID: PMC6654981 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960240806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) are angina-free, but the optimal treatment for these patients remains uncertain. HYPOTHESIS In cases with asymptomatic moderate noncritical ISR. deferral of the intervention may be safe and associated with favorable clinical outcome. METHODS We evaluated the long-term clinical outcome of asymptomatic patients (Group 1, n = 98) with moderate noncritical ISR (< 70% diameter stenosis) after intervention was deferred, and compared it with that of patients (Group 2, n = 655) without restenosis. After repeat angioplasty was deferred, all patients were treated medically and later underwent angioplasty only in the case of clinical recurrence. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Clinical follow-up was available in all patients at 26.3+/-15.9 months. Twenty patients died during the follow-up: 1 in Group 1 and 19 in Group 2. Target lesion revascularization was performed in 3 patients in Group 1 and 11 patients in Group 2 during follow-up (p = NS), and new lesion revascularization in 2 patients in Group 1 and 27 patients in Group 2 (p = NS). Event-free survival rate (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization) was 86.7+/-6.1% in Group 1 and 84.8+/-2.2% in Group 2 at the end of follow-up (p = NS). Major adverse cardiac events were only associated with the presence of diabetic mellitus (hazards ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-4.73, p<0.01). The percentage of patients receiving antianginal medication was similar between the two groups at the end of the study (p = NS). CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic patients with moderate noncritical ISR have a good prognosis and similar clinical outcome as those without ISR, suggesting that it may be safe to defer repeat angioplasty in these patients until angina recurrence.
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Immediate and late clinical and angiographic outcomes after GFX coronary stenting: is high-pressure balloon dilatation necessary? Clin Cardiol 2009; 23:595-9. [PMID: 10941546 PMCID: PMC6654965 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960230810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GFX stent is a balloon-expandable stent made of sinusoidal element of stainless steel. The adjunct high-pressure balloon dilatations were usually recommended in routine stenting procedure. HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes and to investigate the necessity of high-pressure balloon dilatation during GFX stenting. METHODS In all, 172 consecutive patients underwent single 12 or 18 mm GFX stent implantation in 188 native coronary lesions. Two types of stenting technique were used: (1) stent size of a final stent-to-artery ratio of 1:1 (inflation pressure > 10 atm, high-pressure group), and (2) stent size of 0.5 mm bigger than reference vessel (inflation pressure < or = 10 atm, low-pressure group). The adjunct high-pressure balloon dilatations were performed only in cases of suboptimal results. RESULTS The adjunct high-pressure balloon dilatation was required in 11 of 83 lesions (13%) in the high-pressure group and in 7 of 105 lesions (7%) in the low-pressure group (p = 0.203). Procedural success rate was 100%. There were no significant differences of in-hospital and long-term clinical events between the two groups. The overall angiographic restenosis rate was 17.7%; 18.4% in the high-pressure group and 17.1% in the low-pressure group (p = 0.991). CONCLUSIONS The GFX stent is a safe and effective device with a high procedural success rate and favorable late clinical outcome for treatment of native coronary artery disease. Further randomized trials may be needed to compare stenting techniques in GFX stent implantation.
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Rescue use of abciximab improves regional left ventricular function after early incomplete reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 2009; 24:197-201. [PMID: 11288964 PMCID: PMC6655055 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960240305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abciximab was shown to have important beneficial effects beyond the maintenance of epicardial coronary artery patency. However, it remains uncertain whether abciximab may lead to a better functional outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and with incomplete reperfusion after primary angioplasty (PA). HYPOTHESIS The study aimed to evaluate whether rescue use of abciximab may lead to a better functional outcome in such patients. METHODS The study included 25 patients with first AMI who met the following criteria: (1) total occlusion of the infarct-related artery, (2) PA within 12 h of symptom onset, (3) postprocedural diameter stenosis < 30%, and final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2. Echocardiographic examination was performed before and on Days 7 and 30 after PA. The study population was divided into two groups: Group 1 (usual care, n = 13) and Group 2 (rescue use of abciximab, n = 12). Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. RESULTS Peak level of creatine kinase was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (5,800+/-2,700 vs. 3,800+/-2,000 U/I, p < 0.05). At 1 month follow-up, infarct zone wall motion score index (2.71+/-0.26 vs. 2.05+/-0.63, p < 0.01) and left ventricular (LV) volume indices were smaller in Group 2 than in Group 1, whereas LV ejection fraction was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (52.1+/-7.8 vs. 42.1+/-6.4, p < 0.01). At 1-month, abciximab was the only independent predictor of wall motion recovery index by multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Rescue use of abciximab may reduce the infarct size in patients with AMI and TIMI grade 2 flow after PA, which may improve the recovery of regional LV function.
