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Bekkering W, van Egmond-van Dam J, Bramer J, Beishuizen A, Fiocco M, Dijkstra P. Quality of life after bone sarcoma surgery around the knee: A long-term follow-up study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Endotoxin is considered to be a systemic (immunological) stressor eliciting a prolonged activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA-axis response after an endotoxin challenge is mainly due to released cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) from stimulated peripheral immune cells, which in turn stimulate different levels of the HPA axis. Controversy exists regarding the main locus of action of endotoxin on glucocorticoid secretion, since the effect of endotoxin on this neuro-endocrine axis has been observed in intact animals and after ablation of the hypothalamus; however, a lack of LPS effect has been described at both pituitary and adrenocortical levels. The resulting increase in adrenal glucocorticoids has well-documented inhibitory effects on the inflammatory process and on inflammatory cytokine release. Therefore, immune activation of the adrenal gland by endotoxin is thought to occur by cytokine stimulation of corticosteroid-releasing hormone (CRH) production in the median eminence of the hypothalamus, which, in turn stimulates the secretion of ACTH from the pituitary. Acute administration of endotoxin stimulates ACTH and cortisol secretion and the release of CRH and vasopressin (AVP) in the hypophysial portal blood. During repeated endotoxemia, tolerance of both immune and HPA function develops, with a crucial role for glucocorticoids in the modulation of the HPA axis. A single exposure to a high dose of LPS can induce a long-lasting state of tolerance to a second exposure of LPS, affecting the response of plasma TNF-α and HPA hormones. Although there are gender differences in the HPA response to endotoxin and IL-1, these responses are enhanced by castration and attenuated by androgen and estrogen replacement. Estrogens attenuate the endotoxin-induced stimulation of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1ra release and subsequent activation in postmenopausal women. There appears to be a temporal and functional relation between the HPA-axis response to endotoxin and nitric oxide formation in the neuro-endocrine hypothalamus, suggesting a stimulatory role for nitric oxide in modulating the HPA response to immune challenges.
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ESICM LIVES 2016: part two. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016. [PMCID: PMC5042923 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Smekal D, Schlaepfer P, Durovray JD, Plouhinec V, Melo N, Chiappa C, Bellomo R, Schneider AG, Mitchell S, Durrant J, Street H, Dunthorne E, Shears J, Caballero CH, Hutchison R, Lacerda P, Schwarze S, Ghabina S, Thompson E, Prowle JR, Kirwan CJ, Gonzalez CA, Pinto JL, Orozco V, Patiño JA, Garcia PK, Kurtz P, Contreras KM, Rodriguez P, Echeverri JE, Righy C, Rosario LEDLC, Lesmes SPG, Romero JCG, Herrera ANG, Pertuz EDD, Sánchez MJG, Sanz ER, Hualde JB, Hernández AA, Irazabal JMG, Spatenkova V, Bradac O, Suchomel P, Urli T, Lazzeri EH, Aspide R, Zanello M, Perez-Borrero L, Garcia-Alvarez JM, Arias-Verdu MD, Aguilar-Alonso E, Rivera-Fernandez R, Mora-Ordoñez J, De La Fuente-Martos C, Castillo-Lorente E, Guerrero-Lopez F, Lesmes SPG, Rosario LEDLC, Pertuz EDD, Hernández AA, Romero JCG, Sánchez MJG, Herrera ANG, Ramírez JR, Sanz ER, Hualde JB, León JPT, Navarro-Guillamón L, Cordovilla-Guardia S, Iglesias-Santiago A, Guerrero-López F, Fernández-Mondéjar E, Vidal A, Perez M, Juez A, Arias N, Colino L, Perez JL, Pérez H, Calpe P, Alcala MA, Robaglia D, Perez C, Lan SK, Cunha MM, Moreira T, Santos F, Lafuente E, Fernandes MJ, Silva JG, Rosario LEDLC, Lesmes SPG, Herrera ANG, Romero JCG, Pertuz EDD, Sánchez MJG, Sanz ER, Echeverría JGA, Hernández AA, Hualde JB, Podlepich V, Sokolova E, Alexandrova E, Lapteva K, Kurtz P, Shuinotsuka C, Rabello L, Vianna G, Reis A, Cairus C, Salluh J, Bozza F, Torres JCB, Araujo NJF, García-Olivares P, Keough E, Dalorzo M, Tang LK, De Sousa I, Díaz M, Marcos-Zambrano LJ, Guerrero JE, Gomez SEZ, Lopez GDH, Cuellar AIV, Nieto ORP, Gonzalez JAC, Bhasin D, Rai S, Singh H, Gupta O, Bhattal MK, Sampley S, Sekhri K, Nandha R, Aliaga FA, Olivares F, Appiani F, Farias P, Alberto F, Hernández A, Pons S, Sonneville R, Bouadma L, Neuville