76
|
Kausch I, Sommerauer M, Montorsi F, Stenzl A, Jacqmin D, Jichlinski P, Jocham D, Ziegler A, Vonthein R. [Fluorescence diagnosis in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: results of a metaanalysis]. Aktuelle Urol 2010; 41:171-7. [PMID: 20486035 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1247363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heterogeneous results of single studies with photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) in bladder cancer have been reported. A metaanalysis of prospective studies has now been performed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of PDD in addition to WLC on a) the diagnosis and b) the therapeutic outcome of primary or recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) investigated by cystoscopy or transurethral resection was analysed. An electronic database search was performed. Trials were included if they prospectively compared WLC with PDD in bladder cancer. Primary endpoints were additional detection rate, residual tumour at second resection and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS Significantly more tumour-positive patients were detected with PDD in all patients with non-muscle invasive tumours (= 20 %) [95 % confidence interval (CI): 8 to 35 %] and in CIS patients (= 39 %) (CI: 23 to 57 %). Residual tumour was significantly less often found after PDD (odds ratio 0.28, CI: 0.15 to 0.52, p < 0.0001). Recurrence-free survival was significantly higher at 12 and 24 months in the PDD groups than in WLC only groups. CONCLUSIONS More bladder tumour-positive patients are detected by PDD. Best results were found in CIS patients. Diagnosis with PDD results in a more complete resection and a longer recurrence-free survival.
Collapse
|
77
|
Hemmelmann C, Brose S, Vens M, Hebebrand J, Ziegler A. Perzentilen des Body-Mass-Index auch für 18- bis 80-Jährige? Daten der Nationalen Verzehrsstudie II. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2010; 135:848-52. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1253666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
78
|
Tilsner J, Cowan GH, Roberts AG, Chapman SN, Ziegler A, Savenkov E, Torrance L. Plasmodesmal targeting and intercellular movement of potato mop-top pomovirus is mediated by a membrane anchored tyrosine-based motif on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum and the C-terminal transmembrane domain in the TGB3 movement protein. Virology 2010; 402:41-51. [PMID: 20350737 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Live-cell fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the third triple gene block protein (TGB3) of potato mop-top pomovirus and its role in assisted targeting of TGB2 to plasmodesmata (PD). Wild-type and mutant TGB3 proteins were expressed under the control of the 35S promoter or from a virus reporter clone. Assisted targeting of TGB2 to PD was optimal when the proteins were expressed from a bicistronic plasmid in the relative ratios expected in a virus infection, suggesting that excess TGB3 inhibited PD localisation. Contrary to the generally accepted view, bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that the TGB3 N terminus is located in the cytosol. Mutational analysis to dissect TGB3 sub domain functions showed that PD targeting was mediated by a composite signal comprising an ER-lumenal tyrosine-based motif and the C-terminal transmembrane domain. Mutation of either of these domains also abolished cell-to-cell movement of the virus. The results are discussed in the context of TGB3 membrane topology.
Collapse
|
79
|
Kleensang A, Franke D, Alcaïs A, Abel L, Müller-Myhsok B, Ziegler A. An extensive comparison of quantitative trait Loci mapping methods. Hum Hered 2010; 69:202-11. [PMID: 20203525 DOI: 10.1159/000289596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choices of study design and statistical approach for mapping a quantitative trait (QT) are of great importance. Larger sibships and a study design based upon phenotypically extreme siblings can be expected to have a greater statistical power. On the other hand, selected samples and/or deviation from normality can influence the robustness and power. Unfortunately, the effects of violation of multivariate normality assumptions and/or selected samples are only known for a limited number of methods. Some recommendations are available in the literature, but an extensive comparison of robustness and power under several different conditions is lacking. METHODS We compared eight freely available and commonly applied QT mapping methods in a Monte-Carlo simulation study under 36 different models and study designs (three genetic models, three selection schemes, two family structures and the possible effect of deviation from normality). RESULTS Empirical type I error fractions and empirical power are presented and explained as a whole and for each method separately, followed by a thorough discussion. CONCLUSIONS The results from this extensive comparison could serve as a valuable source for the choice of the study design and the statistical approach for mapping a QT.