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Two-dimensional modelling of benzene transport and biodegradation in a laboratory-scale aquifer. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2009; 30:53-62. [PMID: 19213466 DOI: 10.1080/09593330802503669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study biodegradation of aqueous benzene during transport in a laboratory-scale aquifer model was investigated by conducting a 2-D plume test and numerical modelling. Benzene biodegradation and transport was simulated with the 2-D numerical model developed for solute transport coupled with a Haldane-Andrews type function for inclusion of an inhibition constant which is effective for high concentrations. Experimental data revealed that in the early stages the benzene plume showed a rather clear shape but lost its shape with increased travel time. The mass recoveries of benzene at 9, 16, and 22 h were 37, 13 and 8%, respectively, showing that a significant mass reduction of aqueous benzene occurred in the model aquifer. The major processes responsible for the mass reduction were biodegradation and irreversible sorption. The modelling results also indicated that the simulation based on the microbial parameters from the batch experiments slightly overestimated the mass reduction of benzene during transport. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the benzene plume was sensitive to the maximum specific growth rate and slightly sensitive to the half-saturation constant of benzene but almost insensitive to the Haldane inhibition constant. The insensitivity to the Haldane inhibition constant was due to the rapid decline of the benzene peak concentration by natural attenuation such as hydrodynamic dispersion and irreversible sorption. An analysis of the model simulation also indicated that the maximum specific growth rate was the key parameter controlling the plume behaviour, but its impact on the plume was affected by competing parameter such as the irreversible sorption rate coefficient.
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Cardiac allograft remodeling after heart transplantation is associated with increased graft vasculopathy and mortality. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:132-9. [PMID: 19067662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the patterns, predictors and outcomes of left ventricular remodeling after heart transplantation (HTX). Routine echocardiographic studies were performed and analyzed at 1 week, 1 year and 3-5 years after HTX in 134 recipients. At each study point the total cohort was divided into three subgroups based on determination of left ventricle mass and relative wall thickness: (1) NG-normal geometry (2) CR-concentric remodeling and (3) CH-concentric hypertrophy. Abnormal left ventricular geometry was found as early as 1 week after HTX in 85% of patients. Explosive mode of donor brain death was the most significant determinant of CH (OR 2.9, p = 0.01) at 1 week. CH at 1 week (OR 2.72, p = 0.01), increased body mass index (OR 1.1, p = 0.01) and cytomegalovirus viremia (OR - 4.06, p = 0.02) were predictors of CH at 1 year. CH of the cardiac allograft at 1 year was associated with increased mortality as compared to NG (RR 1.87, p = 0.03). CR (RR 1.73, p = 0.027) and CH (RR 2.04, p = 0.008) of the cardiac allograft at 1 year is associated with increased subsequent graft arteriosclerosis as compared to NG.
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Is a 2-week steroid trial after initial negative investigation for malignancy useful in differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer? A prospective outcome study. Gut 2008; 57:1704-12. [PMID: 18583399 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.150979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a peculiar type of chronic pancreatitis that responds dramatically to steroid therapy. To date, there are no worldwide consensus criteria for AIP. Different criteria with institutional preference (HISORt, revised Kim and the revised Japanese criteria) are being used to diagnose AIP, and there is controversy regarding the inclusion of steroid responsiveness in the diagnostic criteria. In contrast to the HISORt and revised Kim criteria, the revised Japanese criteria do not include steroid responsiveness as a diagnostic component. AIMS This study was performed to evaluate whether "a 2-week steroid trial and subsequent assessment of its response" is a useful diagnostic tool for the differentiation of AIP from pancreatic cancer. A further aim was to discover the surgical and clinical outcome for a patient who followed the treatment algorithm based on the steroid responsiveness. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2004 to June 2007, in the setting of clinically suspected AIP, 22 consecutive patients with atypical imaging for AIP, while not meeting the classic imaging criteria for pancreatic cancer, were challenged to undergo 2 weeks of steroid therapy (0.5 mg/kg of oral prednisolone per day). After the 2-week steroid trial, steroid responsiveness was assessed based on a marked improvement of narrowing of the main pancreatic duct and a reduction of the pancreatic mass. The steroid trial was continued in the case of positive steroid responsiveness, whereas surgical exploration was conducted in the case of negative steroid responsiveness. The final diagnosis was made by surgical exploration or long-term clinical and radiological follow-up. RESULTS All patients (n = 15) who responded to steroids were diagnosed as having AIP, whereas all patients (n = 7) who did not show a response to steroids were confirmed as having pancreatic cancer. Complete resection was possible in all (6/6; 100%), except one individual who refused surgery. CONCLUSION In the clinical setting of suspected AIP with the continued need for differentiation from pancreatic cancer due to atypical imaging for AIP, "a 2-week steroid trial and subsequent assessment of its response" may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of AIP without negative consequences for resectable pancreatic cancer. However, a steroid trial should be performed carefully only by specialists in pancreatology.