M, Mariotte E, Radjou A, Lebut J, Chemam S, Voiriot G, Dilly MP, Mourvillier B, Dorent R, Nataf P, Wolff M, Timsit JF, Ediboglu O, Ataman S, Ozkarakas H, Kirakli C, Vakalos A, Avramidis V, Obukhova O, Kurmukov IA, Kashiya S, Golovnya E, Baikova VN, Ageeva T, Haritydi T, Kulaga EV, Rios-Toro JJ, Perez-Borrero L, Aguilar-Alonso E, Arias-Verdu MD, Garcia-Alvarez JM, Lopez-Caler C, De La Fuente-Martos C, Rodriguez-Fernandez S, Sanchez-Orézzoli MG, Martin-Gallardo F, Nikhilesh J, Joshi V, Villarreal E, Ruiz J, Gordon M, Quinza A, Gimenez J, Piñol M, Castellanos A, Ramirez P, Jeon YD, Jeong WY, Kim MH, Jeong IY, Ahn MY, Ahn JY, Han SH, Choi JY, Song YG, Kim JM, Ku NS, Shah H, Kellner F, Rezai F, Mistry N, Yodice P, Ovnanian V, Fless K, Handler E, Alejos RM, Romeu JDM, Antón DG, Quinart A, Martí AT, Llaurado-Serra M, Lobo-Civico A, Ventura-Rosado A, Piñol-Tena A, Pi-Guerrero M, Paños-Espinosa C, Peralvo-Bernat M, Marine-Vidal J, Gonzalez-Engroba R, Montesinos-Cerro N, Treso-Geira M, Valeiras-Valero A, Martinez-Reyes L, Sandiumenge A, Jimenez-Herrera MF, Helyar S, Riozzi P, Noon A, Hallows G, Cotton H, Keep J, Hopkins PA, Taggu A, Renuka S, Sampath S, Rood PJT, Frenzel T, Verhage R, Bonn M, Pickkers P, van der Hoeven JG, van den Boogaard M, Corradi F, Melnyk L, Moggia F, Pienovi R, Adriano G, Brusasco C, Mariotti L, Lattuada M, Bloomer MJ, Coombs M, Ranse K, Endacott R, Maertens B, Blot K, Blot S, Amerongen MPVN, van der Heiden ES, Twisk JWR, Girbes ARJ, Spijkstra JJ, Riozzi P, Helyar S, Cotton H, Hallows G, Noon A, Bell C, Peters K, Feehan A, Keep J, Hopkins PA, Churchill K, Hawkins K, Brook R, Paver N, Endacott R, Maistry N, van Wijk A, Rouw N, van Galen T, Evelein-Brugman S, Taggu A, Krishna B, Sampath S, Putzu A, Fang M, Berto MB, Belletti A, Cassina T, Cabrini L, Mistry M, Alhamdi Y, Welters I, Abrams ST, Toh CH, Han HS, Gil EM, Lee DS, Park CM, Winder-Rhodes S, Lotay R, Doyle J, Ke MW, Huang WC, Chiang CH, Hung WT, Cheng CC, Lin KC, Lin SC, Chiou KR, Wann SR, Shu CW, Kang PL, Mar GY, Liu CP, Dubó S, Aquevedo A, Jibaja M, Berrutti D, Labra C, Lagos R, García MF, Ramirez V, Tobar M, Picoita F, Peláez C, Carpio D, Alegría L, Hidalgo C, Godoy K, Bakker J, Hernández G, Sadamoto Y, Katabami K, Wada T, Ono Y, Maekawa K, Hayakawa M, Sawamura A, Gando S, Marin-Mateos H, Perez-Vela JL, Garcia-Gigorro R, Peiretti MAC, Lopez-Gude MJ, Chacon-Alves S, Renes-Carreño E, Montejo-González JC, Parlevliet KL, Touw HRW, Beerepoot M, Boer C, Elbers PWG, Tuinman PR, Abdelmonem SA, Helmy TA, El Sayed I, Ghazal S, Akhlagh SH, Masjedi M, Hozhabri K, Kamali E, Zýková I, Paldusová B, Sedlák P, Morman D, Youn AM, Ohta Y, Sakuma M, Bates D, Morimoto T, Su PL, Chang WY, Lin WC, Chen CW, Facchin F, Zarantonello F, Panciera G, De Cassai A, Venrdramin A, Ballin A, Tonetti T, Persona P, Ori C, Del Sorbo L, Rossi S, Vergani G, Cressoni M, Chiumello D, Chiurazzi C, Brioni M, Algieri I, Tonetti T, Guanziroli M, Colombo A, Tomic I, Colombo A, Crimella F, Carlesso E, Gasparovic V, Gattinoni L, Neto AS, Schmidt M, Pham T, Combes A, de Abreu MG, Pelosi P, Schultz MJ, Katira BH, Engelberts D, Giesinger RE, Ackerley C, Yoshida T, Zabini D, Otulakowski G, Post M, Kuebler WM, McNamara PJ, Kavanagh BP, Pirracchio R, Rigon MR, Carone M, Chevret S, Annane D, Eladawy S, El-Hamamsy M, Bazan N, Elgendy M, De Pascale G, Vallecoccia MS, Cutuli SL, Di Gravio V, Pennisi MA, Conti G, Antonelli M, Andreis DT, Khaliq W, Singer M, Hartmann J, Harm S, Carmona SA, Almudevar PM, Abellán AN, Ramos JV, Pérez LP, Valbuena BL, Sanz NM, Simón IF, Arrigo M, Feliot E, Deye N, Cariou A, Guidet B, Jaber S, Leone M, Resche-Rigon M, Baron AV, Legrand M, Gayat E, Mebazaa A, Balik M, Kolnikova I, Maly M, Waldauf P, Tavazzi G, Kristof J, Herpain A, Su F, Post E, Taccone F, Vincent JL, Creteur J, Lee C, Hatib F, Jian Z, Buddi S, Cannesson M, Fileković S, Turel M, Knafelj R, Gorjup V, Stanić R, Gradišek P, Cerović O, Mirković T, Noč M, Tirkkonen J, Hellevuo H, Olkkola KT, Hoppu S, Lin KC, Hung WT, Chiang CC, Huang WC, Juan WC, Lin SC, Cheng CC, Lin PH, Fong KY, Hou DS, Kang PL, Wann SR, Chen YS, Mar GY, Liu CP, Paul M, Bougouin W, Geri G, Dumas F, Champigneulle B, Legriel S, Charpentier J, Mira JP, Sandroni C, Cariou A, Zimmerman J, Sullivan E, Noursadeghi M, Fox B, Sampson D, McHugh L, Yager T, Cermelli S, Seldon T, Bhide S, Brandon RA, Brandon RB, Zwaag J, Beunders R, Pickkers P, Kox M, Gul F, Arslantas MK, Genc D, Zibandah N, Topcu L, Akkoc T, Cinel I, Greco