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De Salazar PM, Niehus R, Taylor A, Buckee C, Lipsitch M. Using predicted imports of 2019-nCoV cases to determine locations that may not be identifying all imported cases. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32511458 PMCID: PMC7239086 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.04.20020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cases from the ongoing outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) exported from mainland China can lead to self-sustained outbreaks in other populations. Internationally imported cases are currently being reported in several different locations. Early detection of imported cases is critical for containment of the virus. Based on air travel volume estimates from Wuhan to international destinations and using a generalized linear regression model we identify locations which may potentially have undetected internationally imported cases.
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Kilgour AHM, Redmond P, Taylor A, Deary IJ, Starr JM, Shenkin SD. 70 Prevalence of Sarcopenia in A Longitudinal UK Cohort Study Using Ewgsop2 Criteria Varies Widely Depending on Which Measures of Muscle Strength and Performance are Used. Age Ageing 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz188.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) guidelines have recently been published to aid diagnosis of sarcopenia in the clinical setting and to allow for better comparison between research studies. The guidelines recommend several different tests for diagnosing sarcopenia. We hypothesised that the prevalence of sarcopenia might vary depending on which tests are used.
Methods
We used data from Wave 3 of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study, a longitudinal ageing study of healthy, community dwelling older adults (n= 697, 52% men, mean age 76y), to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia using the suggested cut-offs in the EWGSOP2 guidelines. Probable sarcopenia was defined as low muscle strength (measured by handgrip strength and 5x chair stand test), confirmed sarcopenia was defined as low muscle strength + low lean mass (measured by bioimpedance analysis), and severe sarcopenia was defined as confirmed sarcopenia + low muscle performance (measured by gait speed and short physical performance battery score). SPSS version 24.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Results
The maximum prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 24.2% in men and 24.8% in women, of confirmed sarcopenia was 7.4% in men and 11.0% in women, and of severe sarcopenia was 4.6% in men and 5.9% in women, when either of the cut-offs for muscle strength +/- muscle performance were met. When using only one measure of muscle strength +/- performance, rates of probable sarcopenia ranged from 7.7% to 21.1% in men and 5.9% to 21.3% in women; rates of confirmed sarcopenia ranged from 3.9% to 5.3% in men and 5.1% to 9% in women; and rates of severe sarcopenia ranged from 1.4% to 3.9% in men and from 2.0% to 5.1% in women.
Conclusions
In a UK-based longitudinal ageing study we found that the prevalence of probable, confirmed and severe sarcopenia varied widely using the EWGSOP2 guidelines depending on which identifying tests were used. We found that the cut-off points suggested for some of the measures in the guidelines are not comparable and may lead to differing groups being identified as sarcopenic between different trials. We suggest modification of the cut-offs to adjust for this.
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Fantle-Lepczyk J, Crampton LH, Taylor A, Duffy DC, Conant S. An analysis of translocation regimes for the endangered puaiohi Myadestes palmeri. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Shukla N, Paul M, Halley M, Lowes MA, Hester V, Aguilar C, Guilbault S, Long TS, Taylor A, Thompson AC, Yannuzzi CA, Linos E, Naik HB. Identifying barriers to care and research in hidradenitis suppurativa: findings from a patient engagement event. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1490-1492. [PMID: 31883104 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Fuller CW, Taylor A, Douglas M, Raftery M. Rugby World Cup 2019 injury surveillance study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 32:v32i1a8062. [PMID: 36818969 PMCID: PMC9924538 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Full contact team sports, such as rugby union, have high incidences of injury. Injury surveillance studies underpin player welfare programmes in rugby union. Objective To determine the incidence, severity, nature and causes of injuries sustained during the Rugby World Cup 2019. Methods A prospective, whole population study following the definitions and procedures recommended in the consensus statement for epidemiologic studies in rugby union. Output measures included players' age (years), stature (cm), body mass (kg), playing position, and group-level incidence (injuries/1000 player-hours), severity (days-absence), injury burden (days absence/1000 player-hours), location (%), type (%) and inciting event (%) of injuries. Results Overall incidences of injury were 79.4 match injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI: 67.4 to 93.6) and 1.5 training injuries/1000 player-training-hours (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.3). The overall mean severity of injury was 28.9 (95% CI: 20.0 to 37.8) days absence during matches and 14.8 (95% CI: 4.1 to 25.5) days absence during training. The most common locations and types of match injuries were head/face (22.4%), posterior thigh (12.6%), ligament sprain (21.7%) and muscle strain (20.3%); the ankle (24.0%), posterior thigh (16.0%), muscle strain (44.0%) and ligament sprain (16.0%) were the most common locations and types of injuries during training. Tackling (28.7%), collisions (16.9%) and running (16.9%) were responsible for most match injuries and non-contact (36.0%) and contact (32.0%) rugby skills activities for training injuries. Conclusion The incidence, severity, nature and inciting events associated with match and training injuries at Rugby World Cup 2019 were similar to those reported for Rugby World Cups 2007, 2011 and 2015.