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Isolated acute cellular rejection of the liver after simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation: a case report. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2832-4. [PMID: 18929875 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT) is now considered the treatment of choice for patients with concurrent end-stage liver and kidney diseases. Even though the early postoperative mortality rate following SLKT is reported to be high compared to that of liver transplantation alone, the liver graft from the same donor has been argued to induce better kidney graft acceptance as evidenced by a low rate of acute renal rejection episodes. There have been many reports of a low incidence of acute renal rejection following SLKT; however, only a few cases were proven by simultaneous biopsies. The authors experienced a case of biopsy-proven isolated acute cellular rejection of the liver graft following SLKT.
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Aberrant promoter CpG island hypermethylation of the adenomatosis polyposis coli gene can serve as a good prognostic factor by affecting lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2008; 22:143-50. [PMID: 18847451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has been no clear evidence demonstrating whether DNA hypermethylation can affect the prognosis of esophageal cancer. We collected tissue from 50 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and tested them for DNA hypermethylation using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. CpG island hypermethylations were observed in 10% for p16, 34% for RARbetaP2, 46% for adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), 14% for RASSF1A, 84% for FHIT, and 8% for hMLH1. APC promoter hypermethylation was frequently found in patients without lymph node metastasis compared with those with lymph node metastasis (62.5% : 30.8%, P = 0.025). The number of metastatic lymph nodes were lower in patients with APC promoter hypermethylation (0.87 +/- 0.30 : 3.07 +/- 0.72, P = 0.008). Excluding operative mortalities and incomplete resections, 42 patients were analyzed for long-term outcome. During the mean follow-up period of 35 months, 17 developed recurrence and 14 died of cancer. Ten patients died of other causes. In univariable analysis, unmethylation of APC (P = 0.0015) and FHIT (P = 0.0044), as well as presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0038), were risk factors for recurrence. In multivariable analysis, lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.050) and unmethylation of APC promoter (P = 0.023) remained as significant risk factors. In conclusion, promoter hypermethylation of the APC gene is related to a lower number of metastatic lymph nodes and to superior prognosis in terms of recurrence, which suggests it might be involved in the process of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer.
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Electrical characterization of ZnO single nanowire device for chemical sensor application. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 8:4698-4701. [PMID: 19049088 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2008.ic65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vertically well-aligned high quality ZnO nanowires were grown on GaN epilayer on c-plane sapphire via a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process by introducing an Au thin film (3 nm) as a catalyst. ZnO single nanowire device was ingenuously fabricated by combining conventional optical lithography and high resolution electron beam lithography and its current-voltage characteristics were measured with doing the post process to acquire reproducible performance as a chemical gas sensor. And its temperature dependent current-voltage characteristics were measured to investigate temperature dependant electrical transport. The ZnO nanowire device showed slightly non-ohmic current-voltage characteristics which may be due to back-to-back configuration of the diodes with the insulating contact barriers and showed an relatively small activation energy of 0.2 eV. To test our device as a chemical sensor, the NO2 gas response was reported at the elevated temperature.
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Enhancement in Selectivity of Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensors Based on Mesoporous Platinum by A.C. Impedance. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2008. [DOI: 10.5229/jkes.2008.11.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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192
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Endoscopic evaluation of significant gastrointestinal lesions in patients with iron deficiency with and without anaemia: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease study. Intern Med J 2008; 39:441-6. [PMID: 19220549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endoscopy is recommended for patients with iron deficiency anaemia, there is, currently, no consensus on the role of endoscopy for iron-deficient patients without anaemia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of serious gastrointestinal (GI) lesions, identified by endoscopy in patients with iron deficiency and anaemia compared with patients with iron deficiency without anaemia. METHODS One thousand five hundred and eighteen patients with a ferritin value of <or=50 ng/mL and a total iron-binding capacity >or=300 mg/dL were retrospectively investigated using oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy between January 2005 and September 2006. The lesions identified were classified as clinically important according to standard predetermined criteria. RESULTS Among the 1518 cases, 749 patients had anaemia and 769 had normal haemoglobin levels. Clinically important lesions were identified in 24.6% of the patients with anaemia and in 22.8% of the patients without anaemia (P > 0.05). The frequency of lower GI tract lesions (13.6 vs 11.4%, P > 0.05) and upper GI tract lesions (11.9 vs 12.5%, P > 0.05) was similar in the comparisons between the two groups. However, the frequency of malignant GI lesions was higher in the patients with anaemia (5.1 vs 0.7%, P < 0.01). In addition, the patients without anaemia were significantly more likely to have early-stage neoplasia (adenoma, early gastric cancer and Dukes' A and B colon cancer) than were the patients with anaemia (98.4 vs 52.5%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that patients with iron deficiency should undergo endoscopic evaluation of the GI tract, irrespective of whether they have anaemia. The endoscopic evaluation of the GI tract in patients with iron deficiency without anaemia could provide an opportunity for the detection of early-stage neoplasia at a curable stage.