E, Lauretta MP, Andreis DT, Singer M, Garcia IP, Cordero M, Martin AD, Pallás TA, Montero JG, Rey JR, Malo LR, Montoya AAT, Martinez ADCA, Ayala LYD, Zepeda EM, Granillo JF, Sanchez JA, Alejo GC, Cabrera AR, Montenegro AP, Pham T, Beduneau G, Schortgen F, Piquilloud L, Zogheib E, Jonas M, Grelon F, Runge I, Terzi N, Grangé S, Barberet G, Guitard PG, Frat JP, Constan A, Chrétien JM, Mancebo J, Mercat A, Richard JCM, Brochard L, Soilemezi E, Koco E, Savvidou S, Nouris C, Matamis D, Di Mussi R, Spadaro S, Volta CA, Mariani M, Colaprico A, Antonio C, Bruno F, Grasso S, Rodriguez A, Martín-Loeches I, Díaz E, Masclans JR, Gordo F, Solé-Violán J, Bodí M, Avilés-Jurado FX, Trefler S, Magret M, Reyes LF, Marín-Corral J, Yebenes JC, Esteban A, Anzueto A, Aliberti S, Restrepo MI, Larsson JS, Redfors B, Ricksten SE, Haines R, Powell-Tuck J, Leonard H, Ostermann M, Berthelsen RE, Itenov TS, Perner A, Jensen JU, Ibsen M, Jensen AEK, Bestle MH, Bucknall T, Dixon J, Boa F, MacPhee I, Philips BJ, Doyle J, Saadat F, Samuels T, Huddart S, McCormick B, DeBrunnar R, Preece J, Swart M, Peden C, Richardson S, Forni L, Kalfon P, Baumstarck K, Estagnasie P, Geantot MA, Berric A, Simon G, Floccard B, Signouret T, Boucekine M, Fromentin M, Nyunga M, Sossou A, Venot M, Robert R, Follin A, Renault A, Garrouste M, Collange O, Levrat Q, Villard I, Thévenin D, Pottecher J, Patrigeon RG, Revel N, Vigne C, Mimoz O, Auquier P, Pawar S, Jacques T, Deshpande K, Pusapati R, Wood B, Pulham RA, Wray J, Brown K, Pierce C, Nadel S, Ramnarayan P, Azevedo JR, Montenegro WS, Rodrigues DP, Sousa SC, Araujo VF, Leitao AL, Prazeres PH, Mendonca AV, Paula MP, Das Neves A, Loudet CI, Busico M, Vazquez D, Villalba D, Lischinsky A, Veronesi M, Emmerich M, Descotte E, Juliarena A, Bisso MC, Grando M, Tapia A, Camargo M, Ulla DV, Corzo L, dos Santos HP, Ramos A, Doglia JA, Estenssoro E, Carbonara M, Magnoni S, Donald CLM, Shimony JS, Conte V, Triulzi F, Stretti F, Macrì M, Snyder AZ, Stocchetti N, Brody DL, Podlepich V, Shimanskiy V, Savin I, Lapteva K, Chumaev A, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Hofmeijer J, Beishuizen A, Hom H, Blans MJ, van Putten MJAM, Longhi L, Frigeni B, Curinga M, Mingone D, Beretta S, Patruno A, Gandini L, Vargiolu A, Ferri F, Ceriani R, Rottoli MR, Lorini L, Citerio G, Pifferi S, Battistini M, Cordolcini V, Agarossi A, Di Rosso R, Ortolano F, Stocchetti N, Lourido CM, Cabrera JLS, Santana JDM, Alzola LM, del Rosario CG, Pérez HR, Torrent RL, Eslami S, Dalhuisen A, Fiks T, Schultz MJ, Hanna AA, Spronk PE, Wood M, Maslove D. ESICM LIVES 2016: part three. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016. [PMCID: PMC5042925 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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de Jong E, de Lange DW, Beishuizen A, van de Ven PM, Girbes ARJ, Huisman A. Neutrophil CD64 expression as a longitudinal biomarker for severe disease and acute infection in critically ill patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:576-84. [PMID: 27565453 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophilic granulocytes express cluster of differentiation 64 (CD64) antigen upon activation. CD64 can be used as a marker of bacterial infection and sepsis. The goal of this study was to determine whether CD64 is a useful biomarker for critically ill patients and analyze longitudinal measurements with regard to outcome and sepsis severity. METHODS In this prospective observational study, CD64 analysis was performed daily until discharge from ICU or death. Demographics, clinical, laboratory data, and outcome defined as 28-day survival were recorded. Patients were included when admitted to the ICU with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock and within 24 h from start of antibiotic treatment. RESULTS Hundred and fifty-five consecutive patients were enrolled. At baseline, a difference in CD64 of 2.26 (1.33-4.47) vs. 1.49 (0.89-2.24) (P = 0.004) was seen between patients with a positive culture and negative culture. CD64 at day 1 was higher with patients with septic shock when compared with sepsis (P = 0.012). No difference of CD64 between survivors and nonsurvivors was seen. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CD64 discriminates between critically ill patients with culture positive and negative sepsis and correlates with severity of disease. However, CD64 index is not a good predictor for 28-day mortality in the critically ill patient.