Collapse
|
80
|
Isola A, Ziegler A, Schäfer D, Köhler T, Niessen W, Grass M. Motion compensated iterative reconstruction of a region of interest in cardiac cone-beam CT. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2010; 34:149-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
81
|
Ziegler A. So lügt man mit Statistik – Heute: Die Meta-Analyse. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1249181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
82
|
Ziegler A. On novel approaches for classification. A proposal for an interdisciplinary debate. Methods Inf Med 2010; 49:205-206. [PMID: 20461284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
|
83
|
Szymczak S, Igl BW, Ziegler A. Detecting SNP-expression associations: A comparison of mutual information and median test with standard statistical approaches. Stat Med 2009; 28:3581-96. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
84
|
Ziegler A. So lügt man mit Statistik – Heute: die Meta-Analyse. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:2469-70. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
85
|
|
86
|
Stahl C, Dahmen G, Ziegler A, Muhl E. Comparison of automated protocol-based versus non-protocol-based physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00390-009-0061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
87
|
Brüggemann N, Kock N, Lohmann K, König IR, Rakovic A, Hagenah J, Schmidt A, Ziegler A, Jabusch HC, Siebner H, Altenmüller E, Münchau A, Klein C. The D216H variant in the DYT1 gene: a susceptibility factor for dystonia in familial cases? Neurology 2009; 72:1441-3. [PMID: 19380705 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a1861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
88
|
Grossherr M, Hengstenberg A, Meier T, Dibbelt L, Igl B, Ziegler A, Schmucker P, Gehring H. Propofol concentration in exhaled air and arterial plasma in mechanically ventilated patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:608-13. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
89
|
Ziegler A, Hirsch T, Krause W, Neumann K, Schieferstein G, Dohr G, Kohlstädt S, Uchanska-Ziegler B. Monoclonal antibodies against antigens expressed by human sperm. Andrologia 2009; 22 Suppl 1:101-9. [PMID: 2132064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1990.tb02076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and characterization of 21 mouse monoclonal antibodies (TüS1-TüS21) with specificity predominantly for human spermatozoa antigens is described. Reactivity of cells from human ejaculates, peripheral blood and several organs was determined using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP)-technique as well as the indirect immunofluorescence test. 15 of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with various regions of human sperm and often also with their precursor cells in the testis. Cross-reactivity with animal spermatozoa was frequently observed.
Collapse
|
90
|
Dohr G, Blaschitz A, Hirsch T, Kohlstädt S, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A. Immunoelectron microscopy of human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2009; 22 Suppl 1:92-100. [PMID: 2132076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1990.tb02075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of immunocytochemical methods using various markers for electron microscopy have been developed in recent years. The immunogold technique has been especially effective in histotopochemical studies. The value of this technique for demonstrating sperm antigens results from the high electron density of gold, which makes it easily detectable under the electron microscope. The high resolution of the electron microscope permits precise localization of immunologic reactions in the sperm cell. Light microscopy findings can thus be elucidated. We tested a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with sperm antigens. Of three techniques for preparing the spermatozoa, the pre-embedding method and marking of cryoultra-microtome sections proved best.
Collapse
|
91
|
Schöbel WA, Schieferstein G, Knapp R, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A. Identification of Human Spermatozoa Antigens Using Monoclonal Antibodies and the Alkaline Phosphatase Anti-Alkaline Phosphatase-Technique/Identifizierung von Antigenen humaner Spermatozoen mit Hilfe monoklonaler Antikörper und der alkalischen Phosphatase. Andrologia 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1988.tb00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
92
|
Pfitzer B, Dahmen G, Gehring H, Meier T, Schmucker P, Ziegler A, Roth-Isigkeit A. Schmerzen bei Jungen und Mädchen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-008-1814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
93
|
Ebe S, Schuppenies A, Lachmann L, Boerschmann H, Hofbauer V, Bunk M, Ziegler A. Mögliche Prävention von Typ 2 DM – erste Daten der PINGUIN-Studie (Postpartale Intervention bei Gestationsdiabetikerinnen unter Insulintherapie). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
94
|
Huber AJ, Ziegler A, Köck T, Hillenbrand R. Infrared nanoscopy of strained semiconductors. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:153-7. [PMID: 19265843 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about strain at the nanometre scale is essential for tailoring the mechanical and electronic properties of materials. Flaws, cracks and their local strain fields can be detrimental to the structural integrity of many solids. Conversely, the controlled straining of silicon can be used to improve the performance of electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate that infrared near-field microscopy allows direct, non-invasive mapping and a semiquantitative analysis of residual strain fields in polar semiconductor crystals with nanometre-scale resolution. Our experiments with silicon carbide crystals yield optical images of nanoindents showing strain features as small as 50 nm and the evolution of nanocracks. In addition, by imaging nanoindents in doped silicon, we provide experimental evidence for plasmon-assisted near-field imaging of free-carrier properties in nanoscale strain fields. Near-field infrared strain mapping provides possibilities for nanoscale material and device characterization, and could become a tool for nanoscale mapping of the local free-carrier mobility in strain-engineered semiconductors.