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Fernando H, Nehme Z, Peter K, Bernard S, Stephenson M, Bray J, Cameron P, Ellims A, Taylor A, Kaye D, Smith K, Stub D. 869 Prehospital Opioid Dose and Myocardial Injury in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alexander S, Hopkins N, Lalondrelle S, Taylor A, Titmarsh K, McNair H. RTT-led IGRT for cervix cancer; training, implementation and validation. Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol 2019; 12:41-49. [PMID: 32095554 PMCID: PMC7033802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tipsro.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IGRT in cervical cancer treatment delivery is complex due to significant target and organs at risk (OAR) motion. Implementing image assessment of soft-tissue target and OAR position to improve accuracy is recommended. We report the development and refinement of a training and competency programme (TCP), leading to on-line Radiation Therapist (RTT) led soft-tissue assessment, evaluated by a prospective audit. METHODS AND MATERIALS The TCP comprised didactic lectures and practical sessions, supported by a comprehensive workbook. The content was decided by a team comprised of Clinical Oncologists, RTTs, and Physicists. On completion of training, RTT soft-tissue review proficiency (after bony anatomy registration) was assessed against a clinician gold-standard from a database of 20 cervical cancer CBCT images. Reviews were graded pass or fail based on PTV coverage assessment and decision taken in concordance with the gold-standard. Parity was set at ≥80% agreement.The initial TCP (stage one) focussed on offline verification and decision making. Sixteen RTTs completed this stage, four achieved ≥80%. This was not sufficient to support clinical implementation.The TCP was redesigned, more stringent review guidelines and greater anatomy teaching was added. TCP stage two focussed on online verification and decision making supported by a decision flowchart. Twenty-one RTTs completed this TCP, all achieved ≥80%. This supported clinical implementation of RTT-led soft-tissue review under prospective audit conditions.The prospective audit was conducted between March 2017 and August 2017. Daily online review was performed by two trained RTTs. Online review and decision making proficiency was evaluated by a clinician. RESULTS Thirteen patients were included in the audit. Daily online RTT-led IGRT was achieved for all 343 fractions. Two-hundred CBCT images were reviewed offline by the clinician; the mean number of reviews per patient was 15. 192/200 (96%) RTT image reviews were in agreement with clinician review, presenting excellent concordance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary involvement in training development, redesign of the TCP and inclusion of summative competency assessment were important factors to support RTT skill development. Consequently, RTT-led cervical cancer soft-tissue IGRT was clinically implemented in the hospital.
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Szpylka J, DeVries JW, Bhandari S, Bui MH, Ji D, Konings E, Lewis R, Maas P, Parish H, Post B, Schierle J, Sullivan; D, Taylor A, Wang J, Ware G, Woollard D, Wu T. Determination of β-Carotene in Supplements and Raw Materials by Reversed-Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.5.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Twelve laboratories representing 4 countries participated in an interlaboratory study conducted to determine all-trans-β-carotene and total β-carotene in dietary supplements and raw materials. Thirteen samples were sent as blind duplicates to the collaborators. Results obtained from 11 laboratories are reported. For products composed as softgels and tablets that were analyzed for total β-carotene, the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 3.35 to 23.09% and the HorRat values ranged from 1.06 to 3.72. For these products analyzed for trans β-carotene, the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 4.28 to 22.76% and the HorRat values ranged from 0.92 to 3.37. The RSDr and HorRat values in the analysis of a beadlet raw material were substantial and it is believed that the variability within the material itself introduced significant variation in subsampling. The method uses high pressure liquid chromatography (LC) in the reversed-phase mode with visible light absorbance for detection and quantitation. If high levels of α-carotenes are present, a second LC system is used for additional separation and quantitation of the carotene species. It is recommended that the method be adopted as an AOAC Official Method.