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Nieman AE, Savelkoul PHM, Beishuizen A, Henrich B, Lamik B, MacKenzie CR, Kindgen-Milles D, Helmers A, Diaz C, Sakka SG, Schade RP. A prospective multicenter evaluation of direct molecular detection of blood stream infection from a clinical perspective. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:314. [PMID: 27364885 PMCID: PMC4928256 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are of major importance to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with blood stream infections (BSI). Blood culture, the current gold standard for detecting bacteria in blood, requires at least 24-48 hours and has limited sensitivity if obtained during antibiotic treatment of the patient. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to clinically evaluate the application of a commercial universal 16S/18S rDNA PCR, SepsiTest™ (PCR-ST), directly on whole blood. METHODS In total 236 samples from 166 patients with suspected sepsis were included in the study. PCR-ST results were compared to blood culture, the current gold standard for detecting BSI. Because blood cultures can give false-negative results, we performed an additional analysis to interpret the likelihood of bloodstream infection by using an evaluation based on clinical diagnosis, other diagnostic tests and laboratory parameters. RESULTS Clinical interpretation of results defined the detected organism to be contaminants in 22 of 43 positive blood cultures (51.2 %) and 21 of 47 positive PCR-ST results (44.7 %). Excluding these contaminants resulted in an overall sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-ST of 66.7 and 94.4 % respectively. Of the 36 clinically relevant samples, 11 BSI were detected with both techniques, 15 BSI were detected with PCR-ST only and 10 with blood culture only. Therefore, in this study, SepsiTest™ detected an additional 71 % BSI compared to blood culture alone. CONCLUSIONS More clinically relevant BSI were diagnosed by molecular detection, which might influence patient treatment. An improved SepsiTest™ assay suited for routine use can have additional value to blood culture in diagnosing bacteremia in septic patients.
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Brinkmann SJH, Buijs N, Vermeulen MAR, Oosterink E, Schierbeek H, Beishuizen A, de Vries JPPM, Wisselink W, van Leeuwen PAM. Perioperative glutamine supplementation restores disturbed renal arginine synthesis after open aortic surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F567-75. [PMID: 27194717 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00340.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative renal failure is a common complication after open repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The amino acid arginine is formed in the kidneys from its precursor citrulline, and citrulline is formed from glutamine in the intestines. Arginine enhances the function of the immune and cardiovascular systems, which is important for recovery after surgery. We hypothesized that renal arginine production is diminished after ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by clamping of the aorta during open abdominal aortic surgery and that parenteral glutamine supplementation might compensate for this impaired arginine synthesis. This open-label clinical trial randomized patients who underwent clamping of the aorta during open abdominal aortic surgery to receive a perioperative supplement of intravenous alanyl-glutamine (0.5 g·kg(-1)·day(-1); group A, n = 5) or no supplement (group B, n = 5). One day after surgery, stable isotopes and tracer methods were used to analyze the metabolism and conversion of glutamine, citrulline, and arginine. Whole body plasma flux of glutamine, citrulline, and arginine was significantly higher in group A than in group B (glutamine: 391 ± 34 vs. 258 ± 19 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1), citrulline: 5.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.4 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1), and arginine: 50 ± 4 vs. 26 ± 2 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1), P < 0.01), as was the synthesis of citrulline from glutamine (4.8 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)), citrulline from arginine (2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 0.96 ± 0.1 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)), and arginine from glutamine (7.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.2 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)), respectively (P < 0.001 for all). In conclusion, the production of citrulline and arginine is severely reduced after clamping during aortic surgery. This study shows that an intravenous supplement of glutamine increases the production of citrulline and arginine and compensates for the inhibitory effect of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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de Jong E, van Oers JA, Beishuizen A, Vos P, Vermeijden WJ, Haas LE, Loef BG, Dormans T, van Melsen GC, Kluiters YC, Kemperman H, van den Elsen MJ, Schouten JA, Streefkerk JO, Krabbe HG, Kieft H, Kluge GH, van Dam VC, van Pelt J, Bormans L, Otten MB, Reidinga AC, Endeman H, Twisk JW, van de Garde EMW, de Smet AMGA, Kesecioglu J, Girbes AR, Nijsten MW, de Lange DW. Efficacy and safety of procalcitonin guidance in reducing the duration of antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients: a randomised, controlled, open-label trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:819-827. [PMID: 26947523 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In critically ill patients, antibiotic therapy is of great importance but long duration of treatment is associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance. Procalcitonin is a marker used to guide antibacterial therapy and reduce its duration, but data about safety of this reduction are scarce. We assessed the efficacy and safety of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment in patients in intensive care units (ICUs) in a health-care system with a comparatively low use of antibiotics. METHODS We did a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label intervention trial in 15 hospitals in the Netherlands. Critically ill patients aged at least 18 years, admitted to the ICU, and who received their first dose of antibiotics no longer than 24 h before inclusion in the study for an assumed or proven infection were eligible to participate. Patients who received antibiotics for presumed infection were randomly assigned (1:1), using a computer-generated list, and stratified (according to treatment centre, whether infection was acquired before or during ICU stay, and dependent on severity of infection [ie, sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock]) to receive either procalcitonin-guided or standard-of-care antibiotic discontinuation. Both patients and investigators were aware of group assignment. In the procalcitonin-guided group, a non-binding advice to discontinue antibiotics was provided if procalcitonin concentration had decreased by 80% or more of its peak value or to 0·5 μg/L or lower. In the standard-of-care group, patients were treated according to local antibiotic protocols. Primary endpoints were antibiotic daily defined doses and