Collapse
|
95
|
Ziegler A, Rockel B, Hegerl R, Freitag B, Lücken U, Plitzko JM. Aberration-corrected microscopy for structural biology applications. J Microsc 2009; 233:170-7. [PMID: 19196423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.03106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of a C(s)-corrected transmission electron microscope for structural studies of biological samples, in particular isolated macromolecular complexes. A 300-kV transmission electron microscope, equipped with a C(s) corrector was employed to record sets of images at different defocus and C(s) settings. The experiments were designed to determine whether imaging with large defocus benefits from C(s) correction. Defocus contrast in biological imaging has a stronger influence on image resolution than any other parameter. We find the results are in good agreement with theoretical framework, verifying that the typical imaging conditions required for biological investigations are not affected by C(s) correction.
Collapse
|
96
|
Kahles H, Kordonouri O, Ramos Lopez E, Walter M, Rosinger S, Boehm BO, Badenhoop K, Seidl C, Ziegler A. Mating in parents of type 1 diabetes families as a function of the HLA DR-DQ haplotype. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11 Suppl 1:84-7. [PMID: 19143819 PMCID: PMC2759296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.01007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6p21 (IDDM1) contributes about half of the familial clustering of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Several studies have revealed that highly polymorphic genes within the MHC may associate with the mating choice. Our study should determine whether a specific mating effect is detectable in T1D families as a function of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR-DQ, which could contribute to disease susceptibility. METHODS We analysed the parental HLA-DR genotypes in 829 diabetic families. The families derive from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) in addition to those of our own centre and the original UK, US and SCAND diabetic families. RESULTS A total of 307 of 829 parental couples (37.0%) were matched for at least one known T1D risk haplotype (DR3 or DR4), which is significantly less than the expected 374.9 (45.2%), derived from population genotype frequencies (p < 0.0009). Parents share less susceptibility haplotypes and rather complement each other as both carry one different risk haplotype (DR3 or DR4). The number of such parental couples was significantly higher than expected (293 vs. 223.4; p < 0.0003). All non-transmitted DR haplotype pairs were also analysed. More often than expected, both parents did not transmit DR1 (94 vs. 59.1; p < 0.003) and DRy (y: not DR1, not DR3, not DR4; 63 vs. 30.3; p < 0.0005). In contrast, the parental non-transmitted pair of haplotypes DR1-DRy was observed to a far lesser extent than expected (26 vs. 84.7; p < 10(-8)). These observations were only made in multiplex families, whereas in simplex families, no deviation from the expected frequencies was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with the conclusion that genes in the HLA region may influence the mating choice in parents of T1D patients, thus contributing to familial clustering of T1D in multiplex families. This may indicate a different parental background of multiplex compared with simplex T1D families.
Collapse
|
97
|
Badenhoop K, Kahles H, Seidl C, Kordonouri O, Lopez ER, Walter M, Rosinger S, Ziegler A, Böhm BO. MHC-environment interactions leading to type 1 diabetes: feasibility of an analysis of HLA DR-DQ alleles in relation to manifestation periods and dates of birth. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11 Suppl 1:88-91. [PMID: 19143820 PMCID: PMC2759302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.01008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The region on chromosome 6p21 (IDDM1) confers the largest part of genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) with particular human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles predisposing and others protecting from it. As T1D is primarily a "sporadic" disease, the pathophysiology must involve gene-environment interactions. We searched for indirect evidence for such major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-environment interactions by asking two questions: (i) can the degree of an HLA association vary over time periods? and (ii) if a prenatal event like an intrauterine infection - that might cluster in seasons - leads to differences of HLA associations in patients with particular birth months? METHODS We screened the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) database (in addition our own database and the original UK, US and SCAND databases) for MHC DR-DQ and CTLA4 associations. First, we separated the groups of patients with onset of disease before 1980 in comparison with onset after 1980. Second, we analysed the data according to dates of birth (grouped in months). Not all patients' dates of birth or manifestation periods were available, leading to different group sizes. There were 282 patients analysed for manifestation periods and 329 for birth month. RESULTS The cohorts of manifestation before 1980 demonstrated a significantly lower frequency of DQ2/X (2 vs. 14.2%; p = 0.03). There was a trend for DQ8/x to be more frequent for manifestations before 1980 (34 vs. 21.6%; p < 0.10). Other alleles did not differ significantly. The months of birth were not evenly distributed. Significant deviations from the whole group were seen in August (DQ2/8 trough and DQx/x high), whereas birth in September was more frequent in DQ8/x or DQ8/8 carriers. This pattern was significantly different from the expected distribution of months at birth (13.9 vs. 7.6%; p < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the feasibility of an analysis that searches for indirect evidence of gene-environment interactions. These preliminary data need to be confirmed in larger data sets.