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Apparatus and method for achieving reproducible measurements of diauxic lag length and anoxic net maximum specific growth rate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2008; 29:731-738. [PMID: 18697514 DOI: 10.1080/09593330801987228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An apparatus for continuous growth of pure bacterial cultures under oxic conditions followed by a switch to anoxic batch conditions was designed. The application of this apparatus gave variability of measured parameters (diauxic lag length, anoxic net maximum specific growth rate) which were significantly lower than the variability of previously reported data. The improvement is attributed to more consistent nitrate reductase levels as a result of achieving steady state under oxic condition prior to switching to anoxic batch conditions.
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Abstract
Sibutramine is known to induce cardiovascular side effects such as tachycardia, vasodilation, and hypertension. The present study was aimed to examine the effects of sibutramine on action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle, recombinant hERG currents (IhERG), and inward currents (INa and ICa) of rat ventricular myocytes. Sibutramine at 30 μg/mL induced a shortening of action potential duration (APD) of guinea pig papillary muscle; on average, APD30 and APD90 were shortened by 23% and 17% at a stimulation rate of 1 Hz, respectively. Sibutramine suppressed the following currents: IhERG (IC50:2.408 ± 0.5117 μg/mL), L-type Ca current (IC50:2.709 ± 0.4701 μg/mL), and Na current (IC50:7.718 ± 1.7368 μg/mL). Sibutramine blocked IhERG, ICa, and INa in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, sibutramine exerted a shortening effect on APD in guinea pig papillary muscle through its more powerful blocking effects on ICa and INa rather than IhERG.
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Phylogenetic analysis of swine influenza viruses recently isolated in Korea. Virus Genes 2008; 37:168-76. [PMID: 18574682 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several influenza A viral subtypes were isolated from pigs during a severe outbreak of respiratory disease in Korea during 2005 and 2006. They included a classical swine H1N1 subtype, two swine-human-avian triple-recombinant H1N2 subtypes, and a swine-human-avian triple-recombinant H3N2 subtype. In the current study, genetic characterization to determine the probable origin of these recent isolates was carried out for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the recent Korean isolates of H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 influenza are closely related to viruses from the United States. Serologic and genetic analysis indicated that the Korean H1N2 viral subtypes were introduced directly from the United States, and did not arise from recombination between Korean H1N1 and H3N2. We suggest that the H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viral subtypes that were isolated from the Korean swine population originated in North America, and that these viruses are currently circulating in the Korean swine population.
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Auranofin promotes retinoic acid- or dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated cell differentiation of promyelocytic leukaemia cells by increasing histone acetylation. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1196-205. [PMID: 18500361 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To investigate the molecular mechanism for the effect of auranofin on the induction of cell differentiation, the cellular events associated with differentiation were analysed in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The APL blasts from leukaemia patients and NB4 cells were cotreated with auroanofin and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) at suboptimal concentration. The HL-60 cells were treated with auroanofin and a subeffective dose of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 vit D3) in combination. The effect of auroanofin was investigated on histone acetylation at the promoter of differentiation-associated genes and expression of cell cycle regulators. KEY RESULTS Treatment with auroanofin and ATRA cooperatively induced granulocytic differentiation of fresh APL blasts isolated from patients and NB4 cells. The combined treatment also increased reorganization of nuclear PML bodies and histone acetylation at the promoter of the RARbeta2 gene. Auroanofin also promoted monocytic differentiation of the HL-60 cells triggered by subeffective concentration of 1,25(OH)2 vit D3. The combined treatment of auroanofin and 1,25(OH)2 vit D3 stimulated histone acetylation at p21 promoters and increased the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase. Consistent with this, the expressions of p21, p27 and PTEN were increased and the levels of cyclin A, Cdk2 and Cdk4 were decreased. Furthermore, the hypophosphorylated form of pRb was markedly increased in cotreated cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that auroanofin in combination with low doses of either ATRA or 1,25(OH)2 vit D3 promotes APL cell differentiation by enhancing histone acetylation and the expression of differentiation-associated genes.