duration of antibiotic treatment. All analyses were done by intention to treat. Mortality analyses were completed for all patients (intention to treat) and for patients in whom antibiotics were stopped while being on the ICU (per-protocol analysis). Safety endpoints were reinstitution of antibiotics and recurrent inflammation measured by C-reactive protein concentrations and they were measured in the population adhering to the stopping rules (per-protocol analysis). The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01139489, and was completed in August, 2014. FINDINGS Between Sept 18, 2009, and July 1, 2013, 1575 of the 4507 patients assessed for eligibility were randomly assigned to the procalcitonin-guided group (761) or to standard-of-care (785). In 538 patients (71%) in the procalcitonin-guided group antibiotics were discontinued in the ICU. Median consumption of antibiotics was 7·5 daily defined doses (IQR 4·0-12·7) in the procalcitonin-guided group versus 9·3 daily defined doses (5·0-16·6) in the standard-of-care group (between-group absolute difference 2·69, 95% CI 1·26-4·12, p<0·0001). Median duration of treatment was 5 days (3-9) in the procalcitonin-guided group and 7 days (4-11) in the standard-of-care group (between-group absolute difference 1·22, 0·65-1·78, p<0·0001). Mortality at 28 days was 149 (20%) of 761 patients in the procalcitonin-guided group and 196 (25%) of 785 patients in the standard-of-care group (between-group absolute difference 5·4%, 95% CI 1·2-9·5, p=0·0122) according to the intention-to-treat analysis, and 107 (20%) of 538 patients in the procalcitonin-guided group versus 121 (27%) of 457 patients in the standard-of-care group (between-group absolute difference 6·6%, 1·3-11·9, p=0·0154) in the per-protocol analysis. 1-year mortality in the per-protocol analysis was 191 (36%) of 538 patients in the procalcitonin-guided and 196 (43%) of 457 patients in the standard-of-care groups (between-group absolute difference 7·4, 1·3-13·8, p=0·0188). INTERPRETATION Procalcitonin guidance stimulates reduction of duration of treatment and daily defined doses in critically ill patients with a presumed bacterial infection. This reduction was associated with a significant decrease in mortality. Procalcitonin concentrations might help physicians in deciding whether or not the presumed infection is truly bacterial, leading to more adequate diagnosis and treatment, the cornerstones of antibiotic stewardship. FUNDING Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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Schilder L, Nurmohamed SA, ter Wee PM, Paauw NJ, Girbes ARJ, Beishuizen A, Beelen RHJ, Groeneveld ABJ. Putative novel mediators of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: handling by continuous venovenous hemofiltration and effect of anticoagulation modalities. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:178. [PMID: 26519056 PMCID: PMC4628303 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel putative mediators of acute kidney injury (AKI) include immune-cell derived tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and protein pentraxin-3 (PTX3). The effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) and different anticoagulation regimens on plasma levels were studied. METHODS At 0, 10, 60, 180 and 720 min of CVVH, samples were collected from pre- and postfilter blood and ultrafiltrate. No anticoagulation (n = 13), unfractionated heparin (n = 8) or trisodium citrate (n = 21) were compared. RESULTS Concentrations of TWEAK, Ang-2 and PTX3 were hardly affected by CVVH since the mediators were not (TWEAK, PTX3) or hardly (Ang-2) detectable in ultrafiltrate, indicating negligible clearance by the filter in spite of molecular sizes (TWEAK, PTX3) at or below the cutoff of the membrane. Heparin use, however, was associated with an increase in in- and outlet plasma TWEAK. CONCLUSION Novel AKI mediators are not cleared nor produced by CVVH. However, heparin anticoagulation increased TWEAK levels in patient's plasma whereas citrate did not, favouring the latter as anticoagulant in CVVH for AKI.
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de Jong MFC, Molenaar N, Beishuizen A, Groeneveld ABJ. Erratum to: Diminished adrenal sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone in critical illness: a prospective cohort study. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:313. [PMID: 26336862 PMCID: PMC4558768 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-1015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Brinkmann S, Buijs N, Vermeulen M, Oosterink E, Schierbeek H, Beishuizen A, de Vries JP, Wisselink W, van Leeuwen P. MON-PP276: Perioperative Intravenous Glutamine Supplementation Restores the Disturbed Arginine Synthesis After Open Repair of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, a Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hooijman PE, Beishuizen A, Witt CC, de Waard MC, Girbes ARJ, Spoelstra-de Man AME, Niessen HWM, Manders E, van Hees HWH, van den Brom CE, Silderhuis V, Lawlor MW, Labeit S, Stienen GJM, Hartemink KJ, Paul MA, Heunks LMA, Ottenheijm CAC. Diaphragm muscle fiber weakness and ubiquitin-proteasome activation in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1126-38. [PMID: 25760684 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201412-2214oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The clinical significance of diaphragm weakness in critically ill patients is evident: it prolongs ventilator dependency, and increases morbidity and duration of hospital stay. To date, the nature of diaphragm weakness and its underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that diaphragm muscle fibers of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients display atrophy and contractile weakness, and that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is activated in the diaphragm. METHODS We obtained diaphragm muscle biopsies from 22 critically ill patients who received mechanical ventilation before surgery and compared these with biopsies obtained from patients during thoracic surgery for resection of a suspected early lung malignancy (control subjects). In a proof-of-concept study in a muscle-specific ring finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) knockout mouse model, we evaluated the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the development of contractile weakness during mechanical ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Both slow- and fast-twitch diaphragm muscle fibers of critically ill patients had approximately 25% smaller cross-sectional area, and had contractile force reduced by half or more. Markers of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were significantly up-regulated in the diaphragm of critically ill patients. Finally, MuRF-1 knockout mice were protected against the development of diaphragm contractile weakness during mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that diaphragm muscle fibers of critically ill patients display atrophy and severe contractile weakness, and in the diaphragm of critically ill patients the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is activated. This study provides rationale for the development of treatment strategies that target the contractility of diaphragm fibers to facilitate weaning.
