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Anastasaki E, Walker A, Bradshaw S. An Update on Clinical And Economic Evidence Requirements for Advanced-Therapy Medicinal Products in Europe. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A444. [PMID: 27201200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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77
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Hogue S, Bjoerk B, Walker A, Balp MM, Fernandez M, Quijano M, Ling CS, Heyes AE. Evidence-Based Market Access Value Resource: Navigating The Hurdles for A Biologic Obtaining A License In A Second Indication in Key European Countries. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A431-A432. [PMID: 27201128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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78
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Lee D, Porter J, Hatswell AJ, Hertel N, Walker A. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Ipilimumab in Previously Untreated Patients With Unresectable Malignant Melanoma in Scotland. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A549-A550. [PMID: 27201787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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79
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Walker A, Elson A, Bovi J, Schultz C. RT-34 * USE OF HELICAL TOMOTHERAPY FOR HYPOFRACTIONATED TREATMENT OF LIMITED BRAIN METASTASES IN THE INITIAL AND RECURRENT SETTING: A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou270.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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80
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Wolfson L, Walker A, Hettle R, Lu X, Kambili C, Murungi A, Knerer G. Cost Effectiveness of Bedaquiline for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A595. [PMID: 27202043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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81
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Walker A, Tahir M, Patel A, Jeannon J, Simo R, Moonim M, Hubbard J. Prophylactic central compartment neck dissection is not routinely indicated in follicular thyroid cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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82
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Skvortsov A, Walker A. Trapping of diffusive particles by rough absorbing surfaces: boundary smoothing approach. Phys Rev E 2014; 90:023202. [PMID: 25215838 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present analytical results for the first-passage statistics of Brownian particles near a comblike absorbing boundary. Our approach is based on the method of boundary homogenization (or boundary smoothing) when an equivalent flat boundary is introduced to maintain the same diffusion flux as the original rough boundary. By using the conformal invariance of the Laplace equation we derive an analytic expression for the position of an equivalent boundary in terms of its spatial period and amplitude. The main analytical results being initially obtained for the steady state system provide important insights into the statistical characteristics of diffusive transport near rough boundaries (high order moments of the trapping time statistics).
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83
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Pettit JR, Walker A, Cawley P, Lowe MJS. A Stiffness Reduction Method for efficient absorption of waves at boundaries for use in commercial Finite Element codes. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:1868-1879. [PMID: 24359871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available Finite Element packages are being used increasingly for modelling elastic wave propagation problems. Demand for improved capability has resulted in a drive to maximise the efficiency of the solver whilst maintaining a reliable solution. Modelling waves in unbound elastic media to high levels of accuracy presents a challenge for commercial packages, requiring the removal of unwanted reflections from model boundaries. For time domain explicit solvers, Absorbing Layers by Increasing Damping (ALID) have proven successful because they offer flexible application to modellers and, unlike the Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) approach, they are readily implemented in most commercial Finite Element software without requiring access to the source code. However, despite good overall performance, this technique requires the spatial model to extend significantly outside the domain of interest. Here, a Stiffness Reduction Method (SRM) has been developed that operates within a significantly reduced spatial domain. The technique is applied by altering the damping and stiffness matrices of the system, inducing decay of any incident wave. Absorbing region variables are expressed as a function of known model constants, helping to apply the technique to generic elastodynamic problems. The SRM has been shown to perform significantly better than ALID, with results confirmed by both numerical and analytical means.