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Soo R, Seto T, Gray J, Karimi P, Taylor A, Sawyer W, Thiel E, Marchlewicz E, Brouillette M. Survival and treatment patterns in patients (pts) with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIS): Analysis of US insurance claims databases. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz446.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Taylor A, Shih J, Ha G, Gao G, Zhang X, Berger A, Cherniack A, Beroukhim R, Meyerson M. MS12.02 Genomic and Functional Approaches to Understanding Cancer Aneuploidy. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reckamp K, Nieva J, Taylor A, Thakrar B, Wong J, Potter D, Bakker N, Rubinstein W, Sun P. P1.01-105 US Real-World Management of EGFR-Mutated Advanced NSCLC: Prescribing and Attrition Data from First-To-Second-Line Treatment. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jones A, Hauser J, Karunakaran A, Drechsler K, Taylor A, Muthurangu V, Batterham R. P3419Independent effects of visceral, subcutaneous and liver fat, and fat-free mass on cardiometabolic risk factors in teenagers. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cardiometabolic (CM) disorders begin earlier than previously thought. Better understanding of drivers of CM risk in the young is needed to address this. Adiposity is an established concern but studies largely rely on indirect markers eg. body mass index (BMI) to assess it. BMI is known to reflect both skeletal size & adiposity.
This study aimed to compare effects of BMI with independent effects of liver fat percentage (LFP), fat-free mass (FFM), & subcutaneous (SAT) & visceral (SAT) adipose tissue on CM risk in teenagers.
Healthy teens [N=82; Age 13–19y; 39 overwt/obese; 46F/36M] had volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) tissue mapping (neck-to-knee T2*-IDEAL). BMI z-score (WHO age/sex reference; zBMI), systolic BP (SBP), fasting blood (TRIGlyceride; CHOLesterol; HDL; IL6; CRP; white blood cells [WBC]; LEPTIN), & insulin & glucose response [0, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 & 240 min] to a mixed meal (75g glucose + cream) were assessed. Indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and sensitivity (MATSUDA-IS) were derived from fasting measures & integrated meal responses, respectively. Independent effects of LFP, FFM, SAT & VAT were tested by conditional regression in a 4 compartment model (4CM).
Higher zBMI was positively correlated with TRIG, IL6, CRP, WBC, HOMA-IR, LEPTIN & SBP, & inversely with HDL & MATSUDA-IS (Table). The 4CM showed that SAT was responsible for most of these links but VAT contributed to lower MATSUDA-IS, SAT was positively correlated with CHOL (zBMI was not), & FFM was a significant predictor of HDL, CRP & LEPTIN. It was solely responsible for the association of zBMI with SBP. There were no independent effects of LFP. zBMI was strongly driven by both FFM & SAT, limiting its ability to differentiate effects of skeletal size from those of adiposity.
Correlation coefficients BMI TRIG (mmol/L) CHOL (mmol/L) HDL (mmol/L) IL6 (pg/mL) CRP (mg/L) WBC (x109/L) HOMA-IR MATSUDA-IS LEPTIN (ng/mL) SBP (mmHg) Median (IQR) 23.4 (20.3, 29.6) 0.64 (0.52, 1.00) 3.5 (3.2, 4.0) 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) 4.0 (2.6, 6.7) 0.67 (0.22, 1.80) 5.6 (4.7, 7.1) 1.5 (0.8, 2.2) 9.3 (5.5, 12.6) 11.1 (2.1, 24.6) 114 (108, 120) zBMI 0.33§ 0.16 −0.43‡ 0.27¶ 0.69‡ 0.51‡ 0.54‡ −0.48‡ 0.77‡ 0.27¶ LFP 0.18 −0.06 0.18 0.19 0.00 −0.06 0.11 0.23 −0.21 −0.00 0.13 VAT 0.07 0.18 0.08 −0.22 0.09 −0.00 0.12 0.19 −0.35§ −0.08 0.09 SAT 0.89‡ 0.37§ 0.33§ −0.25¶ 0.37§ 0.57‡ 0.45† 0.61‡ −0.44† 0.85‡ −0.10 FFM 0.86‡ 0.04 −0.16 −0.34§ −0.02 0.31¶ −0.01 0.25 −0.25 0.39§ 0.34§ ¶P<0.05; §P<0.01; †P<0.001; ‡P<0.0001.