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Hofmeijer J, Beernink TMJ, Bosch FH, Beishuizen A, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, van Putten MJAM. Early EEG contributes to multimodal outcome prediction of postanoxic coma. Neurology 2015; 85:137-43. [PMID: 26070341 PMCID: PMC4515041 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early identification of potential recovery of postanoxic coma is a major challenge. We studied the additional predictive value of EEG. METHODS Two hundred seventy-seven consecutive comatose patients after cardiac arrest were included in a prospective cohort study on 2 intensive care units. Continuous EEG was measured during the first 3 days. EEGs were classified as unfavorable (isoelectric, low-voltage, burst-suppression with identical bursts), intermediate, or favorable (continuous patterns), at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Outcome was dichotomized as good or poor. Resuscitation, demographic, clinical, somatosensory evoked potential, and EEG measures were related to outcome at 6 months using logistic regression analysis. Analyses of diagnostic accuracy included receiver operating characteristics and calculation of predictive values. RESULTS Poor outcome occurred in 149 patients (54%). Single measures unequivocally predicting poor outcome were an unfavorable EEG pattern at 24 hours, absent pupillary light responses at 48 hours, and absent somatosensory evoked potentials at 72 hours. Together, these had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 50%. For the remaining 203 patients, who were still in the "gray zone" at 72 hours, a predictive model including unfavorable EEG patterns at 12 hours, absent or extensor motor response to pain at 72 hours, and higher age had an area under the curve of 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.96). Favorable EEG patterns at 12 hours were strongly associated with good outcome. EEG beyond 24 hours had no additional predictive value. CONCLUSIONS EEG within 24 hours is a robust contributor to prediction of poor or good outcome of comatose patients after cardiac arrest.
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Streefkerk JO, Beishuizen A, Groeneveld ABJ. Gastric feeding intolerance is not caused by mucosal ischemia measured by intragastric air tonometry in the critically ill. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:731-4. [PMID: 26082336 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric mucosal ischemia may be a risk factor for gastrointestinal intolerance to early feeding in the critically ill. AIMS To study intragastric PCO2 air tonometry and gastric residual volumes (GRV) before and after the start of gastric feeding. METHODS This is a two-center study in intensive care units of a university and teaching hospital. Twenty-nine critically ill, consecutive and consenting patients scheduled to start gastric feeding were studied after insertion of a gastric tonometry catheter and prior to and after start of gastric feeding (500 ml over 1 h), when clinically indicated. RESULTS Blood gasometry and intragastric tonometry were performed prior to and 2 h after gastric feeding. The intragastric to arterial PCO2 gap (normal <8 mm Hg) was elevated in 41% of patients prior to feeding and measured (mean ± standard deviation) 13 ± 20 and 16 ± 23 mm Hg in patients with normal (<100 ml, 42 ± 34 ml, n = 19) and elevated GRV (250 ± 141 ml, n = 10, P = 0.75), respectively. After feeding, the gradient did not increase and measured 27 ± 25 and 23 ± 34 mm Hg, respectively (P = 0.80). CONCLUSION Gastric mucosal ischemia is not a major risk factor for intolerance to early gastric feeding in the critically ill.
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Schilder L, Nurmohamed SA, ter Wee PM, Paauw NJ, Girbes AR, Beishuizen A, Beelen RH, Groeneveld AJ. Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Inhibitors in Failing Filters during Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: Effect of Anticoagulation Modalities. Blood Purif 2015; 39:297-305. [DOI: 10.1159/000380904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The mechanisms of early filter failure and clotting with different anticoagulation modalities during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) are largely unknown. Methods: Citrate, heparin and no anticoagulation were compared. Blood was drawn pre- and post filter up to 720 min. Concentrations of the thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), activated protein C-protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI), and type I plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) were determined. Results: In case of early filter failure (<24 h), inlet concentrations of TAT and APC-PCI were higher over time, irrespective of anticoagulation. There was more production of APC-PCI and platelet-derived PAI-1 in the filter after 10 min in the heparin group than in other groups. In clotting filters, production of APC-PCI and PAI was also higher with heparin than citrate. Conclusion: Coagulation activation in plasma and inhibition of anticoagulation in plasma and filter may partly determine early CVVH filter failure due to clotting, particularly when heparin is used. Regional anticoagulation by citrate circumvents the inhibition of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis by platelet activation following heparin.
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Mekenkamp LJM, Beishuizen A, Slomp J, Legdeur MCJC, Klaase JM, Trof RJ. Successful treatment of fulminant postoperative bleeding due to acquired haemophilia. Neth J Med 2015; 73:182-186. [PMID: 25968291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acquired haemophilia is a rare but life-threatening phenomenon in patients who have undergone surgical treatment. We describe a patient with a history of pancreatic cancer and a conventional pancreaticoduodenectomy, who underwent elective resection of an enterocutaneous fistula, complicated by fulminant haemorrhagic shock, caused by acquired haemophilia A. Eventually, the bleeding was controlled by a combination of aggressive haemostatic and immunosuppressive therapy. Prompt diagnosis of acquired haemophilia is crucial to allow early and appropriate haemostatic treatment and reduce the period of increased bleeding risk by eradicating the inhibitor with immunosuppressive therapy.