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84
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Tran P, Gajula R, Williams R, Malek R, Nugent K, Walker A, Chettiar S, Wang H, Taparra K, Cades J, Herman J. A Twist1-MLL-WDR5-HOTTIP Complex Regulates HOXA9 Chromatin to Facilitate Metastasis of Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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85
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Wagner M, Wymer J, Prieur M, Walker A. A-72 * Pitfalls in the Use of Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Pre-Clinical Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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86
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Wagner M, Mulder B, Sohn M, Walker A. A-71 * Posterior Cortical Atrophy of the Non-Alzheimer's Type. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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87
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York J, Walker A. Vertical Displacement of the Equine Pelvis When Trotting on an Aqua Treadmill. Equine Vet J 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12267_168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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88
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Griffith M, Monroe D, van Cott K, Walker A, Waugh S, Kumar A, Drohan W. N-GLYCAN SIALYLATION IS IMPORTANT FOR IN VIVO RECOVERY OF RECOMBINANT FACTOR IX. J Thromb Haemost 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.tb00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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89
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Kotre CJ, Walker A. Duty of candour and the definition of moderate harm for radiation overexposure and exposures much greater than intended in diagnostic radiology. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130555. [PMID: 24352640 PMCID: PMC4064541 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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90
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Causey MW, Walker A, Cummings M, Johnson EK, Maykel JA, Steele S. Colonic decompression and direct intraluminal medical therapy for Clostridium difficile-associated megacolon using a tube placed endoscopically in the proximal colon. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:O71-4. [PMID: 24134562 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Urgent colectomy for severe Clostridium difficile infection can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to use endoscopic methods for treatment. METHOD We describe a technique of placing an intracolonic tube facilitating decompression and direct delivery of vancomycin to the proximal colon along with enemas on a regular and frequent basis that may not be possible with vancomycin enemas alone. RESULTS Successful resolution of the C. difficile infection and avoidance of surgery. CONCLUSION While further long-term evaluation is required, our initial results have shown it to be effective in treating select patients with recalcitrant Clostridium difficile-associated megacolon.
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91
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O’Dowd DP, Robertshaw S, Walker A, Roberts DG, Romer H. Prospective study of injury severity scores during a season of British Superbike racing. TRAUMA-ENGLAND 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1460408613498066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Motorbike racing is considered by many to be a dangerous sport, but there are little data within the literature to support this view. The purpose of this study was to determine the injury severity scores of injured riders in order to assess injury severity in elite level motorbike racing. Methods: Injury data were prospectively collected from all riders who attended the circuit medical centres at all rounds of the 2011 British Superbike Season. Abbreviated injury score and injury severity score were calculated for each rider and recorded along with other rider demographics. Results: A total of 259 riders presented to the circuit medical centres with injuries during the 2011 season. They suffered 382 injuries between them, with one fatality. The median injury severity score was 1 (mean 3.28, range 1–48, SD 5.08). Of the 1010 fallers during the season, only 33 (3.3%) required acute hospital admission. Conclusion: Greater than 93% of injured riders had injuries with an injury severity score ≤ 8 which is likely related to the high degree of protective clothing worn and safety measures at circuits including air fencing. The injury severity scores presented here for motorbike racing are less than or comparable to those seen in other physical sports such as elite level horse riding.
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92
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Mitchell H, Jennings C, Olsen E, Walker A, Weller R, Pfau T. Lunging on soft and hard ground: differences between sound and mildly lame horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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93
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Towfigh S, Anderson S, Walker A. When it is not a Spigelian Hernia: Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome. Am Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481307901032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal wall pain at the linea semilunaris is classically the result of a Spigelian hernia. If no hernia is detected, these patients may be left with chronic pain without a diagnosis or treatment. A retrospective review was performed of patients presenting with abdominal wall pain at the linea semilunaris between 2009 and 2012. Of the 14 patients, three (21%) were diagnosed with a Spigelian hernia confirmed by imaging. The remaining patients were eventually diagnosed with abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES). The average delay in diagnosis was 4 years with patients with ACNES suffering twice as long with chronic pain. Patients with a Spigelian hernia and ACNES had different demographics and presenting complaints. Physical examination findings were nondiagnostic. Of the patients with ACNES, five (50%) had resolution of pain with serial nerve blocks alone; another five proceeded to surgical neurectomy with resolution of their pain. Thus, to prevent delay in diagnosis and treatment, patients with chronic abdominal wall pain at the linea semilunaris should first be ruled out for Spigelian hernia. Then, they should be evaluated and treated for ACNES.