We found associations of zBMI with CM risk in teens that are usually interpreted as due to adiposity. Although SAT was largely responsible, FFM & VAT were important too & the link between BMI & SBP was due solely to FFM. Associations of CM risk factors with BMI may reflect non-adipose tissue effects & should be interpreted cautiously in the young.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Alexander Jones is funded by a British Heart Foundation Intermediate Clinical Research Fellowship (FS/18/22/33479)
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Nieva J, Reckamp K, Taylor A, Thakrar B, Wong J, Potter D, Bakker N, Rubinstein W, Sun P. P1.01-96 US Real-World Management of EGFR-Mutated Advanced NSCLC: Survival After First-Line EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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89
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Shah R, Girard N, Nagar S, Griesinger F, Roeper J, Davis K, Bakker N, Thakrar B, Taylor A, Feliciano J. Real-world (RW) treatment patterns and outcomes for second-line (2L) therapy and beyond in patients (pts) with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated (EGFRm) advanced NSCLC receiving a first-line (1L) first- or second-generation (1G/2G) EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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John T, Taylor A, Wang H, Cripps D, Eichinger C, Freeman C, Ahn M. P1.01-136 Uncommon EGFR Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review of Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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91
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McLeod GA, McKendrick M, Taylor A, Sadler A, Halcrow J, Mustafa A, Seeley J, Raju P, McKendrick G. An initial evaluation of the effect of a novel regional block needle with tip-tracking technology on the novice performance of cadaveric ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block. Anaesthesia 2019; 75:80-88. [PMID: 31506921 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visibility of the needle tip is difficult to maintain during ultrasound-guided nerve block. A new needle has been developed that incorporates a piezo element 2-2.3 mm from the tip, activated by ultrasound. The electrical signal manifests as a coloured circle surrounding the needle tip, and allows real-time tracking. We hypothesised that novice regional anaesthetists would perform nerve block better with the tracker turned on rather than off. Our primary objective was to evaluate the new needle by measuring the performance of novice anaesthetists conducting simulated sciatic block on the soft embalmed Thiel cadaver. Training consisted of a lecture, scanning in volunteers and practice on cadavers. Testing entailed scanning the sciatic nerve of a cadaver and conducting 20 in-plane sciatic blocks in the mid-to-upper thigh region. Subjects were randomised equally, in groups of five, according to the sequence: tracker on/off/on/off; or tracker off/on/off/on. Video recordings were assessed by six raters for steps performed correctly and errors committed. Eight subjects were recruited and 160 videos were analysed. Using the tracking needle, five correct steps improved and one error reduced. The benefits included: better identification of the needle tip before advancing the needle, OR (95%CI) 3.4 (1.6-7.7; p < 0.001); better alignment of the needle to the transducer, 3.1 (1.3-8.7; p = 0.009); and better visibility of the needle tip 3.0 (1.4-7.3; p = 0.005). In conclusion, use of the tracker needle improved the sciatic block performance of novices on the soft embalmed cadaver.
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Taylor A, Dalton A. The impalpable cricoid: an airway sonoanatomy mastery learning pilot. Br J Anaesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Huynh M, Nunes P, Besse L, Kelly A, Taylor A, Fareed M, Gorman D, Cho C, Lee T, Ferrone M, Lu Y, Groff M, Chi J, Spektor A, Balboni T. Characteristics of Patients and Treatment Recommendations from a Multidisciplinary Spinal Tumor Program. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Elnekave E, Hong S, Taylor A, Boxrud D, Rovira A, Alvarez J. A66 Tracing the evolutionary history of an emerging Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- clone in the United States. Virus Evol 2019. [PMCID: PMC6735749 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez002.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the leading causes of foodborne disease worldwide, with an estimated one million cases a year in the United States. Salmonella 4,[5],12: i:-, a monophasic variant of Salmonella typhimurium, is an emerging serovar that has been associated with multiple foodborne outbreaks throughout the world, mostly attributed to pig and pig products. Recently, we have demonstrated that two distinct groups of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- circulate in the USA and Europe, with the majority of isolates recovered during recent years belonging to an emerging multidrug-resistant clade (Elnekave et al. 2018). We applied Bayesian phylodynamic reconstruction to uncover the evolutionary history of this clade. We used a dataset of whole-genome sequences of 1446 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from different sources (livestock, human, food products, and others) from the USA (n = 752) and Europe (n = 694), collected between 2008 and 2017 and belonging to the Multilocus Subtype 34, which was predominant in the emerging clade (Elnekave et al. 2018). A subset (n = 110) of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i: isolates was then randomly selected after stratifying by location and year of isolation in order to achieve balanced sampling. Evidence of temporal signal was confirmed by looking at root-to-tip divergences using TempEst. Evolutionary hypotheses using strict and relaxed-clock models were tested using BEAST for a variety of demographic models and assuming a general time reversible substitution model. Model selection was performed by estimating Bayes Factors using path sampling and stepping-stone sampling. The selected model was then used for applying discrete trait models comparing different scenarios of transmission between locations (i.e. bidirectional symmetric/asymmetric or unidirectional). Our preliminary phylodynamic inference results indicate that the origin of this subtype was in Europe and dates back to 1990 (HPD 95%: 1984–2001). We report an exponential growth rate of 0.362 per year, which corresponds to a doubling time of 1.43 years. Our results suggest that this subtype was introduced to the US in the year 2000 (HPD 95%: 1994–2006). Phylodynamic analysis suggests that the recent increase in isolation of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- from different sources in the USA may be due to the exponential expansion of an emerging clone which originated in Europe and then expanded to the USA. The emergence and expansion of this serovar is of great public health importance due to the high prevalence of multidrug resistance traits found in USA isolates from this group and especially due to the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance genes for quinolones and extended spectrum cephalosporins, key antimicrobials used for the treatment of invasive Salmonella infections.