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Buijs N, Brinkmann SJH, Oosterink JE, Luttikhold J, Schierbeek H, Wisselink W, Beishuizen A, van Goudoever JB, Houdijk APJ, van Leeuwen PAM, Vermeulen MAR. Reply to GC Ligthart-Melis et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:892-3. [PMID: 25833988 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Weijs PJM, Looijaard WGPM, Beishuizen A, Girbes ARJ, Oudemans-van Straaten HM. Early high protein intake is associated with low mortality and energy overfeeding with high mortality in non-septic mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:701. [PMID: 25499096 PMCID: PMC4279460 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Early protein and energy feeding in critically ill patients is heavily debated and early protein feeding hardly studied. Methods A prospective database with mixed medical-surgical critically ill patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (>72 hours) and measured energy expenditure was used in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the relation between admission day-4 protein intake group (with cutoffs 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 g/kg), energy overfeeding (ratio energy intake/measured energy expenditure > 1.1), and admission diagnosis of sepsis with hospital mortality after adjustment for APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score. Results A total of 843 patients were included. Of these, 117 had sepsis. Of the 736 non-septic patients 307 were overfed. Mean day-4 protein intake was 1.0 g/kg pre-admission weight per day and hospital mortality was 36%. In the total cohort, day-4 protein intake group (odds ratio (OR) 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73 to 0.99; P = 0.047), energy overfeeding (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.07 to 2.44; P = 0.022), and sepsis (OR 1.77; 95%CI 1.18 to 2.65; P = 0.005) were independent risk factors for mortality besides APACHE II score. In patients with sepsis or energy overfeeding, day-4 protein intake was not associated with mortality. For non-septic, non-overfed patients (n = 419), mortality decreased with higher protein intake group: 37% for <0.8 g/kg, 35% for 0.8 to 1.0 g/kg, 27% for 1.0 to 1.2 g/kg, and 19% for ≥1.2 g/kg (P = 0.033). For these, a protein intake level of ≥1.2 g/kg was significantly associated with lower mortality (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.21 to 0.83, P = 0.013). Conclusions In non-septic critically ill patients, early high protein intake was associated with lower mortality and early energy overfeeding with higher mortality. In septic patients early high protein intake had no beneficial effect on mortality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0701-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ruijter BJ, van Putten MJAM, Horn J, Blans MJ, Beishuizen A, van Rootselaar AF, Hofmeijer J. Treatment of electroencephalographic status epilepticus after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (TELSTAR): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:433. [PMID: 25377067 PMCID: PMC4237766 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electroencephalographic (EEG) status epilepticus is described in 10 to 35% of patients with postanoxic encephalopathy after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and is associated with case fatality rates of 90 to 100%. It is unclear whether these EEG patterns represent a condition to be treated with anticonvulsants to improve outcome, or an expression of severe ischemic damage, in which treatment is futile. Methods/Design TELSTAR is a multicenter clinical trial with two parallel groups, randomized treatment allocation, open label treatment, and blinded endpoint evaluation (PROBE design). We aim to enroll 172 adult patients with postanoxic encephalopathy and electroencephalographic status epilepticus after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, admitted to the ICU, in whom continuous EEG monitoring is started within 24 hours after admission. Patients are randomly assigned to either medical treatment to suppress all electrographic seizure activity, or no treatment of electroencephalographic status epilepticus. Antiepileptic treatment is based on guidelines for treatment of overt status epilepticus and is started within 3 hours after the diagnosis. If status epilepticus returns during tapering of sedative medication after suppression of all epileptiform activity for 2 × 24 hours, it will be considered refractory. The primary outcome measure is neurological outcome defined as the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score at 3 months, dichotomized into ‘good’ (CPC 1 to 2 = no or moderate neurological disability) and ‘poor’ (CPC 3 to 5 = severe disability, coma, or death). Secondary outcome measures include mortality and, for patients surviving up to 12 months, cognitive functioning, health related quality of life, and depression. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02056236. Date of registration: 4 February 2014.
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Buijs N, Brinkmann SJH, Oosterink JE, Luttikhold J, Schierbeek H, Wisselink W, Beishuizen A, van Goudoever JB, Houdijk APJ, van Leeuwen PAM, Vermeulen MAR. Intravenous glutamine supplementation enhances renal de novo arginine synthesis in humans: a stable isotope study. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1385-91. [PMID: 25332337 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine plays a role in many different pathways in multiple cell types. Consequently, a shortage of arginine, caused by pathologic conditions such as cancer or injury, has the potential to disturb many cellular and organ functions. Glutamine is the ultimate source for de novo synthesis of arginine in humans via the intestinal-renal axis. Therefore, we hypothesized that parenteral glutamine supplementation may stimulate the interorgan pathway of arginine production. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to quantify arginine production from its precursor glutamine and to establish the contribution of the kidneys to de novo synthesis of arginine in patients receiving intravenous supplementation of glutamine dipeptide during major abdominal surgery. DESIGN Whole-body and renal metabolism of glutamine, citrulline, and arginine was assessed by stable isotope techniques in 7 patients receiving a perioperative supplement of intravenous alanyl-glutamine (0.5 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)). RESULTS Plasma glutamine, citrulline, and arginine concentrations increased significantly in patients receiving intravenous glutamine dipeptide. At whole-body level, 91% of total citrulline turnover was derived from glutamine, whereas 49% of whole-body citrulline turnover was used for de novo synthesis of arginine. The kidneys were responsible for 75% of whole-body arginine production from citrulline. CONCLUSIONS Glutamine and citrulline are important sources for de novo arginine synthesis. The kidneys are the main production site for endogenous arginine. After comparison of these results with previous similar studies, our data suggest that an intravenous glutamine supplement doubles renal arginine production from citrulline. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as NTR2914.