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94
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Towfigh S, Anderson S, Walker A. When it is not a Spigelian hernia: abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. Am Surg 2013; 79:1111-1114. [PMID: 24160810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal wall pain at the linea semilunaris is classically the result of a Spigelian hernia. If no hernia is detected, these patients may be left with chronic pain without a diagnosis or treatment. A retrospective review was performed of patients presenting with abdominal wall pain at the linea semilunaris between 2009 and 2012. Of the 14 patients, three (21%) were diagnosed with a Spigelian hernia confirmed by imaging. The remaining patients were eventually diagnosed with abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES). The average delay in diagnosis was 4 years with patients with ACNES suffering twice as long with chronic pain. Patients with a Spigelian hernia and ACNES had different demographics and presenting complaints. Physical examination findings were nondiagnostic. Of the patients with ACNES, five (50%) had resolution of pain with serial nerve blocks alone; another five proceeded to surgical neurectomy with resolution of their pain. Thus, to prevent delay in diagnosis and treatment, patients with chronic abdominal wall pain at the linea semilunaris should first be ruled out for Spigelian hernia. Then, they should be evaluated and treated for ACNES.
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Mitchell H, Jennings C, Olsen E, Walker A, Weller R, Pfau T. Movement Symmetry Patterns During Lungeing in Trot on Hard and Soft Surface Differ Between Sound and Mildly Forelimb Lame Horses. Equine Vet J 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12145_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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96
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Oyebode O, Gordon-Dseagu V, Walker A, Mindell J. OP85 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Mortality: A Cox Regression Analysis. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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97
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Walker A, Srinivas GB. Opportunities and strategies to further reduce animal use for Leptospira vaccine potency testing. Biologicals 2013; 41:332-7. [PMID: 23891496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamsters are routinely infected with virulent Leptospira for two purposes in the regulation of biologics: the performance of Codified potency tests and maintenance of challenge culture for the Codified potency tests. Options for reducing animal use in these processes were explored in a plenary lecture at the "International Workshop on Alternative Methods for Leptospira Vaccine Potency Testing: State of the Science and the Way Forward" held at the Center for Veterinary Biologics in September 2012. The use of validated in vitro potency assays such as those developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for Leptospira (L.) canicola, Leptospira grippotyphosa, Leptospira pomona, and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae rather than the Codified hamster vaccination-challenge assay was encouraged. Alternatives such as reduced animal numbers in the hamster vaccination-challenge testing were considered for problematic situations. Specifically, the merits of sharing challenge controls, reducing group sizes, and eliminating animals for concurrent challenge dose titration were assessed. Options for maintaining virulent, stable cultures without serial passage through hamsters or with decreased hamster use were also discussed. The maintenance of virulent Leptospira without the use of live animals is especially difficult since a reliable means to maintain virulence after multiple in vitro passages has not yet been identified.
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98
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Christodoulou G, Walker A, Steen WM, West DRF. Laser surface melting of some alloy steels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/030716983803291271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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99
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Walker A, West DRF, Steen WM. Laser surface alloying of iron and 1C–1–4Cr steel with carbon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/030716984803274882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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100
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Srinivas GB, Walker A, Rippke B. USDA regulatory guidelines and practices for veterinary Leptospira vaccine potency testing. Biologicals 2013; 41:298-302. [PMID: 23838570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Batch-release potency testing of leptospiral vaccines licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) historically was conducted through animal vaccination-challenge models. The hamster vaccination-challenge assay was Codified in 1974 for bacterins containing Leptospira pomona, Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, and Leptospira canicola, and in 1975 for bacterins containing Leptospira grippotyphosa. In brief, 10 hamsters are vaccinated with a specified dilution of bacterin. After a holding period, the vaccinated hamsters, as well as nonvaccinated controls, are challenged with virulent Leptospira and observed for mortality. Eighty percent of vaccinated hamsters must survive in the face of a valid challenge. The high cost of the Codified tests, in terms of monetary expense and animal welfare, prompted the Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB) to develop ELISA alternatives for them. Potency tests for other serogroups, such as Leptospira hardjo-bovis, that do not have Codified requirements for potency testing continue to be examined on a case-by-case basis.
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