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Taylor A, Dobnikar L, Chappell J, Harman L J, Dzierzak E, Bennett R M, Spivakov M, Jørgensen F H. Single cell profiling reveals sca1-positive vascular smooth muscle cells in healthy and diseased vessels. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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96
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Taylor A, Finotello R, Vilar-Saavedra P, Couto CG, Benigni L, Lara-Garcia A. Clinical characteristics and outcome of dogs with presumed primary renal lymphoma. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:663-670. [PMID: 31364180 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the presentation, clinicopathologic data and outcome of 29 dogs with presumed primary renal lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of medical records of dogs with suspected primary renal lymphoma from 11 institutions. RESULTS All dogs were substage b, and lethargy and gastrointestinal signs were common presenting complaints, as were azotaemia (n=25; 86%) and erythrocytosis (n=15; 51%) on biochemical testing. Ultrasonography typically revealed bilateral renal lesions (n=23; 79%), renomegaly (n=22; 76%) and abdominal lymphadenopathy (n=14; 48%). Chemotherapy was the only treatment in 23 dogs, of which 11 responded, all considered partial responses. For all dogs the median progression-free survival and median overall survival times were 10 days (range: 1 to 126) and 12 days (range: 1 to 212), respectively, and for dogs that responded to chemotherapy 41 days (range: 10 to 126) and 47 days (range: 10 to 212), respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Primary renal lymphoma in dogs appears to be associated with a poor prognosis and short-lived response to chemotherapy.
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McAleese J, Taylor A, Walls GM, Hanna GG. Differential Relapse Patterns for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Radiation Oncology. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:711-719. [PMID: 31351746 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Curative-intent (radical) radiotherapy aims to control local disease and cure non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The predominant subtypes of NSCLC are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The radiotherapy paradigm offered to patients does not differ according to these two subtypes. Relapse patterns and disease control rates for adenocarcinoma and SCC treated with radical radiotherapy were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A radical radiotherapy database covering the period from 2004 to June 2016 was examined to determine the first sites of relapse and the actuarial local and distant control rates. RESULTS In total, 537 patients with known pathological subtype were treated over the period. In 39 (7%), the site of first relapse was uncertain. Of the remainder, 203 (41%) had adenocarcinoma and 295 (59%) had SCC. At a median follow-up of 16.4 months, 58% had relapsed. There was a difference in relapse patterns (chi-squared test P < 0.0005), with a higher rate of first relapse locally in SCC (42% of all patients versus 24%) and a higher rate of first relapse in the brain for adenocarcinoma (14% versus 3%). The actuarial local control rate was worse for SCC (hazard ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.5-0.9, P = 0.002). The brain metastasis-free survival was worse for adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 2.2-7.5, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION There is a difference in relapse patterns between NSCLC histological subtypes, indicating that these are distinct entities. This may have implications for follow-up policy and strategies to improve disease control.