Collapse
|
98
|
König I, Schwandner T, Roblick M, Heimerl A, Ziegler A. Deutschsprachige Fragebögen zur standardisierten Erfassung von Stuhlinkontinenz und Lebensqualität. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:239-42. [PMID: 19180414 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1123985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
99
|
Samani NJ, Deloukas P, Erdmann J, Hengstenberg C, Kuulasmaa K, McGinnis R, Schunkert H, Soranzo N, Thompson J, Tiret L, Ziegler A. Large scale association analysis of novel genetic loci for coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:774-80. [PMID: 19164808 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.181388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined analysis of 2 genome-wide association studies in cases enriched for family history recently identified 7 loci (on 1p13.3, 1q41, 2q36.3, 6q25.1, 9p21, 10q11.21, and 15q22.33) that may affect risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Apart from the 9p21 locus, the other loci await substantive replication. Furthermore, the effect of these loci on CAD risk in a broader range of individuals remains to be determined. METHODS AND RESULTS We undertook association analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms at each locus with CAD risk in 11,550 cases and 11,205 controls from 9 European studies. The 9p21.3 locus showed unequivocal association (rs1333049, combined odds ratio [OR]=1.20, 95% CI [1.16 to 1.25], probability value=2.81 x 10(-21)). We also confirmed association signals at 1p13.3 (rs599839, OR=1.13 [1.08 to 1.19], P=1.44 x 10(-7)), 1q41 (rs3008621, OR=1.10 [1.04 to 1.17], P=1.02 x 10(-3)), and 10q11.21 (rs501120, OR=1.11 [1.05 to 1.18], P=4.34 x 10(-4)). The associations with 6q25.1 (rs6922269, P=0.020) and 2q36.3 (rs2943634, P=0.032) were borderline and not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. The 15q22.33 locus did not replicate. The 10q11.21 locus showed a possible sex interaction (P=0.015), with a significant effect in women (OR=1.29 [1.15 to 1.45], P=1.86 x 10(-5)) but not men (OR=1.03 [0.96 to 1.11], P=0.387). There were no other strong interactions of any of the loci with other traditional risk factors. The loci at 9p21, 1p13.3, 2q36.3, and 10q11.21 acted independently and cumulatively increased CAD risk by 15% (12% to 18%), per additional risk allele. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide strong evidence for association between at least 4 genetic loci and CAD risk. Cumulatively, these novel loci have a significant impact on risk of CAD at least in European populations.
Collapse
|
100
|
Serra A, Görgens H, Alhadad K, Ziegler A, Fitze G, Schackert HK. Analysis of RET, ZEB2, EDN3 and GDNF genomic rearrangements in 80 patients with Hirschsprung disease (using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification). Ann Hum Genet 2009; 73:147-51. [PMID: 19183406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is transmitted in a complex pattern of inheritance and is mostly associated with variants in the RET proto-oncogene. However, RET mutations are only identified in 15-20% of sporadic HSCR cases and solely in 50% of the familial cases. Since genomic rearrangements in particularly sensitive areas of the RET proto-oncogene and/or associated genes may account for the HSCR phenotype in patients without other detectable RET variants, the aim of the present study was to identify rearrangements in the coding sequence of RET as well as in three HSCR-associated genes (ZEB2, EDN3 and GDNF) in HSCR patients by using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). We have screened 80 HSCR patients for genomic rearrangements in RET, ZEB2, EDN3 and GDNF and did not identify any deletion or amplification in these four genes in all patients. We conclude that genomic rearrangements in RET are rare and were not responsible for the HSCR phenotype in individuals without identifiable germline RET variants in our group of patients, yet this possibility cannot be excluded altogether because the confidence to identify variation in at least two percent of the individuals was only 95%.
Collapse
|