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Schilder L, Nurmohamed SA, Bosch FH, Purmer IM, den Boer SS, Kleppe CG, Vervloet MG, Beishuizen A, Girbes ARJ, Ter Wee PM, Groeneveld ABJ. Citrate anticoagulation versus systemic heparinisation in continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a multi-center randomized clinical trial. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:472. [PMID: 25128022 PMCID: PMC4161888 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Because of ongoing controversy, renal and vital outcomes are compared between systemically administered unfractionated heparin and regional anticoagulation with citrate-buffered replacement solution in predilution mode, during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods In this multi-center randomized controlled trial, patients admitted to the intensive care unit requiring CVVH and meeting inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to citrate or heparin. Primary endpoints were mortality and renal outcome in intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary endpoints were safety and efficacy. Safety was defined as absence of any adverse event necessitating discontinuation of the assigned anticoagulant. For efficacy, among other parameters, survival times of the first hemofilter were studied. Results Of the 139 patients enrolled, 66 were randomized to citrate and 73 to heparin. Mortality rates at 28 and 90 days did not differ between groups: 22/66 (33%) of citrate-treated patients died versus 25/72 (35%) of heparin-treated patients at 28 days, and 27/65 (42%) of citrate-treated patients died versus 29/69 (42%) of heparin-treated patients at 90 days (P = 1.00 for both). Renal outcome, i.e. independency of renal replacement therapy 28 days after initiation of CVVH in surviving patients, did not differ between groups: 29/43 (67%) in the citrate-treated patients versus 33/47 (70%) in heparin-treated patients (P = 0.82). Heparin was discontinued in 24/73 (33%) of patients whereas citrate was discontinued in 5/66 (8%) of patients (P < 0.001). Filter survival times were superior for citrate (median 46 versus 32 hours, P = 0.02), as were the number of filters used (P = 0.002) and the off time within 72 hours (P = 0.002). The costs during the first 72 hours of prescribed CVVH were lower in citrate-based CVVH. Conclusions Renal outcome and patient mortality were similar for citrate and heparin anticoagulation during CVVH in the critically ill patient with AKI. However, citrate was superior in terms of safety, efficacy and costs. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00209378. Registered 13th September 2005. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0472-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hooijman PE, Paul MA, Stienen GJM, Beishuizen A, Van Hees HWH, Singhal S, Bashir M, Budak MT, Morgen J, Barsotti RJ, Levine S, Ottenheijm CAC. Unaffected contractility of diaphragm muscle fibers in humans on mechanical ventilation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L460-70. [PMID: 25038190 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00076.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that diaphragm dysfunction develops in patients on mechanical ventilation (MV). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the contractility of sarcomeres, i.e., the smallest contractile unit in muscle, is affected in humans on MV. To this end, we compared diaphragm muscle fibers of nine brain-dead organ donors (cases) that had been on MV for 26 ± 5 h with diaphragm muscle fibers from nine patients (controls) undergoing surgery for lung cancer that had been on MV for less than 2 h. In each diaphragm specimen we determined 1) muscle fiber cross-sectional area in cryosections by immunohistochemical methods and 2) the contractile performance of permeabilized single muscle fibers by means of maximum specific force, kinetics of cross-bridge cycling by rate of tension redevelopment, myosin heavy chain content and concentration, and calcium sensitivity of force of slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers. In case subjects, we noted no statistically significant decrease in outcomes compared with controls in slow-twitch or fast-twitch muscle fibers. These observations indicate that 26 h of MV of humans is not invariably associated with changes in the contractile performance of sarcomeres in the diaphragm.
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Hooijman PE, Beishuizen A, de Waard MC, de Man FS, Vermeijden JW, Steenvoorde P, Bouwman RA, Lommen W, van Hees HWH, Heunks LMA, Dickhoff C, van der Peet DL, Girbes ARJ, Jasper JR, Malik FI, Stienen GJM, Hartemink KJ, Paul MA, Ottenheijm CAC. Diaphragm fiber strength is reduced in critically ill patients and restored by a troponin activator. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:863-5. [PMID: 24684359 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201312-2260le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Schilder L, Nurmohamed SA, ter Wee PM, Paauw NJ, Girbes ARJ, Beishuizen A, Beelen RHJ, Groeneveld ABJ. The plasma level and biomarker value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury are not affected by continuous venovenous hemofiltration and anticoagulation applied. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:R78. [PMID: 24755339 PMCID: PMC4056788 DOI: 10.1186/cc13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI), and levels reflect severity of disease in critically ill patients. However, continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) may affect plasma levels by clearance or release of NGAL by activated neutrophils in the filter, dependent on the anticoagulation regimen applied. We therefore studied handling of NGAL by CVVH in patients with AKI. Methods Immediately before initiation of CVVH, prefilter blood was drawn. After 10, 60, 180, and 720 minutes of CVVH, samples were collected from pre- and postfilter (in- and outlet) blood and ultrafiltrate. CVVH with the following anticoagulation regimens was studied: no anticoagulation in case of a high bleeding tendency (n = 13), unfractionated heparin (n = 8), or trisodium citrate (n = 21). NGAL levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Concentrations of NGAL at inlet and outlet were similar, and concentrations did not change over time in any of the anticoagulation groups; thus no net removal or production of NGAL occurred. Concentrations of NGAL at inlet correlated with disease severity at initiation of CVVH and at the end of a CVVH run. Concentrations of NGAL in the ultrafiltrate were lower with citrate-based CVVH (P = 0.03) and decreased over time, irrespective of anticoagulation administered (P < 0.001). The sieving coefficient and clearance of NGAL were low and decreased over time (P < 0.001). Conclusions The plasma level and biomarker value of NGAL in critically ill patients with AKI are not affected by CVVH, because clearance by the filter was low. Furthermore, no evidence exists for intrafilter release of NGAL by neutrophils, irrespective of the anticoagulation method applied.
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Locatelli F, Neville K, Rosolen A, Landman-Parker J, Aladjidi N, Beishuizen A, Daw S, Gore L, Franklin ARK, Fasanmade A, Wang J, Sachs J, Mauz-Körholz C. Phase 1/2 Study of Brentuximab Vedotin in Pediatric Pts with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) or Systemic Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma (sALCL): Preliminary Phase 2 HL Data. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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