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Figaji A, Fieggen G, Enslin N, Taylor A, Rohlwink U. Cerebrospinal fluid protein and shunt obstruction in tuberculous meningitis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 23:765. [PMID: 31315712 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Stern SA, Weaver HA, Spencer JR, Olkin CB, Gladstone GR, Grundy WM, Moore JM, Cruikshank DP, Elliott HA, McKinnon WB, Parker JW, Verbiscer AJ, Young LA, Aguilar DA, Albers JM, Andert T, Andrews JP, Bagenal F, Banks ME, Bauer BA, Bauman JA, Bechtold KE, Beddingfield CB, Behrooz N, Beisser KB, Benecchi SD, Bernardoni E, Beyer RA, Bhaskaran S, Bierson CJ, Binzel RP, Birath EM, Bird MK, Boone DR, Bowman AF, Bray VJ, Britt DT, Brown LE, Buckley MR, Buie MW, Buratti BJ, Burke LM, Bushman SS, Carcich B, Chaikin AL, Chavez CL, Cheng AF, Colwell EJ, Conard SJ, Conner MP, Conrad CA, Cook JC, Cooper SB, Custodio OS, Dalle Ore CM, Deboy CC, Dharmavaram P, Dhingra RD, Dunn GF, Earle AM, Egan AF, Eisig J, El-Maarry MR, Engelbrecht C, Enke BL, Ercol CJ, Fattig ED, Ferrell CL, Finley TJ, Firer J, Fischetti J, Folkner WM, Fosbury MN, Fountain GH, Freeze JM, Gabasova L, Glaze LS, Green JL, Griffith GA, Guo Y, Hahn M, Hals DW, Hamilton DP, Hamilton SA, Hanley JJ, Harch A, Harmon KA, Hart HM, Hayes J, Hersman CB, Hill ME, Hill TA, Hofgartner JD, Holdridge ME, Horányi M, Hosadurga A, Howard AD, Howett CJA, Jaskulek SE, Jennings DE, Jensen JR, Jones MR, Kang HK, Katz DJ, Kaufmann DE, Kavelaars JJ, Keane JT, Keleher GP, Kinczyk M, Kochte MC, Kollmann P, Krimigis SM, Kruizinga GL, Kusnierkiewicz DY, Lahr MS, Lauer TR, Lawrence GB, Lee JE, Lessac-Chenen EJ, Linscott IR, Lisse CM, Lunsford AW, Mages DM, Mallder VA, Martin NP, May BH, McComas DJ, McNutt RL, Mehoke DS, Mehoke TS, Nelson DS, Nguyen HD, Núñez JI, Ocampo AC, Owen WM, Oxton GK, Parker AH, Pätzold M, Pelgrift JY, Pelletier FJ, Pineau JP, Piquette MR, Porter SB, Protopapa S, Quirico E, Redfern JA, Regiec AL, Reitsema HJ, Reuter DC, Richardson DC, Riedel JE, Ritterbush MA, Robbins SJ, Rodgers DJ, Rogers GD, Rose DM, Rosendall PE, Runyon KD, Ryschkewitsch MG, Saina MM, Salinas MJ, Schenk PM, Scherrer JR, Schlei WR, Schmitt B, Schultz DJ, Schurr DC, Scipioni F, Sepan RL, Shelton RG, Showalter MR, Simon M, Singer KN, Stahlheber EW, Stanbridge DR, Stansberry JA, Steffl AJ, Strobel DF, Stothoff MM, Stryk T, Stuart JR, Summers ME, Tapley MB, Taylor A, Taylor HW, Tedford RM, Throop HB, Turner LS, Umurhan OM, Van Eck J, Velez D, Versteeg MH, Vincent MA, Webbert RW, Weidner SE, Weigle GE, Wendel JR, White OL, Whittenburg KE, Williams BG, Williams KE, Williams SP, Winters HL, Zangari AM, Zurbuchen TH. Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU 69, a small Kuiper Belt object. Science 2019; 364:364/6441/eaaw9771. [PMID: 31097641 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Kuiper Belt is a distant region of the outer Solar System. On 1 January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew close to (486958) 2014 MU69, a cold classical Kuiper Belt object approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. Such objects have never been substantially heated by the Sun and are therefore well preserved since their formation. We describe initial results from these encounter observations. MU69 is a bilobed contact binary with a flattened shape, discrete geological units, and noticeable albedo heterogeneity. However, there is little surface color or compositional heterogeneity. No evidence for satellites, rings or other dust structures, a gas coma, or solar wind interactions was detected. MU69's origin appears consistent with pebble cloud collapse followed by a low-velocity merger of its two lobes.
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Kallianos K, Mongan J, Antani S, Henry T, Taylor A, Abuya J, Kohli M. How far have we come? Artificial intelligence for chest radiograph interpretation. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:338-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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