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Association of MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms with the risk of late acute rejection after renal transplantation in Korean patients. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:25-31. [PMID: 18186797 PMCID: PMC2228509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the factors modulating transplant rejection, chemokines and their respective receptors deserve special attention. Increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its corresponding receptor (chemokine receptor-2, CCR2) has been implicated in renal transplant rejection. To determine the impact of the MCP-1-2518G and CCR2-64I genotypes on renal allograft function, 167 Korean patients who underwent transplantation over a 25-year period were evaluated. Genomic DNA was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Fifty-five (32.9%) patients were homozygous for the MCP-1-2518G polymorphism. Nine (5.4%) patients were homozygous for the CCR2-64I polymorphism. None of the investigated polymorphism showed a significant shift in long-term allograft survival. However, a significant increase was noted for the risk of late acute rejection in recipients who were homozygous for the MCP-1-2518G polymorphism (OR, 2.600; 95% CI, 1.125–6.012; P = 0.022). There was also an association between the MCP-1-2518G/G genotype and the number of late acute rejection episodes (P = 0.024). Although there was no difference in the incidence of rejection among recipients stratified by the CCR2-V64I genotype, recipients with the CCR2-V64I GG genotype in combination with the MCP-1-2518G/G genotype had a significantly higher risk of acute or late acute rejection among the receptor-ligand combinations (P = 0.006, P = 0.008, respectively). The MCP-1 variant may be a marker for risk of late acute rejection in Korean patients.
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Optimal clustering of kinetic patterns on malignant breast lesions: comparison between K-means clustering and three-time-points method in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:2089-93. [PMID: 18002399 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is useful for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Nevertheless, due to the multi-temporal nature of DCE-MRI data, the assessment of early stage breast cancer is a challenging task. In this study, we applied an unsupervised clustering approach and cluster validation technique to the analysis of malignant intral-tumoral kinetic curves in DCE-MRI. K-means cluster analysis was performed from real world malignant tumor cases and the data were transformed into an optimal number of reference patterns representative each cluster. The optimal number of clusters was estimated by a cluster validation index, which was calculated with the ratio of inter-class scatter to intra-class scatter. This technique then classifies tumor specific patterns from a given MRI data by measuring the vector distances from the reference pattern set, and compared the result from the k-means clustering with that from three-time-points (3TP) method, which represents a clinical standard protocol for analysis of tumor kinetics. The evaluation of twenty five cases indicates that optimal k-means clustering reflects partitioning intra-tumoral kinetic patterns better than the 3TP technique. This method will greatly enhance the capability of radiologists to identify and characterize internal kinetic heterogeneity and vascular change of a tumor in breast DCE-MRI.
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Posterolateral corner reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability combined with posterior cruciate ligament injuries: comparison between fibular tunnel and tibial tunnel techniques. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2008; 16:239-48. [PMID: 18183366 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-007-0481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the results of two different methods of posterolateral corner reconstruction (fibular head tunnel versus tibial tunnel), performed at the same time as a posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Between January 1999 and October 2003, 47 patients underwent tensioning of a remnant posterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral bundle reconstruction along with a posterolateral corner reconstruction using a fibular head bone or tibial bone tunnel. Thirty-nine patients determined to be eligible were enrolled in this retrospective study after a minimum follow-up duration of 2 years. The average duration of follow-up was 35.3 months (range 24-70 months). Satisfactory results were achieved in 32 patients (82%) according to the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) scores, and 29 patients (74%) had restored external rotational stability. The fibular head tunnel was superior to the tibial tunnel method in terms of operation time (43.0 +/- 15.7 vs. 66.6 +/- 9.4 min, respectively, P < 0.001) and improved rotational stability (85 vs. 65%, respectively, P = 0.007). However, there were no significant differences seen in anteroposterior stability and clinical assessments [Orthopädische Arbeitsgruppe Knie (OAK) P = 0.277 and IKDC scores P = 0.564]. In grade 2 chronic posterolateral rotatory instability with little or no varus instability associated with injury to the posterior cruciate ligament, a posterolateral reconstructive procedure with a single sling through the fibular tunnel offers advantages of less surgical morbidity and operation time, as well as better rotational stability, over reconstruction through the tibial tunnel.
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